Flora of Ashdown Forest - Botanical Society of the British Isles

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ecorded with Chamaemelum are Matricaria recut/ta, M. disco/dea, and Tripleurospermum inodorum. A survey by HeatherWins hip for Plantlife and Hampshire Wildlife Trust in 1993 showed that Chamaemelum was declining nationally (Wins hip1994). In East Sussex in 1993, Ford's Green and Chailey Common were the only known extant sites, and the latter hasonly one small patch, The single Ashdown locality at Ford's Green certainly merits conservation, if only 50 that after afootball match the Nutley lads will smell a little sweeter than normal!The flowers were once brewed into a cure-all tea and were highly valued fetching 400 shillings per cwt (Bates 1943).It is still drunk today as a herbal tea.Chamaemelum was once quite common and widespread in southern England on common land, and it thrived in short,heavily grazed turf, with the accompanying poaching of the ground and dung patches. The post-war decline has followedthe decline in pasturing stock on commons in England, and it only remains frequent inland in the New Forest and onDartmoor which are still grazed. Studies of the genetics have shown that many populations now have very little variation(Kay & John 1995). Recently. it has been increasingly noticed on sports fields derived from old common land, where themowing and trampling mimic grazing. The occurrence of hundreds of plants at Ford's Green is therefore quite typical. Thesoil pH where it was most abundant was 4.9, and it did not occur where the soils had a higher pH from the lime used tomark the pitches. It could also survive elsewhere on the Forest on lawns.It mainly occurs in western Europe and North Africa185Anthemis arvensis. Corn chamomile.Barnsden, near Nutley, and Forest Row, E. M. Day (Wolley-Dod 19371. Tetrad 42T (Hall 19801.Not refound, perhaps not surprisingly for an arable weed which is decreasing in England (Rich & Woodruff 19961. InSussex and elsewhere it is now an uncommon arable weed of the chalk (Wilson 1994), and occasionally occurs as acontaminant of continental seed mixtures with other arable weeds such as Agrostemma githago and Chrysanthemumsegetum.It is widespread in Europe, Asia and North Africa, and has been widely introduced elsewhere as a weed.Anthemis cotu/a. Stinking chamomile.Five tetrad records (Hall 19801.One plant in gateway, south-west of Mudbrooks House (402.338), pH 5.4, 1995, Florameeting.This is a annual weed which is variable in size and habit. It occurs most frequently on3 -+-+-----'-+_ heavy clay and clay-loam soils, especially if they are base-rich, and our site on mildly acidicclay may not be very suitable for it (hence only one!). Germination takes place mainly in theautumn and spring depending on cultivation, but can occur throughout the year. It is selfincompatibleand requires cross-pollination, so our isolated plant may not have set seed {Kay4 51971; Wilson 19941.Frequent on heavy soils in the Weald. Widespread but decreasing in lowland south-east England and possiblyclimatically limited by cooler temperature and increasing rainfall to the north and west (Kay 1971; Rich & Woodruff 1996).Widespread in Europe north to England and Finland but probably native around the Mediterranean, western Asia and northeastAfrica.*Chrysanthemum segetum. Corn marigold.Ashdown Forest, 1921, H. Mace (BRC), we presume recorded from arable land.Another arable weed which is decreasing in England and has not been refound.Europe and western Asia.It is now very scarce in Sussex.Leucanthemum vu/gare. Oxeye daisy, Horse daisy, Midsummer daisy, Dog daisy.Scattered on verges and in pastures and lawns, most frequent on the more calcareous soilson the south side of the Forest. Usually conspicuous in flower in May and June, but in themild weather of October 1995 some flowered again after the summer drought.Recorded in 92% of the Sussex tetrads (Hall 19801. Widespread in Britain and Europe.4 5
186*Leucanthemum x superbum (L. maximum), Shasta daisy.Tetrad 42J (Hall 1980).Road verge near Birch Grove House (413.304), 1993, Flora meeting; near Home Farm(44.30), 1993 +, SBRS.Occasionally recorded as a garden escape in Sussex, and increasingly so in England (Rich3 -+-f'"----'''"----'-+_ & Woodruff 1996). It originated in cultivation.4 5Matricaria recutita (Chamomilla recutita). Scented mayweed.Common on the Forest (Hall 1980).Scattered around the Forest often on roadsides and in gutters, and occasionally as aweed in gardens and flower beds.Common in Sussex. Locally common in non~calcareous, loamy soils in Britain (WiJson31994) and increasing in England (Rich & Woodruff 1996). Widespread in Europe and Asiawest to India.4 5*Matricaria discoidea (M. matricarioides, Chamomilla matricarioidesj. Pineapple-weed.The first record we have traced is for Forest Row, 1910, Miss P. Stockdale (BEX), only a fewyears after the first confirmed Sussex record from Lewes in 1901 (Wolley-Dod 1937).Common on the Forest (Hall 1980).Widespread in gateways, gardens, car parks, road verges and on waste ground. It isabsent from the heathy areas.Recorded in Sussex in 98% of the tetrads (Hall 1980). First recorded in Europe in 1852and from Britain in 1871, and now very widespread and still increasing in Britain (Rich &Woodruff 1996). Native in north-east Asia,Trip/eurospermum inodorum. Scentless mayweed.The commonest mayweed on the Forest, on verges, road gutters, arable land, waste groundand other disturbed open habitats.Recorded in 95% of the tetrads in Sussex (Hall 1980). The commonest mayweed inBritain (Wilson 1994). Widespread in Europe and western Asia.34 5*Senecio cineraria. Silver ragwort.Waste soil in council dump, Wych Cross (419.320), 1994, DK; disturbed verge near AshdownPark (429.323), 1993, TR & EL. Not persistent in either locality.Established by the sea in Sussex, and increasing in England (Rich & Woodruff 1996).Native in west and central parts of the Mediterranean.3 -++-----'-+_4 5
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Flora of Ashdown Forest,-,;I
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Copyright Tim Rich, Pat Donovan, Pa
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe would like to th
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THE HABITATS OF ASH DOWN FOREST3His
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Near the bottom of all the non~wood
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Conopodium majusCrataegus laevigata
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Fincham (1995) published a small ph
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13ANAL VS IS OF THE FLORA DATAIn th
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15The number of different visits to
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17Hedgerows Disturbed/waste ground
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19The frequencies with which specie
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21(r~0.434, pO.l).-0.059,•300t350
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23A second type of comparison has b
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25Similarly, environmental variable
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SPECIES ACCOUNTS27Lat'1n names foll
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29EQUISETACEAEEquisetum f/uviatile.
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One plant on a vertical, north-faci
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Viola pa/ustris in an open alder co
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35DRYOPTERIDACEAEPolystichum aculea
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37BLECHNACEAEBlechnum spicant. Hard
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39AngiospermsLAURACEAE* Laurus nobi
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41Ranunculus repens, Creeping butte
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wet mud, small streams, ditches and
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45*Meconopsis cambrica. Welsh poppy
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47Ulmusx hollandica f?U. glabra x m
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49FAGACEAEFagus sylvatica. Beech.Fo
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A special large oak at Chuck Hatch,
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Cory/us avel/ana. Hazel.Recorded in
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plants in the autumn; we have not r
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Sagina procumbens. Procumbent pearl
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59*Saponaria officinalis. Soapwort,
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61Dolygonum arenastrum. Equal-leave
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63Rumex conglomeratus. Clustered do
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65Hypericum humifusum. Trailing S1
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67DROSERACEAEDrosera rotundifolia.
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69Viola laetea. Pale dog-violet.Thi
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71* Salix alba. White willow.3 -+-t
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73Salix repens var. repens (var. er
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75*Rorippa sylvestris. Creeping yel
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77* Thlaspi arvense. Field pennycre
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79aphanus raphanistrum. Wild radish
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ica tetralix. Cross~leaved heath.As
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centre of the Forest on alluvial so
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It is predominantly a plant which o
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87SAXIFRAGACEAE[*Darmera pe/tata. I
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89insipid in flavour IHaskel1 1960)
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91ection Rubus. Subsection Hiemales
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93Rubus pr%ngatus.Nutley (45.27), 1
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95bus vestitus.Newbridge, 1969, B.
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97Rubus largificus.3 -+t--------'+_
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Potentilla anserina. Silverweed.Com
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101Geum urbanum. Wood avens.Primari
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103osa x pseudorusticana fR. arvens
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105Prunus spinosa. Blackthorn, Wint
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orbus aucuparia. Rowan, Mountain as
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109r*Crataegus persimilis. Broad-le
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111icia tetrasperma. Smooth tare.Fo
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113Trifolium rep ens. White clover"
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115Genista tinctoria. Dyer's greenw
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*Genista anglica. Petty whin, Needl
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Myriophyllum alterniflorum. Alterna
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121Epilobium montanum x obscurum.Fo
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habitats.It lives up to the name of
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125,UPHORBIACEAEVlercurialis perenn
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Although one of Britain's tiniest p
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129*Oxalis articulata. Pink-sorrel.
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*Erodium cicutarium. Common stork's
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Widespread in Europe from the shore
Page 140 and 141: * Sison amomum. Stone parsley.Tetra
Page 142 and 143: 137Centaurium pu/chellum. Lesser ce
Page 144 and 145: 139CONVOLVULACEAEConvolvulus arvens
Page 146 and 147: 141*Nymphoides pe/tata. Fringed wat
Page 148 and 149: Myosotis secunda (M. repens). Creep
Page 150 and 151: 145Stachys 8lvensis. Field woundwor
Page 152 and 153: 5cutellaria x hybrida (5. galericul
Page 154 and 155: Origanum vu/gare. Marjoram.Near Fis
Page 156 and 157: CALLlTRICHACEAE151Ca/litriche is a
Page 158 and 159: 153Fraxinus excelsior. Ash.4 5Local
Page 160 and 161: ~'Cymbalaria mural is. Ivy-leaved t
Page 162 and 163: 157Veronica scutellata. Marsh speed
Page 164 and 165: 159Sibthorpia europaea. Cornish mon
Page 166 and 167: 161OROBANCHACEAEOrobanche rapum~gen
Page 168 and 169: 163RUBIACEAESherardia arvensis. Mad
Page 170 and 171: 165Viburnum OpUIU5.Guelder-rose, St
Page 172 and 173: 167Valeriana officina/is 5.1. Commo
Page 174 and 175: 169Cirsium vu/gate. Spear thistle.W
Page 176 and 177: 171We suspect that Leontodon hispid
Page 178 and 179: 173Mycelis muralis. Wall lettuce.Se
Page 180 and 181: 175Taraxacum exceJlens.Scattered al
Page 182 and 183: 177Taraxacum sinuatum.Recorded from
Page 184 and 185: 179Crepis capillaris. Smooth hawk'
Page 186 and 187: 181Hieracium. Hawkweeds.3134 5Hiera
Page 188 and 189: *So/idago gigantea. Early goldenrod
Page 192 and 193: *Senecio x albescens (S. cineraria
Page 194 and 195: *Petasites japonicus. Giant butterb
Page 196 and 197: *E1odea canadensis. Canadian waterw
Page 198 and 199: Arum maculatum. Lords~and~ladies, C
Page 200 and 201: Juncus x surrejanus (J. acutiflorus
Page 202 and 203: fences or topography. It may domina
Page 204 and 205: Eleocharis multicaulis. Many-stalke
Page 206 and 207: A hybrid first described by Col em
Page 208 and 209: 203Carex riparia. Greater pond~sedg
Page 210 and 211: Material which initially looked lik
Page 212 and 213: 207Festuca pratensis. Meadow fescue
Page 214 and 215: 209Cynosurus cristatus. Crested dog
Page 216 and 217: 211Glyceria f/uitans. Floating swee
Page 218 and 219: 213Deschampsia cespitosa. Tufted ha
Page 220 and 221: Agrostis gigantea. Black bent.Tetra
Page 222 and 223: 217Bromus lepidus. Slender soft~bro
Page 224 and 225: * Triticum aestivum. Bread wheat.A
Page 226 and 227: 221L1L1ACEAENarthecium ossifragum.
Page 228 and 229: 223*Allium triquetrum. Three-Gornar
Page 230 and 231: Trumpet length(mm)454035302520•
Page 232 and 233: 227ORCHIDACEAEEpipactis purpurata.
Page 234 and 235: een unable to refind any bog orchid
Page 236 and 237: 231DactylorhizB praetermissa. South
Page 238 and 239: Rachel A. Nicholson (1934-). Rachel
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235REFERENCESAbbas, M. H. (1979). S
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Graham, G. G. & Primavesi, A. L. (1
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Rich, T. C. G. & Smith, P. A. (1996
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GAZETTEER241This gazetteer has been
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Smockfarthing 40.31Smuggler's car p
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Asple adi+cuttr int~~~tl·Bteel SI!
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Broad bean 111 Cardamine x hausskne
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Fen bedstraw 163 Fumitory 46 Greate
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Leucanthemum maximum 186 Many-flowe
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Quercus ilex 50 Rorippa x ster/lis
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Sticky mouse-ear 56 Thale cress 73
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Flora of Ashdown Forest - Botanical Society of the British Isles

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