Rich, T. C. G. & Smith, P. A. (1996), <strong>Botanical</strong> recording, distribution maps and species frequency, Watsonia 21: 161-173.Rich, T. C. G. & Woodruff, E. R. (1990). BSBI Monitoring Scheme 1987-1988. Chief Scientist's Directorate Report no.1265. Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough.Rich, T. C. G. & Woodruff, E. R. (1996). Changes in <strong>the</strong> floras <strong>of</strong> England and Scotland between 1930-1960 and 1987-1988: The BSBI Monitoring Scheme. Biological Conservation 75: 217-229.Richards, A. J. (1988). Male predominant sex ratios in holly (flex aquifolium L., Aquifoliaceae) and rosereot (Rhodiola roseaL., Crassulaceael. Watsonia 17: 53-57.Riding, R. W. (1977). White-flowered bluebells (Endvmnion non-scriptus (L.) Garcke. Watsonia 11: 255.Ritchie, J. C. (1956). Biological <strong>Flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>. Vaccinium mvrtillus. Journal <strong>of</strong> EcologV 44: 291-299.Robinson, D. A. & Williams, R. B. G. (1984). Classic landforms <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Weald. Landform Guide no. 4. The GeographicalAssociation, Sheffield.RodwelL J. S. et al. eds., (1991 et seq.). <strong>British</strong> plant communities, volumes 1-5, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Raper, p, (1993). The distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Wild Service Tree, Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz, in <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>. Watsonia 19;209-229.Rose, F. (1952). "Atlantic" species in <strong>the</strong> flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Weald. S.-E. Naturalist and Antiquarian 52: 18-23.Rose, F. (1958). Drvopteris aemula in S. E. England. Proceedings BSBI3: 100-101.Rose, F. (1992), Report on <strong>the</strong> remaining heathlands <strong>of</strong> West Sussex 1991-1992. West Sussex County Council,Chichester.Rose, F, (1995). The habitats and vegetation <strong>of</strong> Sussex. Booth Museum, Brighton.Ross, A. (1955). The flowers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Forest</strong>. Sussex Countv Magazine 29: 275-278.Ross, A. (1960). The flowers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Forest</strong>s. Countrv-side, n.s. 19: 4-5.Rumsey, F. J, (1994). pyrola rotundifolia L. subsp. rotundifolia. in Stewart, Pearman & Preston (1994), loc. cit.Salisbury, E. J. (1942). The reproductive capacitv <strong>of</strong> plants. G. Bell & Sons, London.Salisbury, E. J. (1961). Weeds and aliens. Collins, London.Salisbury, E. J, (1963). Fertile seed production and self-incompatibility <strong>of</strong> Hypericum calycinum in England. Watson;a 5:368-376.Salisbury, E. J. (1969a). A note on fertile seed production by Hypericum calycinum, Watsonia 7: 24.Salisbury, E. J. (1969b). Reproductive biology and occasional seed dimorphism <strong>of</strong> Anagallis minima and Lythrumhyssopifolia. Watsonia 7: 25-39.Salisbury, E. J. (1970), The pioneer vegetation <strong>of</strong> exposed mud and its biological features. Proceedings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> RoyalSocietv 259: 207--255.Samways, M. J. (1981). Biological control <strong>of</strong> pests and weeds. Edward Arnold, London.Schmid, B. (1983). Notes on <strong>the</strong> nomenclature and taxonomy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Carex flava group in Europe, Watsonia 14: 309-319.Schroeder, F.-G. (1970). Exotic Amelanchier species naturalised in Europe and <strong>the</strong>ir occurrence in Great Britain. Watsonia8: 155-162.Sculthorpe, C. D. (1967). The biologV <strong>of</strong> aquatic vascular plants. Edward Arnold, London.Sell, P. D. (1994). Ranunculus ficaria L. sensu lata. Watsonia 20: 41-50.Shaw, P. J. A., Lankey, K. & Hollingham, S. A. (1995). Impacts <strong>of</strong> trampling and dog fouling on vegetation and soilconditions at Headley Heath. London Naturalist 74: 77-82.Sheffield, E., Wolf, P. G. & Haufler, C. H. (1989). How big is a bracken plant? Weed Research 29: 455-460.Shillito, J. F. (1952). Notes on <strong>the</strong> perennation <strong>of</strong> dodders. Watsonia 2: 239-242.Shirreffs, D. A. (1985). Biological <strong>Flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>. Anemone nemorosa L. Journal <strong>of</strong> Ecology 73: 1005-1020.Showier, A. J. (1994). Iberis amara L. In Stewart, Pearman & Preston (1994), loc. cit.Simpson, D. A. (1984). A short history <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> introduction and spread <strong>of</strong> Elodea Michx in <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>. Watsonia 15:1-9.Simpson, D. A. (1988). Phenotypic plasticity <strong>of</strong> Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St John and Elodea canadensis Michx in <strong>the</strong><strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>. Watsonia 17: 121-132.Soil Survey (1983). Soils <strong>of</strong> England and Wales. Sheet 6. Soils <strong>of</strong> South East England. Ordnance Survey, Southampton.Stace, C. A. (1991). New <strong>Flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Steele, W. (1936). <strong>Ashdown</strong> <strong>Forest</strong> and its adders. Sussex CountvMagazine 10: 514.Stewart, A., Pearman, D, A. & Preston, C. D, (1994), Scarce plants in Britain. JNCC, Peterborough.Streeter, D. (1961). A report on <strong>the</strong> scientific interest <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ashdown</strong> <strong>Forest</strong>, Sussex with proposals for <strong>the</strong> conservation andmanagement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> area. Unpublished report to Conservators <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ashdown</strong> <strong>Forest</strong> by Sussex Naturalist's Trust, 1973reprint.Summerfield, R. J. (1974). Biological <strong>Flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>. Nar<strong>the</strong>dum ossifragum (L.) Huds. Journal <strong>of</strong> EcologV 62:325-339.Su<strong>the</strong>rland, W. J. (1990). Biological <strong>Flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>. Iris pseudacorus L. Journal <strong>of</strong> EcologV 78: 833-848.Trist, P. J. O. & Sell. P. D. (1988). Two subspecies <strong>of</strong> Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench. in <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>. Watsonia 17:153-157.Tubbs, C. R. (1986). The New <strong>Forest</strong>. New Naturalist. Collins, London.Turkington, R. & Aarssen, L. W. (1983). Biological <strong>Flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>. Hvpochaeris radicata L. Journal <strong>of</strong> EcologV71: 999-1022.239
240Turner, D. & Dillwyn, L. W. 118051. The botanist's guide through England and Wales. Phillips and Fardon, London.Tutin, T. G. 119801. Umbel/ifers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>. BSBJ. London.Valentine, D. H. (1975). Taxonomic treatment <strong>of</strong> polymorphic variation, Watsonia 10: 385-390.Valentine, D. H. 119791. Experimental work on <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> flora. Watsonia 12: 201-207.van Ooststroom, S. J. (1951). On Cuscuta epithymum var. trifolHSab. Watsonia 2: 1-7.Waiters, S. M. & Martin, A. 119581. Self-incompatibility and hybridisation in Calystegia. Proceedings BSBI 3: 104.Ward, L. K. (1973). The conservation <strong>of</strong> juniper. I. Present status and distribution in sou<strong>the</strong>rn England. Journal <strong>of</strong> AppHedEcology 10: 165-188.Warren, R. & Alford, V. 119941. The High Weald. Countryside Commission, Northampton.Watson, H. C. (1835). The New Botanist's Guide to <strong>the</strong> localities <strong>of</strong> rarer plants in Britain. Volume 1. London.Watson, H. C. 118831. Topographical Botany. Bernard Quaritch, London.Watson. H. C. (1837). The New Botanist's Guide to <strong>the</strong> localities <strong>of</strong> rarer plants In Britain, Volume 2. London.Webb, E.118851. Lesser dodder. Science Gossip 21: 262.Webster, S. D. 119881. Ranunculus L. subgenus Batrachium. In Rich & Rich 11988), lac. cit.Welch, D., Scott, D., Moss, R. & Bayfield, N. G. 119941. Ecology <strong>of</strong> blaeberry and its management in <strong>British</strong> moorlands.ITE, Banchory.Wells, J. 119161. The flora <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ashdown</strong> <strong>Forest</strong>. Brighton and Hove Natural History and Philosophical <strong>Society</strong> Transactions,year ending June 28 1916: 12.Whitbread, A" Barton, J. & Hutton, D. (1989). East Sussex inventory <strong>of</strong> ancient woodlands 1989 (provisional). NatureConservancy Council, Peterborough.Whitwell, W. 119021. East Sussex notes. Journal <strong>of</strong> Botany 40: 103-108.Wickens, C. H. 119481. Sussex apples. Sussex County Magazine 22: 68.Willard, B. 119891. The <strong>Forest</strong>. <strong>Ashdown</strong> in East Sussex. Sweethaws Press, Uckfield.Wilson, P. J. 119941. Identification - <strong>British</strong> mayweeds. 8ritish Wildlife 5: 158-162.Winship, H. R. 119941. Chamomile - <strong>the</strong> herb <strong>of</strong> humility in demise. <strong>British</strong> Wildlife 5: 163-165.Wolley-Dod, A. H. 119371. <strong>Flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> Sussex. Chatford House Press, Bristol.Woodward, F. I. (1987). Climate and plant distribution, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.The following references which may contain some more details have not been traced (see Arnold 1907 and Wolley-Ood19371:M. R. Dixon (1886). List <strong>of</strong> plants in <strong>Ashdown</strong> <strong>Forest</strong>, etc.W. H. B. Fletcher 11887). List <strong>of</strong> Sussex wild plants.W. B. Hemsley's papers at Brighton Museum which may contain some more details not abstracted by WoUey-Ood119371.J. Salt 118891. A list <strong>of</strong> plants col/ected chiefly in <strong>the</strong> neighbourhood <strong>of</strong> Sheffield (Sussex).A book, 'Wild flowers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> district <strong>of</strong> East Grinstead' (reference 5581.9) was noted in Brighton Reference Library byM. J. Leppard many years ago, but could not be traced in 1996.
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Flora of Ashdown Forest,-,;I
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Copyright Tim Rich, Pat Donovan, Pa
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe would like to th
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THE HABITATS OF ASH DOWN FOREST3His
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Near the bottom of all the non~wood
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Conopodium majusCrataegus laevigata
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Fincham (1995) published a small ph
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13ANAL VS IS OF THE FLORA DATAIn th
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15The number of different visits to
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17Hedgerows Disturbed/waste ground
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19The frequencies with which specie
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21(r~0.434, pO.l).-0.059,•300t350
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23A second type of comparison has b
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25Similarly, environmental variable
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SPECIES ACCOUNTS27Lat'1n names foll
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29EQUISETACEAEEquisetum f/uviatile.
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One plant on a vertical, north-faci
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Viola pa/ustris in an open alder co
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35DRYOPTERIDACEAEPolystichum aculea
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37BLECHNACEAEBlechnum spicant. Hard
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39AngiospermsLAURACEAE* Laurus nobi
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41Ranunculus repens, Creeping butte
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wet mud, small streams, ditches and
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45*Meconopsis cambrica. Welsh poppy
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47Ulmusx hollandica f?U. glabra x m
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49FAGACEAEFagus sylvatica. Beech.Fo
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A special large oak at Chuck Hatch,
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Cory/us avel/ana. Hazel.Recorded in
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plants in the autumn; we have not r
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Sagina procumbens. Procumbent pearl
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59*Saponaria officinalis. Soapwort,
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61Dolygonum arenastrum. Equal-leave
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63Rumex conglomeratus. Clustered do
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65Hypericum humifusum. Trailing S1
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67DROSERACEAEDrosera rotundifolia.
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69Viola laetea. Pale dog-violet.Thi
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71* Salix alba. White willow.3 -+-t
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73Salix repens var. repens (var. er
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75*Rorippa sylvestris. Creeping yel
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77* Thlaspi arvense. Field pennycre
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79aphanus raphanistrum. Wild radish
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ica tetralix. Cross~leaved heath.As
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centre of the Forest on alluvial so
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It is predominantly a plant which o
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87SAXIFRAGACEAE[*Darmera pe/tata. I
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89insipid in flavour IHaskel1 1960)
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91ection Rubus. Subsection Hiemales
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93Rubus pr%ngatus.Nutley (45.27), 1
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95bus vestitus.Newbridge, 1969, B.
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97Rubus largificus.3 -+t--------'+_
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Potentilla anserina. Silverweed.Com
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101Geum urbanum. Wood avens.Primari
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103osa x pseudorusticana fR. arvens
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105Prunus spinosa. Blackthorn, Wint
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orbus aucuparia. Rowan, Mountain as
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109r*Crataegus persimilis. Broad-le
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111icia tetrasperma. Smooth tare.Fo
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113Trifolium rep ens. White clover"
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115Genista tinctoria. Dyer's greenw
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*Genista anglica. Petty whin, Needl
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Myriophyllum alterniflorum. Alterna
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121Epilobium montanum x obscurum.Fo
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habitats.It lives up to the name of
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125,UPHORBIACEAEVlercurialis perenn
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Although one of Britain's tiniest p
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129*Oxalis articulata. Pink-sorrel.
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*Erodium cicutarium. Common stork's
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Widespread in Europe from the shore
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* Sison amomum. Stone parsley.Tetra
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137Centaurium pu/chellum. Lesser ce
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139CONVOLVULACEAEConvolvulus arvens
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141*Nymphoides pe/tata. Fringed wat
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Myosotis secunda (M. repens). Creep
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145Stachys 8lvensis. Field woundwor
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5cutellaria x hybrida (5. galericul
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Origanum vu/gare. Marjoram.Near Fis
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CALLlTRICHACEAE151Ca/litriche is a
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153Fraxinus excelsior. Ash.4 5Local
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~'Cymbalaria mural is. Ivy-leaved t
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157Veronica scutellata. Marsh speed
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159Sibthorpia europaea. Cornish mon
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161OROBANCHACEAEOrobanche rapum~gen
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163RUBIACEAESherardia arvensis. Mad
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165Viburnum OpUIU5.Guelder-rose, St
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167Valeriana officina/is 5.1. Commo
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169Cirsium vu/gate. Spear thistle.W
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171We suspect that Leontodon hispid
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173Mycelis muralis. Wall lettuce.Se
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175Taraxacum exceJlens.Scattered al
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177Taraxacum sinuatum.Recorded from
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179Crepis capillaris. Smooth hawk'
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181Hieracium. Hawkweeds.3134 5Hiera
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*So/idago gigantea. Early goldenrod
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ecorded with Chamaemelum are Matric
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*Senecio x albescens (S. cineraria
- Page 194 and 195: *Petasites japonicus. Giant butterb
- Page 196 and 197: *E1odea canadensis. Canadian waterw
- Page 198 and 199: Arum maculatum. Lords~and~ladies, C
- Page 200 and 201: Juncus x surrejanus (J. acutiflorus
- Page 202 and 203: fences or topography. It may domina
- Page 204 and 205: Eleocharis multicaulis. Many-stalke
- Page 206 and 207: A hybrid first described by Col em
- Page 208 and 209: 203Carex riparia. Greater pond~sedg
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- Page 212 and 213: 207Festuca pratensis. Meadow fescue
- Page 214 and 215: 209Cynosurus cristatus. Crested dog
- Page 216 and 217: 211Glyceria f/uitans. Floating swee
- Page 218 and 219: 213Deschampsia cespitosa. Tufted ha
- Page 220 and 221: Agrostis gigantea. Black bent.Tetra
- Page 222 and 223: 217Bromus lepidus. Slender soft~bro
- Page 224 and 225: * Triticum aestivum. Bread wheat.A
- Page 226 and 227: 221L1L1ACEAENarthecium ossifragum.
- Page 228 and 229: 223*Allium triquetrum. Three-Gornar
- Page 230 and 231: Trumpet length(mm)454035302520•
- Page 232 and 233: 227ORCHIDACEAEEpipactis purpurata.
- Page 234 and 235: een unable to refind any bog orchid
- Page 236 and 237: 231DactylorhizB praetermissa. South
- Page 238 and 239: Rachel A. Nicholson (1934-). Rachel
- Page 240 and 241: 235REFERENCESAbbas, M. H. (1979). S
- Page 242 and 243: Graham, G. G. & Primavesi, A. L. (1
- Page 246 and 247: GAZETTEER241This gazetteer has been
- Page 248 and 249: Smockfarthing 40.31Smuggler's car p
- Page 250 and 251: Asple adi+cuttr int~~~tl·Bteel SI!
- Page 252 and 253: Broad bean 111 Cardamine x hausskne
- Page 254 and 255: Fen bedstraw 163 Fumitory 46 Greate
- Page 256 and 257: Leucanthemum maximum 186 Many-flowe
- Page 258 and 259: Quercus ilex 50 Rorippa x ster/lis
- Page 260 and 261: Sticky mouse-ear 56 Thale cress 73