centre <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Forest</strong> on alluvial soils in <strong>the</strong> river valleys, for instance, <strong>the</strong> alder woodland at HindJeap (417.331), andSalisbury (1970) showed <strong>the</strong> pH <strong>of</strong> such alluvial soils was usually higher than <strong>the</strong> surrounding land due to nutrient drift.Helliwell (1980) also found that seedlings were unable to emerge through dense litter - hence it tends to grow on banks. Indense shade (6% <strong>of</strong> dayl'lght) it produces few flowers and little seed. Additional light in <strong>the</strong> spring can increase growth butsummer light levels have a dominant influence.Common and widespread in Sussex except near large areas <strong>of</strong> habitation, and widespread in Br'ltain, western andcentral Europe.Primula x polyantha (P. x tommasinii; P. veris x vulgaris). Common oxlip."In some districts, as I have seen near Hartfield in Sussex and in parts <strong>of</strong> Surrey, specimensmay be found on <strong>the</strong> borders <strong>of</strong> almost every field and small wood" (Darwin 1867).Spontaneous plants arose in <strong>the</strong> meadow at Braberry Hatch (428.296), 1994, MichaelTaite. The garden polyanthus is probably <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same origin but has been much modified by3 -++...-__--I.+_cultivation. It is occasionally planted in churchyards or on banks as at Legsheath Lane (39.32),Parrock Lane (446.344), near Oldlands Farm (47.26), all 1995, TR, and near Brown's Brook147.27), 1994, <strong>Flora</strong> meeting. Some plants have yellow flowers, o<strong>the</strong>rs coloured.4 5 Although primroses are usually pollinated by moths and cowslips by bumblebees (Darwin1867) <strong>the</strong>re are enough insects which visit both to get hybrids. Valentine (1979) noted that asviable seed was only obtained when P. veris was <strong>the</strong> seed parent <strong>the</strong> hybrids are usually found near to cowslip plants - asis <strong>the</strong> case with us at Braberry Hatch. Hybrids are recorded from throughout <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong> where <strong>the</strong> parents occur.83Primula veris. Cowslip.3 -++...-----'-/-4 5Occasional on <strong>the</strong> south-east Side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Forest</strong> (Hall 1980).Native plants are very rare, only occurring on a path side at Twyford (394.311), 1994,DB; meadow at Braberry Hatch (428.296), 1994, Michael Taite; private meadows at OldCherry Orchard (42.33), 1995, PS. Also noted by TR planted in several places on drive toSmockfarthing 140.31, 40.32), 1994; planted on verge outside Suntings 1462.327), 1995;near garden, Fairwarp 1470.263), 1993; verge outside Neaves Farm 1477.336), 1993.This plant occurs in old grassland on clayey and calcareous soils, hence is very locallydistributed in our area. It has declined dramatically in lowland Britain, and is now mainly foundon chalk. It is still widely distributed in England, and is much commoner in Europe.Lysimachia nemorum. Yellow pimpernel.Common on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Forest</strong> IHall 1980).Widespread in most areas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Forest</strong>, usually in damp and sometimes in quite wetwoodland.Widespread in <strong>the</strong> WeaJd and in Britain. Predominantly western in distribution in Europe.Lysimachia nummularia. Creeping-Jenny, Moneywort, Herb two-pence.<strong>Ashdown</strong> <strong>Forest</strong>, common, E. Jenner (Arnold 1887). Common on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Forest</strong> (Hall 1980).We have it scattered on ditch sides, wet grassland and near habitation (probably anescape from cultivation in <strong>the</strong> latter), and <strong>the</strong>re is a distinct cluster <strong>of</strong> records south <strong>of</strong> ChuckHatch possibly where <strong>the</strong> soils are a little more clayey. It occurs predominately in south-east3 lowland Britain on wet, clayey or calcareous soils, and is widespread in Europe.4 5*Lysimachia vulgaris. Yellow loosestrife.Recorded in tetrads 42T, 43L and 43R (Hall 1980), but surely over-recorded for L. punctata in<strong>the</strong> latter two tetrads?We only have one definite record, an introduced plant in bramble on dry ground oppositehouse, <strong>Forest</strong> Row 1423.340), 1995, DB & PD.3 -+-+-----Y- As a native species this occurs in calcareous fens, rivers ides and ditches. It is locallyfrequent in parts <strong>of</strong> lowland Britain, and more widespread on <strong>the</strong> continent and central Asia.4 5
84*Lysimachia punctata. Dotted loosestrife.This plant is quite widespread around habitation where it <strong>of</strong>ten survives when thrown out <strong>of</strong>gardens, and <strong>the</strong>re is a large, conspicuous patch by <strong>the</strong> A22 at Millbrook 1439.2961.It appears to be increasingly established in <strong>the</strong> wild, despite being apparently sterile(Clement & Foster 1994). It originates from Europe and south-west Asia.4 5Anagallis tenella. Bog pimpernel.On bogs on <strong>Ashdown</strong> <strong>Forest</strong>, common (Forster 1816). Bogs on <strong>Ashdown</strong> <strong>Forest</strong> (Coleman1836). Boggy places near Maresfield, W. C. Unwin, and <strong>Ashdown</strong> <strong>Forest</strong>, E. Jenner (Arnold• 1887). <strong>Ashdown</strong> <strong>Forest</strong> IDone 1914). <strong>Ashdown</strong> <strong>Forest</strong>, Miss P.Stockdale I<strong>the</strong> specimen inBEX is labelled <strong>Forest</strong> Row, August 1910); Coleman's Hatch, H. S. Salt; near Chuck Hatch, E.3 D. Morgan IWolley-Dod 1937). Near Kidbrooke Park, 1947, G. Dent IDent 1928-1953).South <strong>of</strong> Chuck Hatch, 1950s, FR. Near Nutley, 1957, R. A. Boniface IBRC). Tetrads 42N,43B and 43L IHall 1980).Now very scattered and isolated on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Forest</strong>. Large patches are present in a wet45grassland by <strong>the</strong> lake at <strong>the</strong> Isle <strong>of</strong> Thorns 1420.303 in both squares) where it is speciallymanaged, 1992 +, DS; frequent under Juncus at a spring by A22 opposite <strong>the</strong> entrance to Broadstone Warren (419.328),1995, TR; two large patches in maze <strong>of</strong> wet paths, Chelwood Corner 1427.287), 1994, TR; pond edge, Broadstone Farm1437.332), 1987, PD; golf course at <strong>Forest</strong> Row, at least three sites: (i) one large patch on ditch side (434.343)subsequently lost when ditch regraded, 1987, PS; (ii) stream side east <strong>of</strong> club house 1433.341), 1995, PS & TR; liii) twolarge patches each one metre long in ditch by path east <strong>of</strong> bridge Ic. 429.339), 1995, TR & PA; abundant in flush nowopened up by grazing, Millbrook 1445.297), 1993 +, NM et al.; one patch under rushes by path, near Dumpey's car park1445.327), 1983 +, CM & NM et al.; very small patch on margin <strong>of</strong> pond, Camp Hill 1468.298), 1988 & 1993, PW;standing water in brick structure in open heath north <strong>of</strong> Gills Lap (468.327), 1992, NM. It has also been recorded inwoodland "opened up" by <strong>the</strong> 1987 storm behind Three Chimneys, Twyford 1402.314), 1993, CM & NM, and nearI
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Flora of Ashdown Forest,-,;I
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Copyright Tim Rich, Pat Donovan, Pa
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe would like to th
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THE HABITATS OF ASH DOWN FOREST3His
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Near the bottom of all the non~wood
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Conopodium majusCrataegus laevigata
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Fincham (1995) published a small ph
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13ANAL VS IS OF THE FLORA DATAIn th
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15The number of different visits to
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17Hedgerows Disturbed/waste ground
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19The frequencies with which specie
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21(r~0.434, pO.l).-0.059,•300t350
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23A second type of comparison has b
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25Similarly, environmental variable
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SPECIES ACCOUNTS27Lat'1n names foll
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29EQUISETACEAEEquisetum f/uviatile.
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One plant on a vertical, north-faci
- Page 38 and 39: Viola pa/ustris in an open alder co
- Page 40 and 41: 35DRYOPTERIDACEAEPolystichum aculea
- Page 42 and 43: 37BLECHNACEAEBlechnum spicant. Hard
- Page 44 and 45: 39AngiospermsLAURACEAE* Laurus nobi
- Page 46 and 47: 41Ranunculus repens, Creeping butte
- Page 48 and 49: wet mud, small streams, ditches and
- Page 50 and 51: 45*Meconopsis cambrica. Welsh poppy
- Page 52 and 53: 47Ulmusx hollandica f?U. glabra x m
- Page 54 and 55: 49FAGACEAEFagus sylvatica. Beech.Fo
- Page 56 and 57: A special large oak at Chuck Hatch,
- Page 58 and 59: Cory/us avel/ana. Hazel.Recorded in
- Page 60 and 61: plants in the autumn; we have not r
- Page 62 and 63: Sagina procumbens. Procumbent pearl
- Page 64 and 65: 59*Saponaria officinalis. Soapwort,
- Page 66 and 67: 61Dolygonum arenastrum. Equal-leave
- Page 68 and 69: 63Rumex conglomeratus. Clustered do
- Page 70 and 71: 65Hypericum humifusum. Trailing S1
- Page 72 and 73: 67DROSERACEAEDrosera rotundifolia.
- Page 74 and 75: 69Viola laetea. Pale dog-violet.Thi
- Page 76 and 77: 71* Salix alba. White willow.3 -+-t
- Page 78 and 79: 73Salix repens var. repens (var. er
- Page 80 and 81: 75*Rorippa sylvestris. Creeping yel
- Page 82 and 83: 77* Thlaspi arvense. Field pennycre
- Page 84 and 85: 79aphanus raphanistrum. Wild radish
- Page 86 and 87: ica tetralix. Cross~leaved heath.As
- Page 90 and 91: It is predominantly a plant which o
- Page 92 and 93: 87SAXIFRAGACEAE[*Darmera pe/tata. I
- Page 94 and 95: 89insipid in flavour IHaskel1 1960)
- Page 96 and 97: 91ection Rubus. Subsection Hiemales
- Page 98 and 99: 93Rubus pr%ngatus.Nutley (45.27), 1
- Page 100 and 101: 95bus vestitus.Newbridge, 1969, B.
- Page 102 and 103: 97Rubus largificus.3 -+t--------'+_
- Page 104 and 105: Potentilla anserina. Silverweed.Com
- Page 106 and 107: 101Geum urbanum. Wood avens.Primari
- Page 108 and 109: 103osa x pseudorusticana fR. arvens
- Page 110 and 111: 105Prunus spinosa. Blackthorn, Wint
- Page 112 and 113: orbus aucuparia. Rowan, Mountain as
- Page 114 and 115: 109r*Crataegus persimilis. Broad-le
- Page 116 and 117: 111icia tetrasperma. Smooth tare.Fo
- Page 118 and 119: 113Trifolium rep ens. White clover"
- Page 120 and 121: 115Genista tinctoria. Dyer's greenw
- Page 122 and 123: *Genista anglica. Petty whin, Needl
- Page 124 and 125: Myriophyllum alterniflorum. Alterna
- Page 126 and 127: 121Epilobium montanum x obscurum.Fo
- Page 128 and 129: habitats.It lives up to the name of
- Page 130 and 131: 125,UPHORBIACEAEVlercurialis perenn
- Page 132 and 133: Although one of Britain's tiniest p
- Page 134 and 135: 129*Oxalis articulata. Pink-sorrel.
- Page 136 and 137: *Erodium cicutarium. Common stork's
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Widespread in Europe from the shore
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* Sison amomum. Stone parsley.Tetra
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137Centaurium pu/chellum. Lesser ce
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139CONVOLVULACEAEConvolvulus arvens
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141*Nymphoides pe/tata. Fringed wat
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Myosotis secunda (M. repens). Creep
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145Stachys 8lvensis. Field woundwor
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5cutellaria x hybrida (5. galericul
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Origanum vu/gare. Marjoram.Near Fis
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CALLlTRICHACEAE151Ca/litriche is a
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153Fraxinus excelsior. Ash.4 5Local
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~'Cymbalaria mural is. Ivy-leaved t
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157Veronica scutellata. Marsh speed
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159Sibthorpia europaea. Cornish mon
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161OROBANCHACEAEOrobanche rapum~gen
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163RUBIACEAESherardia arvensis. Mad
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165Viburnum OpUIU5.Guelder-rose, St
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167Valeriana officina/is 5.1. Commo
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169Cirsium vu/gate. Spear thistle.W
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171We suspect that Leontodon hispid
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173Mycelis muralis. Wall lettuce.Se
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175Taraxacum exceJlens.Scattered al
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177Taraxacum sinuatum.Recorded from
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179Crepis capillaris. Smooth hawk'
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181Hieracium. Hawkweeds.3134 5Hiera
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*So/idago gigantea. Early goldenrod
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ecorded with Chamaemelum are Matric
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*Senecio x albescens (S. cineraria
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*Petasites japonicus. Giant butterb
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*E1odea canadensis. Canadian waterw
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Arum maculatum. Lords~and~ladies, C
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Juncus x surrejanus (J. acutiflorus
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fences or topography. It may domina
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Eleocharis multicaulis. Many-stalke
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A hybrid first described by Col em
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203Carex riparia. Greater pond~sedg
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Material which initially looked lik
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207Festuca pratensis. Meadow fescue
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209Cynosurus cristatus. Crested dog
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211Glyceria f/uitans. Floating swee
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213Deschampsia cespitosa. Tufted ha
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Agrostis gigantea. Black bent.Tetra
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217Bromus lepidus. Slender soft~bro
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* Triticum aestivum. Bread wheat.A
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221L1L1ACEAENarthecium ossifragum.
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223*Allium triquetrum. Three-Gornar
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Trumpet length(mm)454035302520•
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227ORCHIDACEAEEpipactis purpurata.
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een unable to refind any bog orchid
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231DactylorhizB praetermissa. South
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Rachel A. Nicholson (1934-). Rachel
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235REFERENCESAbbas, M. H. (1979). S
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Graham, G. G. & Primavesi, A. L. (1
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Rich, T. C. G. & Smith, P. A. (1996
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GAZETTEER241This gazetteer has been
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Smockfarthing 40.31Smuggler's car p
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Asple adi+cuttr int~~~tl·Bteel SI!
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Broad bean 111 Cardamine x hausskne
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Fen bedstraw 163 Fumitory 46 Greate
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Leucanthemum maximum 186 Many-flowe
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Quercus ilex 50 Rorippa x ster/lis
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Sticky mouse-ear 56 Thale cress 73