A hybrid first described by Col em an (1849). Scattered throughout Britain where <strong>the</strong> parents meet but not common,and quite rare in Sussex, Frequent in Europe.Carex x ludibunda (C. panicu/ata x curta),A single tuft was found at Newbridge Bog by FR and J. R. Warlis in 1944 and was tentatively identified by E. Nelmesbut <strong>the</strong> specimen was lost (Hall 1980); <strong>the</strong> herbarium specimen has recently been refound and confirmed by A. O.Chater (Rose 1995). It was searched for at Newbridge in 1994 and 1995, but was not refound.A rare hybrid recorded in East Sussex and Wales.201Carex otrubae. False fox~sedge.Tetrad 43M (Hall 1980).One plant on sou<strong>the</strong>rn edge <strong>of</strong> dryish grassland area, Goat cross-roads (403.326),1994, TR; possibly planted by new pond, Pippingford Park (44.30), 1993, SBRS; pond3 --++---''"----'-fat<strong>Ashdown</strong> Park (431.320), 1995, TR & PA.It occurs on <strong>the</strong> sides <strong>of</strong> ditches, ponds and streams, on damp and seasonally4 5inundated clayey soils. In Sussex it is noticeably most frequent on <strong>the</strong> Weald Clay. It iswidespread in lowland Britain, common in <strong>the</strong> south but restricted to <strong>the</strong> coast in <strong>the</strong>north. Widespread in Europe except <strong>the</strong> north, and in Asia.Carex spicata. Spiked sedge.Tetrad 42T (Hall 1980).A few plants scattered along Ridge Road between <strong>the</strong> <strong>Forest</strong> Centre and WychCross (42.32, 43.32), 1993, TR & EL; A22 verge at Millbrook bottom (442.286), a very3 -+t-------'+_dangerous site due to traffic, 1995, TR; Duddleswell (46.28), 1993, PD; near RadioStation (47.28), 1994, <strong>Flora</strong> meeting; one plant by main track in Five Hundred Acre4 5Wood (489.326), 1995, PW.Locally distributed on road verges and in grassland in Sussex and lowland Britain,<strong>of</strong>ten on heavier soils than o<strong>the</strong>r members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> C. muricata group. It is increasing inEngland (Rich & Woodruff 1996). Widespread in Europe except <strong>the</strong> north and around<strong>the</strong> Mediterranean, western Asia and North Africa.Carex muricata subsp. lamprocarpa. Prickly sedge.Six plants on dry, trampled grassy verge by lay-by just south <strong>of</strong> King's Standing(473.301), 1995, PW (confirmed A. O. Chater), where fruit and flower production seemsvery low; near Camp Hill (46.29), 1995, RN. The pH on <strong>the</strong> verge at King's Standingwas pH 7.0, surprisingly high for a reputed calcifuge.3 -++---....'-...L-f-The plants look like a small C. spica ta, but ~ave rounded short ligules instead <strong>of</strong>longer V-shaped ones.It typically occurs on banks and heaths on open situations, and is much more4 5frequent on <strong>the</strong> Lower Greensand soils in <strong>the</strong> Weald than in our area. It is widespreadbut rarely common in Britain, and mainly occurs in south and west Europe. It is als<strong>of</strong>ound in western Asia and North AfricaCarex divulsa subsp. divulsa. Grey sedge.Five tetrads on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Forest</strong> (Hall 1980).Frequent around <strong>the</strong> <strong>Forest</strong>, usually on verges and road banks, more rarely inmeadows. It can be locally abundant, as on <strong>the</strong> verge outside Boringwheel Mill(456.263), pH 7.4 or along Ridge Road (42.32), 1995, TR. One plant near Chuck Hatchhad an inflorescence 180 cm tall in 1993, PD. No plants <strong>of</strong> subsp. leers;; have been4 5found.It is widespread on a range <strong>of</strong> soils in warm open situations in Sussex and Britain,and may be increasing in England (Rich & Woodruff 1996). It is quite widespread inEurope, Asia and North Africa.Carex remota. Remote sedge.Common on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Forest</strong> (Hall 1980).Locally frequent in wet, soggy places around <strong>the</strong> <strong>Forest</strong>, usually where it is shaded,and down <strong>the</strong> sides <strong>of</strong> streams. One <strong>of</strong> our commonest sedges.Widespread in Sussex and locally common in Britain especially in <strong>the</strong> west.Widespread in Europe and north-west Africa.
202Carex ovalis. Oval sedge.Frequent on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Forest</strong> (Hall 1980),Locally frequent in grassland and by car parks, <strong>of</strong>ten where it is slightly open anddisturbed. It occurs on poorly drained, seasonally wet, generally acidic soils.It is frequent on <strong>the</strong> Tunbridge Wells Sands in Sussex and rarer elsewhere inunimproved situations. Widespread in Britain and Europe. Also found in temperate Asiaand <strong>the</strong> North African mountains.Carex echinata (C. stellulata), Star sedge.<strong>Ashdown</strong> <strong>Forest</strong>, E, Jenner (Arnold 1887), Frequent on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Forest</strong> (Hall 1980),Locally distributed on wet, acidic soils and in Sphagnum bogs, <strong>of</strong>ten where it isslightly disturbed and open, rarely in abundance. Frequent in <strong>the</strong> coppice area atNewbridge after clearance, presumably reappearing from buried seed.Local on bogs and heaths in Sussex, and probably most frequent in <strong>Ashdown</strong><strong>Forest</strong>. Locally abundant in nor<strong>the</strong>rn and western Britain but uncommon in <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>ast.Widespread in much <strong>of</strong> Europe, temperate Asia, North Africa and North America.Carex curta (C. canescens). White sedge.Newbridge, Miss K, Pickard (Wolley-Dod 1937), Tetrad 43L (Hall 1980),Not seen for many years at Newbridge as most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> alder woodland had grownvery dense and shaded but in 1995, about 18 months after an area <strong>of</strong> alder had beencoppiced, <strong>the</strong>re were about 50-100 plants in <strong>the</strong> south-west corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> clearing,3 --+I'"------'--tgrowingintimately mixed with C. paniculata and C. echinata in wet, iron-stained swamp(458,323), TR & PW; flush at Isle <strong>of</strong> Thorns (419,303), 1995, TR & PA, The plants areslightly greyish in colour and erect, and seem to flower and fruit early with ripe fruits4 5 dropping at <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> June; <strong>the</strong>y <strong>the</strong>n become very inconspicuous.In Sussex very local on wet boggy and sandy heaths. Locally frequent in nor<strong>the</strong>rnand western Britain but very uncommon and restricted to heaths in <strong>the</strong> south-east. Widespread in Europe except <strong>the</strong>south, and found in Asia, and North and South America.Carex hirta. Hairy sedge.5Five tetrads around <strong>the</strong> <strong>Forest</strong> (Hall 1980),Scattered around on road verges and pastures, but not common. It <strong>of</strong>ten grows ondisturbed places on clayey soils, as for instance along <strong>the</strong> verges between Nutley andChelwood Gate (437,284), pH 6,3-6.4, The creeping rhizomes and hairy leaves, or atleast hairy sheaths, distinguish this species from o<strong>the</strong>r sedges on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Forest</strong>.Locally frequent throughout Sussex, <strong>of</strong>ten in damp or water-logged places.Widespread in lowland Britain; Europe except <strong>the</strong> north, and North Africa.Carex acutiformis. lesser pond-sedge.Abundant on north side <strong>of</strong> lake at <strong>Ashdown</strong> Park Hotel (431 ,320), 1995, TR & PA,Locally frequent in Sussex in standing water along river and stream sides and inditches and ponds. It occurs on moderately nutrient-rich, circumneutral substrates on<strong>the</strong> margins <strong>of</strong> slow-moving and standing lowland waters and wet hollows in flood3 -++-___----.J'+_meadows. The water level may be up to about 20 cm above <strong>the</strong> substrate.It is widespread in lowland Britain and more widespread than <strong>the</strong> following specieswhich grows in similar places to it. Widespread in Europe, temperate Asia and NorthAfrica.4 5
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Flora of Ashdown Forest,-,;I
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Copyright Tim Rich, Pat Donovan, Pa
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe would like to th
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THE HABITATS OF ASH DOWN FOREST3His
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Near the bottom of all the non~wood
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Conopodium majusCrataegus laevigata
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Fincham (1995) published a small ph
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13ANAL VS IS OF THE FLORA DATAIn th
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15The number of different visits to
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17Hedgerows Disturbed/waste ground
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19The frequencies with which specie
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21(r~0.434, pO.l).-0.059,•300t350
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23A second type of comparison has b
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25Similarly, environmental variable
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SPECIES ACCOUNTS27Lat'1n names foll
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29EQUISETACEAEEquisetum f/uviatile.
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One plant on a vertical, north-faci
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Viola pa/ustris in an open alder co
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35DRYOPTERIDACEAEPolystichum aculea
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37BLECHNACEAEBlechnum spicant. Hard
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39AngiospermsLAURACEAE* Laurus nobi
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41Ranunculus repens, Creeping butte
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wet mud, small streams, ditches and
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45*Meconopsis cambrica. Welsh poppy
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47Ulmusx hollandica f?U. glabra x m
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49FAGACEAEFagus sylvatica. Beech.Fo
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A special large oak at Chuck Hatch,
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Cory/us avel/ana. Hazel.Recorded in
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plants in the autumn; we have not r
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Sagina procumbens. Procumbent pearl
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59*Saponaria officinalis. Soapwort,
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61Dolygonum arenastrum. Equal-leave
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63Rumex conglomeratus. Clustered do
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65Hypericum humifusum. Trailing S1
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67DROSERACEAEDrosera rotundifolia.
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69Viola laetea. Pale dog-violet.Thi
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71* Salix alba. White willow.3 -+-t
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73Salix repens var. repens (var. er
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75*Rorippa sylvestris. Creeping yel
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77* Thlaspi arvense. Field pennycre
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79aphanus raphanistrum. Wild radish
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ica tetralix. Cross~leaved heath.As
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centre of the Forest on alluvial so
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It is predominantly a plant which o
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87SAXIFRAGACEAE[*Darmera pe/tata. I
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89insipid in flavour IHaskel1 1960)
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91ection Rubus. Subsection Hiemales
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93Rubus pr%ngatus.Nutley (45.27), 1
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95bus vestitus.Newbridge, 1969, B.
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97Rubus largificus.3 -+t--------'+_
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Potentilla anserina. Silverweed.Com
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101Geum urbanum. Wood avens.Primari
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103osa x pseudorusticana fR. arvens
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105Prunus spinosa. Blackthorn, Wint
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orbus aucuparia. Rowan, Mountain as
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109r*Crataegus persimilis. Broad-le
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111icia tetrasperma. Smooth tare.Fo
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113Trifolium rep ens. White clover"
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115Genista tinctoria. Dyer's greenw
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*Genista anglica. Petty whin, Needl
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Myriophyllum alterniflorum. Alterna
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121Epilobium montanum x obscurum.Fo
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habitats.It lives up to the name of
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125,UPHORBIACEAEVlercurialis perenn
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Although one of Britain's tiniest p
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129*Oxalis articulata. Pink-sorrel.
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*Erodium cicutarium. Common stork's
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Widespread in Europe from the shore
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* Sison amomum. Stone parsley.Tetra
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137Centaurium pu/chellum. Lesser ce
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139CONVOLVULACEAEConvolvulus arvens
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141*Nymphoides pe/tata. Fringed wat
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Myosotis secunda (M. repens). Creep
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145Stachys 8lvensis. Field woundwor
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5cutellaria x hybrida (5. galericul
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Origanum vu/gare. Marjoram.Near Fis
- Page 156 and 157: CALLlTRICHACEAE151Ca/litriche is a
- Page 158 and 159: 153Fraxinus excelsior. Ash.4 5Local
- Page 160 and 161: ~'Cymbalaria mural is. Ivy-leaved t
- Page 162 and 163: 157Veronica scutellata. Marsh speed
- Page 164 and 165: 159Sibthorpia europaea. Cornish mon
- Page 166 and 167: 161OROBANCHACEAEOrobanche rapum~gen
- Page 168 and 169: 163RUBIACEAESherardia arvensis. Mad
- Page 170 and 171: 165Viburnum OpUIU5.Guelder-rose, St
- Page 172 and 173: 167Valeriana officina/is 5.1. Commo
- Page 174 and 175: 169Cirsium vu/gate. Spear thistle.W
- Page 176 and 177: 171We suspect that Leontodon hispid
- Page 178 and 179: 173Mycelis muralis. Wall lettuce.Se
- Page 180 and 181: 175Taraxacum exceJlens.Scattered al
- Page 182 and 183: 177Taraxacum sinuatum.Recorded from
- Page 184 and 185: 179Crepis capillaris. Smooth hawk'
- Page 186 and 187: 181Hieracium. Hawkweeds.3134 5Hiera
- Page 188 and 189: *So/idago gigantea. Early goldenrod
- Page 190 and 191: ecorded with Chamaemelum are Matric
- Page 192 and 193: *Senecio x albescens (S. cineraria
- Page 194 and 195: *Petasites japonicus. Giant butterb
- Page 196 and 197: *E1odea canadensis. Canadian waterw
- Page 198 and 199: Arum maculatum. Lords~and~ladies, C
- Page 200 and 201: Juncus x surrejanus (J. acutiflorus
- Page 202 and 203: fences or topography. It may domina
- Page 204 and 205: Eleocharis multicaulis. Many-stalke
- Page 208 and 209: 203Carex riparia. Greater pond~sedg
- Page 210 and 211: Material which initially looked lik
- Page 212 and 213: 207Festuca pratensis. Meadow fescue
- Page 214 and 215: 209Cynosurus cristatus. Crested dog
- Page 216 and 217: 211Glyceria f/uitans. Floating swee
- Page 218 and 219: 213Deschampsia cespitosa. Tufted ha
- Page 220 and 221: Agrostis gigantea. Black bent.Tetra
- Page 222 and 223: 217Bromus lepidus. Slender soft~bro
- Page 224 and 225: * Triticum aestivum. Bread wheat.A
- Page 226 and 227: 221L1L1ACEAENarthecium ossifragum.
- Page 228 and 229: 223*Allium triquetrum. Three-Gornar
- Page 230 and 231: Trumpet length(mm)454035302520•
- Page 232 and 233: 227ORCHIDACEAEEpipactis purpurata.
- Page 234 and 235: een unable to refind any bog orchid
- Page 236 and 237: 231DactylorhizB praetermissa. South
- Page 238 and 239: Rachel A. Nicholson (1934-). Rachel
- Page 240 and 241: 235REFERENCESAbbas, M. H. (1979). S
- Page 242 and 243: Graham, G. G. & Primavesi, A. L. (1
- Page 244 and 245: Rich, T. C. G. & Smith, P. A. (1996
- Page 246 and 247: GAZETTEER241This gazetteer has been
- Page 248 and 249: Smockfarthing 40.31Smuggler's car p
- Page 250 and 251: Asple adi+cuttr int~~~tl·Bteel SI!
- Page 252 and 253: Broad bean 111 Cardamine x hausskne
- Page 254 and 255: Fen bedstraw 163 Fumitory 46 Greate
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Leucanthemum maximum 186 Many-flowe
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Quercus ilex 50 Rorippa x ster/lis
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Sticky mouse-ear 56 Thale cress 73