Flora of Ashdown Forest - Botanical Society of the British Isles

More documents

Recommendations

Info

49FAGACEAEFagus sylvatica. Beech.Found in the Forest Row tetrad where it was missing in Hall (1980), and certainly missingfrom only one square in our survey where there are virtually no trees, 1995, AI
50*Quercus cerris. Turkey oak.Five tetrad records in Hall (1980), only one of which matches our records. We have recordedit mainly in the Pippingford Park - Old Lodge area as trees with occasional saplings, and asisolated trees elsewhere.It is widely planted for timber and grows rapidly. In some areas of Britain it is very4 5invasive and may be as common as the pedunculate oak, but does not appear to be spreadingsignificantly on the Forest. It is an introduced species in Britain, but occurs naturally fromsouthern Europe eastwards to Asia.Turkey oak is easily distinguished from the other oaks by the acorn cups which have longhairs or scales. The leaves are hairy and very variable, ranging from shaliowly to deeply lobed.It hybridises with pedunculate oak elsewhere in southern Britain, but hybrids have not yet been recorded in our area.No knopper galls (caused by the insect Andricus quercusalicis) have been noted in 1993-1995 on the Forest - theepidemic of the 1980s has come under control naturally by parasites and parasitoids (Q. cerris is the secondary host).*Quercus i/ex. Evergreen oak.One mature tree in woodland from Twyford area (394.311), 1995, DB but no seedlings noted.This species is native in southern Europe, especially on limestone, and is becoming naturalizedin similar places in Britain (e.g. Isle of Wig ht, Torquay). Fortunately it is frost sensitive andrarely invasive inland or on acidic soils and is unlikely to invade the Forest, though it is3 increasing in England (Rich & Woodruff 1996).4 5auercus petraea. Sessile oak.In wood between Hartfield and Forest Row, E. Forster IWolley·Dod 1937} but probablyoutside our area. Four tetrads in Hall (1980) but none match our records and surely overrecorded?3-+j----Y-The main population on the Forest occurs in the ghyll west of Duddleswell 1458.284},where it may be relict from the original woodland cover. There is also a record from near4 5Goat cross·roads, 1987, PW Iwhich could not be found in 1993·1995} and trees growoutside the Forest at Furnace Wood (473.262) where they are quite frequent and areregenerating. Elsewhere in Sussex it is scattered ar.rn.ss the Weald, generally on acidic soilsand in rocky woods.Sessile oak differs from pedunculate oak by having many shallow lobes on the leaves, and acorns on stalks usuallyless than 2 cm long. It is commonest in western Britain but is widespread on the Continent.auercus X rosacea (a. petraea x rabur). Hybrid oak.3 -1--1-----4-Hybrids between the pedunculate oak and the sessile oak have mixed characters from bothparents, and where to draw the line between them is a matter of opinion (see Rich & Rich1988). Good examples of hybrids have been recorded at Duddleswell with both parents(458.284), and the edge of Moulden Wood near Poundgate 1497.283}. Hybrids are wellknown in Britain and Europe, and may occur with or without parents.4 5Quercus rabur. Pedunculate oak.Ubiquitous in both Hall (1980) and our survey, and widespread in Britain and Europe. This isthe commonest oak on the Forest, and has leaves with 4-6 deep lobes on each side, and;acorns on stalks more than 2 cm long. It is also one of the commonest trees, often invadingheathland as well as being a natural component of the woodlands. It is very common in3Sussex, Britain and Europe .••Oak has probably always been an important product of the Forest - though its currentabundance is primarily due to the absence of grazing - and it was protected from the right of4 5 estovers. Oaks were widely used for charcoal for the blast furnaces (Coleman's Hatch mayrefer to 'cole', or charcoal) and were an important source of income and revenue on theForest (see AFN 22: 3-4 and 23: 5-7). Acorns, with beech mast, may have been important for pannage for pigs andpiglets, and they were collected to be fed to pigs by Mrs E. Vernon of Horney Common (pers. comm. to MR). Many largetrees were blown over during the 1987 storm when one third of the 1500 acres of high woodland was lost, and the timberwas sold for veneer and hardwood frames (AFN 15: 2-4). Some large trees may even have nests of wild bees.
Page 1 and 2:
Flora of Ashdown Forest,-,;I
Page 3 and 4: Copyright Tim Rich, Pat Donovan, Pa
Page 5: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe would like to th
Page 8 and 9: THE HABITATS OF ASH DOWN FOREST3His
Page 12 and 13: Near the bottom of all the non~wood
Page 14 and 15: Conopodium majusCrataegus laevigata
Page 16 and 17: Fincham (1995) published a small ph
Page 18 and 19: 13ANAL VS IS OF THE FLORA DATAIn th
Page 20 and 21: 15The number of different visits to
Page 22 and 23: 17Hedgerows Disturbed/waste ground
Page 24 and 25: 19The frequencies with which specie
Page 26 and 27: 21(r~0.434, pO.l).-0.059,•300t350
Page 28 and 29: 23A second type of comparison has b
Page 30 and 31: 25Similarly, environmental variable
Page 32 and 33: SPECIES ACCOUNTS27Lat'1n names foll
Page 34 and 35: 29EQUISETACEAEEquisetum f/uviatile.
Page 36 and 37: One plant on a vertical, north-faci
Page 38 and 39: Viola pa/ustris in an open alder co
Page 40 and 41: 35DRYOPTERIDACEAEPolystichum aculea
Page 42 and 43: 37BLECHNACEAEBlechnum spicant. Hard
Page 44 and 45: 39AngiospermsLAURACEAE* Laurus nobi
Page 46 and 47: 41Ranunculus repens, Creeping butte
Page 48 and 49: wet mud, small streams, ditches and
Page 50 and 51: 45*Meconopsis cambrica. Welsh poppy
Page 52 and 53: 47Ulmusx hollandica f?U. glabra x m
Page 56 and 57: A special large oak at Chuck Hatch,
Page 58 and 59: Cory/us avel/ana. Hazel.Recorded in
Page 60 and 61: plants in the autumn; we have not r
Page 62 and 63: Sagina procumbens. Procumbent pearl
Page 64 and 65: 59*Saponaria officinalis. Soapwort,
Page 66 and 67: 61Dolygonum arenastrum. Equal-leave
Page 68 and 69: 63Rumex conglomeratus. Clustered do
Page 70 and 71: 65Hypericum humifusum. Trailing S1
Page 72 and 73: 67DROSERACEAEDrosera rotundifolia.
Page 74 and 75: 69Viola laetea. Pale dog-violet.Thi
Page 76 and 77: 71* Salix alba. White willow.3 -+-t
Page 78 and 79: 73Salix repens var. repens (var. er
Page 80 and 81: 75*Rorippa sylvestris. Creeping yel
Page 82 and 83: 77* Thlaspi arvense. Field pennycre
Page 84 and 85: 79aphanus raphanistrum. Wild radish
Page 86 and 87: ica tetralix. Cross~leaved heath.As
Page 88 and 89: centre of the Forest on alluvial so
Page 90 and 91: It is predominantly a plant which o
Page 92 and 93: 87SAXIFRAGACEAE[*Darmera pe/tata. I
Page 94 and 95: 89insipid in flavour IHaskel1 1960)
Page 96 and 97: 91ection Rubus. Subsection Hiemales
Page 98 and 99: 93Rubus pr%ngatus.Nutley (45.27), 1
Page 100 and 101: 95bus vestitus.Newbridge, 1969, B.
Page 102 and 103: 97Rubus largificus.3 -+t--------'+_
Page 104 and 105:
Potentilla anserina. Silverweed.Com
Page 106 and 107:
101Geum urbanum. Wood avens.Primari
Page 108 and 109:
103osa x pseudorusticana fR. arvens
Page 110 and 111:
105Prunus spinosa. Blackthorn, Wint
Page 112 and 113:
orbus aucuparia. Rowan, Mountain as
Page 114 and 115:
109r*Crataegus persimilis. Broad-le
Page 116 and 117:
111icia tetrasperma. Smooth tare.Fo
Page 118 and 119:
113Trifolium rep ens. White clover"
Page 120 and 121:
115Genista tinctoria. Dyer's greenw
Page 122 and 123:
*Genista anglica. Petty whin, Needl
Page 124 and 125:
Myriophyllum alterniflorum. Alterna
Page 126 and 127:
121Epilobium montanum x obscurum.Fo
Page 128 and 129:
habitats.It lives up to the name of
Page 130 and 131:
125,UPHORBIACEAEVlercurialis perenn
Page 132 and 133:
Although one of Britain's tiniest p
Page 134 and 135:
129*Oxalis articulata. Pink-sorrel.
Page 136 and 137:
*Erodium cicutarium. Common stork's
Page 138 and 139:
Widespread in Europe from the shore
Page 140 and 141:
* Sison amomum. Stone parsley.Tetra
Page 142 and 143:
137Centaurium pu/chellum. Lesser ce
Page 144 and 145:
139CONVOLVULACEAEConvolvulus arvens
Page 146 and 147:
141*Nymphoides pe/tata. Fringed wat
Page 148 and 149:
Myosotis secunda (M. repens). Creep
Page 150 and 151:
145Stachys 8lvensis. Field woundwor
Page 152 and 153:
5cutellaria x hybrida (5. galericul
Page 154 and 155:
Origanum vu/gare. Marjoram.Near Fis
Page 156 and 157:
CALLlTRICHACEAE151Ca/litriche is a
Page 158 and 159:
153Fraxinus excelsior. Ash.4 5Local
Page 160 and 161:
~'Cymbalaria mural is. Ivy-leaved t
Page 162 and 163:
157Veronica scutellata. Marsh speed
Page 164 and 165:
159Sibthorpia europaea. Cornish mon
Page 166 and 167:
161OROBANCHACEAEOrobanche rapum~gen
Page 168 and 169:
163RUBIACEAESherardia arvensis. Mad
Page 170 and 171:
165Viburnum OpUIU5.Guelder-rose, St
Page 172 and 173:
167Valeriana officina/is 5.1. Commo
Page 174 and 175:
169Cirsium vu/gate. Spear thistle.W
Page 176 and 177:
171We suspect that Leontodon hispid
Page 178 and 179:
173Mycelis muralis. Wall lettuce.Se
Page 180 and 181:
175Taraxacum exceJlens.Scattered al
Page 182 and 183:
177Taraxacum sinuatum.Recorded from
Page 184 and 185:
179Crepis capillaris. Smooth hawk'
Page 186 and 187:
181Hieracium. Hawkweeds.3134 5Hiera
Page 188 and 189:
*So/idago gigantea. Early goldenrod
Page 190 and 191:
ecorded with Chamaemelum are Matric
Page 192 and 193:
*Senecio x albescens (S. cineraria
Page 194 and 195:
*Petasites japonicus. Giant butterb
Page 196 and 197:
*E1odea canadensis. Canadian waterw
Page 198 and 199:
Arum maculatum. Lords~and~ladies, C
Page 200 and 201:
Juncus x surrejanus (J. acutiflorus
Page 202 and 203:
fences or topography. It may domina
Page 204 and 205:
Eleocharis multicaulis. Many-stalke
Page 206 and 207:
A hybrid first described by Col em
Page 208 and 209:
203Carex riparia. Greater pond~sedg
Page 210 and 211:
Material which initially looked lik
Page 212 and 213:
207Festuca pratensis. Meadow fescue
Page 214 and 215:
209Cynosurus cristatus. Crested dog
Page 216 and 217:
211Glyceria f/uitans. Floating swee
Page 218 and 219:
213Deschampsia cespitosa. Tufted ha
Page 220 and 221:
Agrostis gigantea. Black bent.Tetra
Page 222 and 223:
217Bromus lepidus. Slender soft~bro
Page 224 and 225:
* Triticum aestivum. Bread wheat.A
Page 226 and 227:
221L1L1ACEAENarthecium ossifragum.
Page 228 and 229:
223*Allium triquetrum. Three-Gornar
Page 230 and 231:
Trumpet length(mm)454035302520•
Page 232 and 233:
227ORCHIDACEAEEpipactis purpurata.
Page 234 and 235:
een unable to refind any bog orchid
Page 236 and 237:
231DactylorhizB praetermissa. South
Page 238 and 239:
Rachel A. Nicholson (1934-). Rachel
Page 240 and 241:
235REFERENCESAbbas, M. H. (1979). S
Page 242 and 243:
Graham, G. G. & Primavesi, A. L. (1
Page 244 and 245:
Rich, T. C. G. & Smith, P. A. (1996
Page 246 and 247:
GAZETTEER241This gazetteer has been
Page 248 and 249:
Smockfarthing 40.31Smuggler's car p
Page 250 and 251:
Asple adi+cuttr int~~~tl·Bteel SI!
Page 252 and 253:
Broad bean 111 Cardamine x hausskne
Page 254 and 255:
Fen bedstraw 163 Fumitory 46 Greate
Page 256 and 257:
Leucanthemum maximum 186 Many-flowe
Page 258 and 259:
Quercus ilex 50 Rorippa x ster/lis
Page 260 and 261:
Sticky mouse-ear 56 Thale cress 73
show all

Flora of Ashdown Forest - Botanical Society of the British Isles

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?