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_____________________________________________________________________Table 35: Cerylid actinobacterial isolates A1488 and A3023 nucleotide andtranslated amino acid sequence, percentage similarity with aromaticPKS genes using gapped-FASTA database search ________________ 80Table 36: Secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene nucleic acid and amino acidsequences incorporated into the design of the ole01f and ole01r PCRprimers _________________________________________________ 82Table 37: Relative amino acid positions and codon degeneracies of ole01f andole01r primers within the sequence ___________________________ 83Table 38: Relative nucleic acid positions and of ole01f and ole01r primers andvariable nucleotides within the sequence _______________________ 83Table 39: Comparison of PCR amplified KS gene from Cerylid cultures A0350and A1113 sequence percentage similarity with mPKS genes using theFASTA database search ____________________________________ 85Table 40: Secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene nucleic acid and amino acidsequences incorporated into the design of the strD01f and strD01r PCRprimers _________________________________________________ 88Table 41: Relative amino acid positions and codon degeneracies of strD01fand strD01r primers within the sequence _______________________ 89Table 42: Relative nucleic acid positions and of strD01f and strD01r primersand variable nucleotides within the sequence____________________ 89Table 43: Comparison of nucleotide and amino acids from amplifieddTDP-glucose synthase gene from Streptomyces grtiseus DSM40236Type Strain with dTDP-glucose synthase from different actinobacterialstrains ___________________________________________________ 91Table 44: Isopenicillin N synthase genes with their corresponding nucleicacid and amino acid sequences incorporated into the design of thepcb03f and pcb03r PCR primers______________________________ 92Table 45: Relative amino acid positions and codon degeneracies of pcb03fand pcb03r primers within the sequence ________________________ 93Table 46: Relative nucleic acid positions and of pcb03f and pcb03r primersand variable nucleotides within the sequence ____________________ 94Table 47: Comparison of nucleotide and amino acid sequences fromisopenicillin N synthase (pcbC) gene with sequenced Streptomycesgriseus NRRL3851 and Streptomyces cattleya ATCC8507Type Strains ______________________________________________ 95Table 48: Summary of PCR screening on Cerylid environmental isolates ______ 96Table 49: Antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts from the Cerylidenvironmental actinobacterial cultures: plug and well type diffusionassays ___________________________________________________ 97Table 50: Fermentation analysis, depicting the antimicrobial activities forsupernatant and mycelial extracts of the Cerylid environmentalactinobacterial isolates _____________________________________ 99Table 51: Comparison of fermentation conditions for bioactive metabolitescreening ________________________________________________ 100Table 52: Characterization of ethyl acetate extracted metabolites from A2707culture on different solid-substrate fermentation media ____________ 101Table 53: Well-Type anti-bacterial assay of mycelium extracted metabolitesfrom actinobacterial liquid-oil fermentations after 10 days incubation_ 102_____________________________________________________________________viii
_____________________________________________________________________Table 54: Chemical metabolic banding profile of compounds using TLCvisualized under short wavelength fluorescent light at 254 nm andlocation of biological active fractions from fermented mycelialextracts _________________________________________________ 104Table 55: Comparison of the results of the metabolic screening strategiesemployed in this study _____________________________________ 106Table 56: Maximum absorption wavelength λ max detected from semi-purifiedextracts using UV-Vis Spectroscopy __________________________ 108Table 57: Summary of mass – spectrometry _____________________________ 111Table 58: Compound database matches with organic extracts _______________ 111_____________________________________________________________________ix
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BERVANAKIS, G.Chapter 2: MATERIALS
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BERVANAKIS, G.Chapter 4: DISCUSSION
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BERVANAKIS, G. APPENDIX 1Appendix 1
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