Graham, G. G. & Primavesi, A. L. (1993). Roses <strong>of</strong> Great Britain and Ireland. BSBI Handbook no. 7. BSBI, London.Grigson, G. (1955). The Englishman's flora. J. M. Dent & Sons, London.Grime, J. P., Hodgson, J. G. & Hunt, R. (1988). Comparative plant ecologv. Unwin Hyman, London.Haes, E. C. M. (1977). Natural historv <strong>of</strong> Sussex. Flare Books, Hassocks.Hall, P. C. (1980). Sussex plant atlas. Booth Museum, Brighton.Hanbury, F. J. & Marshall, E. S. (1899). <strong>Flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> Kent. London.Hanbury, F. J. (1917). A Sussex rock garden. Journal RoVal Horticultural Societv 42: 271-282.Harding, E. M. (1932). Pinguicula vulgaris L. Rep. BEC 10: 107.Harding, E. M. (1932). Pinguicula vulgaris L. Report <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Botanical</strong> and Exchange Club <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong> 10: 107.Haskell, G. (1960). The raspberry wild in Britain. Watsonia 4: 238-255.Headley, A. D. (1994). LVcopodiella inundata. In Stewart, Pearman & Preston (1994)' loc. cit.He!liwell, D. R. (1980). Germination and growth <strong>of</strong> Primula vulgaris Huds. Watsonia 13: 41-47.Hemsley, W. B. (1875). An outline <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> flora <strong>of</strong> Sussex. Journal <strong>of</strong> Botanv, n .S. 4, Appendix: 1-34.Henderson, D. M. (1994), A new spiral variant <strong>of</strong> Juncus effusus L. (Juncaceae), Watsonia 19: 133-134.Hill, D. A., Roberts, P. & Stork, N. (1990). Densities and biomass <strong>of</strong> invertebrates in stands <strong>of</strong> rotation ally managedcoppice woodland. Biological Conservation 51: 167-176.Hintikka, V. (1987). Germination ecology <strong>of</strong> Galeopsis bifida (Lamiaceaej as a pioneer species in forest succession. Si/vaFennica 21: 301-313.Hintikka, V. (1990). Germination ecology and survival strategy <strong>of</strong> Rumex acetosella (Polygonaceae) on drought-exposedrock outcrops in South Finland. Ann. Bot. Fennici 27: 205-215.Howkins, C. (1994). Trees, herbs and charcoal-burners. Privately published, Weybridge.Hubbard, C. E. (1984). Grasses. 3rd ed., revised by J. C. E. Hubbard. Penguin Books. London.Humphries, C. J. & Shaughnessy, E. (1987). Gorse. Shire Natural History series, no. 9. Princes Risborough.Hutchinson, T. C. (1968). Biological <strong>Flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>. Teucrium scorodonia L. Journal <strong>of</strong> EcologV 56: 901-911.Imms, A. D. (1947). Insect natural history. New Naturalist. Collins, London.Inghe, O. & Tamm, C. O. (1985). Survival and flowering <strong>of</strong> perennial herbs. IV. The behaviour <strong>of</strong> Hepatica nobilis andSanicula europaea on permanent plots during 1943-1981. Dikos 45: 400-420.Ingwersen, W. T. (1951). Wild flowers in <strong>the</strong> garden. Ge<strong>of</strong>frey Bles.Irons, J. K. (1982). Aspects <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> impact <strong>of</strong> man on <strong>the</strong> historical ecology <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ashdown</strong> <strong>Forest</strong>, Sussex before 1855.PhD Thesis, University <strong>of</strong> Sussex.Jaccard, P. (1908). Nouvelles recherches sur la distribution florales. Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise Sciences Naturelles44: 223-270.Jarvis, M. G. et al. (1984). Soils and <strong>the</strong>ir use in South East England. Soils Survey <strong>of</strong> England and Wales Bulletin no. 15.Soil Survey, Harpenden.Jenner, J. H. A. (1845). <strong>Flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> Tunbridge Wells, being a list <strong>of</strong> indigenous plants within a radius <strong>of</strong> fifteen miles aroundthat place. J. Colbran, Tunbridge Wells.Jenks, O. C. (1967). The vegetation <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ashdown</strong> <strong>Forest</strong>: past, present and future with some notes on management. PhDThesis, University <strong>of</strong> Wales.Jermy, A. C., Arnold, H. R., Farrell, L. & Perring, F. H. (1978). Atlas <strong>of</strong> ferns <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>. BSBI and BPS, London.Jermy, A. C., Chater, A. O. & David, R. W. (1982). Sedges <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>. 2nd ed. BSBI. London.Jermy, A. C. (1994). Pilularia globulifera L. and Thelypteris palustris Schott. In Stewart, Pearman & Preston (1994). lac.cit.Jobling, J. (1990). Poplars for wood production and amenity. <strong>Forest</strong>ry Commission Bulletin 92. HMSO. London.Johnstone, V. A. (1994). Hvoscyamus niger L. In Stewart, Pearman & Preston (1994), loc. cit.Kay, Q. O. N. (1971). Biological <strong>Flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>. An<strong>the</strong>mis cotula L. Journal <strong>of</strong> EcologV 59: 623-636.Kay, Q. O. N. & John, R. F. (1995). The conservation <strong>of</strong> scarce and declining plant species in lowland Wales: populationgenetics, demographic ecology and recommendations for future conservation in 32 species <strong>of</strong> grassland and relatedhabitats. Countryside Council for Wales Science report no 110. March 1995.Kelly, D. L. (1990). Cornus sericea L. in Ireland: an incipient weed <strong>of</strong> wetlands. Watsonia 18: 33-36.Kent, D. H. & Alien, D. E. (1984). <strong>British</strong> and Irish herbaria. BSBI, London.Kik, C., Andel, J. van, Delden, W. van, Joenje, W. & Bijlsma, R. (1990). Colonization and differentiation in <strong>the</strong> clonalperennial Agrostis stolonifera. Journal <strong>of</strong> Ecology 78: 949-961.Kirby, P. (1992). Habitat management for invertebrates: a practical handbook. RSPB, Sandy.Kirschner, J. & Rich, T. C. G. (1993). A note on Luzula section Luzula (Juncaceae) in Ireland with special reference toLuzula pal/idula Kirschner. Irish Naturalists' Journal, 24: 297-298.Kirschner, J. & Rich, T. C. G. (1996). Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej. subsp. hibemica, a new tetraploid taxon <strong>of</strong> Luzula sect.Luzula (Juncaceaej from Ireland. Watsonia 21: 89-96.Leppard, M. J. (1980). Lime kilns in East Grinstead. East Grinsteod <strong>Society</strong> Bulletin 28: 8.Leslie, A. C. (1987). <strong>Flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> Surrev, Supplement and checklist. A. C. & P. Leslie, Guildford.Leslie, A. C. (1983). The occurrence <strong>of</strong> Lemna minuscula Herter in <strong>the</strong> Brit"lsh <strong>Isles</strong>. Watsonia 14: 243-248.L60nd, A. (1980). Effects <strong>of</strong> nitrogen and phosphorus upon <strong>the</strong> growth <strong>of</strong> some Lemnaceae. Ver<strong>of</strong>f. Geobot. Inst. ETH,Zurich 70: 118-141.Lousley, J. E. (1976). <strong>Flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> Surrev. David & Charles, Newton Abbot.Lousley, J. E. & Kent, D. H. (1981). Docks and knotweeds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>. BSBI. London.237
238Masselink, A. K. (1980). Germination and seed pollination dynamics in Melampyrum pratense. Acta Botanica Neerlandica29: 451-468.McAllister, H. A. & Ru<strong>the</strong>rford, A. (1990). Hedera helix L. and H. hlbernica (Kirchner) Bean (Araliaceae) in <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>.Watsonia 18: 7-15.McVean, D. N. (1955). Ecology <strong>of</strong> Alnus glutinosa Gaertn. 2. Seed distribution and germination. Journal <strong>of</strong> Ecology 44:195-218.Meikle, R. D. (1984). Wiliows and poplars <strong>of</strong> Great Britain and Ireland. BSBI. London.Milner, j. M. (1979). Myriophyllum aquaticum (Velloso) Verdc. in East Sussex. Watsonia 12: 259.Mountford, J. 0. (1994). Pers/caria minor (Hudson) Opiz. and Stratiotes a/aides, In Stewart, Pearman & Preston (1994),lac. cit.Myerscough, P. j. (1980). Biological <strong>Flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>. 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The effects <strong>of</strong> shading on Oxalis acetoselia. Journal <strong>of</strong> Ecology 65: 619-642.Parnell, J. (1987). Variation in Jasione montana L. (Campanulaceae) and related species in Europe and North Africa.Watsonia 16: 249-267.Peace, T. R. & Gilmour, j. S. (1949). The effect <strong>of</strong> picking on <strong>the</strong> flowering <strong>of</strong> bluebell (Scilla non-scriptal. NewPhytologist 48: 115-117.Pearman, D. A. & Preston, C. D. (1994). Fumaria bastardii Boreau. In Stewart, Pearman & Preston (1994), loc. cit.Perring, F. H. (1968). Critical supplement to <strong>the</strong> Atlas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> flora. Thomas Nelson & Sons, Cambridge.Perring, F. H. & Waiters, S. M. (1990). Atlas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> flora. 3rd edition. BSBI, London.Perring, F. H. & Farrell, L. (1977). <strong>British</strong> Red Data Books: I. 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John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.Pigott, C. D. (1984). The flora and vegetation <strong>of</strong> Britain: ecology and conservation. New Phytologist 98: 119-128.Pigott, C. D. (1991). Biological <strong>Flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>. Tilia cordata Miller. Journal <strong>of</strong> Ecology 79: 1147-1207.Pinks, M. j. (19451. The <strong>Ashdown</strong> <strong>Forest</strong>. Sussex Countv Magazine 19: 226.Porter, M. S. (1994). Hammarbya paludosa (L.) Kuntze. in Stewart, Pearman & Preston (1994), loc. cit.Preston, C. D. (1989). The spread <strong>of</strong> Epilobium ciliatum Raf. in <strong>the</strong> <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>. Watsonia 17: 279-288.Preston, C. D. (1994). Juncus effusus var. spiralis J. McNab in <strong>the</strong> Inner Hebrides. Watsonia 20: 153-154.Preston, C. D. (1995). Pondweeds <strong>of</strong> Great Britain and Ireland. BSBI Handbook no. 8. BSBI, London.Prime, C. T., Buckle, O. & Lovis, J. D. (1955). The distribution and ecology <strong>of</strong> Arum neglectum in sou<strong>the</strong>rn England.Proceedings BSBI 1: 287-296.Prince, S. D. & Carter, R. N. (1977). Prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola L. ) in Britain. Watsonia 11: 331-338.Prins, A. H. & Nell, H. W. (1990). Positive and negative effects <strong>of</strong> herbivory on <strong>the</strong> population dynamics <strong>of</strong> Seneciojacobaea L. and Cynoglossum <strong>of</strong>ficinale L. Oecologia 83: 325-332.Proctor, M. C. F. (1994). Ulex minor Roth. In Stewart, Pearman & Preston (1994), lac. cit.Rackham, 0. (19861. The history <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> countryside. j. M. Dent & Sons Lld .. London.Reid, J. A. (1975). The distinction between Oxalis corniculata L. and O. exilis A. Cunn. Watsonia 10: 290-291.Rich, T. C. G. (1991). Crucifers <strong>of</strong> Great Britain and Ireland. BSBI. London.Rich, T. C, G. (1992), Pollen - past, present and future. In, Hayfever: climate and opinion, Marion Merrell Dow, Uxbridge.Rich, T. C. G. (1994a). W, H. Coleman's <strong>Flora</strong> <strong>of</strong> East Grinstead. Sussex <strong>Botanical</strong> Recording <strong>Society</strong>. East Grinstead.Rich, T. C, G, (1994b). Hayfever in <strong>the</strong> garden. Marion Merrell Dow, Uxbridge.Rich, T. C. G. (1994c). Wildlife corridors. Bulletin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Institute <strong>of</strong> Ecology and Environmental Management 11: 1-5.Rich, T. C. G., Alder, j., McVeigh, A., Showier, A. & Sinnadurai, P. (1995). The star goes out ... or how Starfruit(Damasonium alismaj didn't do in 1995. Back from <strong>the</strong> brink project report 66. Plantlife, London.Rich, T. C. G. (19961. Plant conservation in <strong>the</strong> Czech RepUblic. Ecos 16 (3/41: 71-74.Rich, T. C. G. & Rich, M. D. B. (1988). Plant crib. BSBI, London.Rich, T. C. G., Richardson, S. j. & Rose, F. (1995). The status <strong>of</strong> Tunbridge Filmy-fern (Hymenophyllum tunbrigense (L.)Smith) (Hymenophyllaceae) in South-east England in 1994/1 995. Fern Gazette 15: 51-64.
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Flora of Ashdown Forest,-,;I
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Copyright Tim Rich, Pat Donovan, Pa
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe would like to th
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THE HABITATS OF ASH DOWN FOREST3His
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Near the bottom of all the non~wood
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Conopodium majusCrataegus laevigata
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Fincham (1995) published a small ph
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13ANAL VS IS OF THE FLORA DATAIn th
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15The number of different visits to
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17Hedgerows Disturbed/waste ground
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19The frequencies with which specie
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21(r~0.434, pO.l).-0.059,•300t350
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23A second type of comparison has b
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25Similarly, environmental variable
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SPECIES ACCOUNTS27Lat'1n names foll
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29EQUISETACEAEEquisetum f/uviatile.
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One plant on a vertical, north-faci
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Viola pa/ustris in an open alder co
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35DRYOPTERIDACEAEPolystichum aculea
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37BLECHNACEAEBlechnum spicant. Hard
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39AngiospermsLAURACEAE* Laurus nobi
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41Ranunculus repens, Creeping butte
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wet mud, small streams, ditches and
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45*Meconopsis cambrica. Welsh poppy
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47Ulmusx hollandica f?U. glabra x m
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49FAGACEAEFagus sylvatica. Beech.Fo
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A special large oak at Chuck Hatch,
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Cory/us avel/ana. Hazel.Recorded in
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plants in the autumn; we have not r
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Sagina procumbens. Procumbent pearl
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59*Saponaria officinalis. Soapwort,
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61Dolygonum arenastrum. Equal-leave
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63Rumex conglomeratus. Clustered do
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65Hypericum humifusum. Trailing S1
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67DROSERACEAEDrosera rotundifolia.
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69Viola laetea. Pale dog-violet.Thi
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71* Salix alba. White willow.3 -+-t
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73Salix repens var. repens (var. er
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75*Rorippa sylvestris. Creeping yel
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77* Thlaspi arvense. Field pennycre
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79aphanus raphanistrum. Wild radish
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ica tetralix. Cross~leaved heath.As
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centre of the Forest on alluvial so
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It is predominantly a plant which o
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87SAXIFRAGACEAE[*Darmera pe/tata. I
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89insipid in flavour IHaskel1 1960)
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91ection Rubus. Subsection Hiemales
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93Rubus pr%ngatus.Nutley (45.27), 1
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95bus vestitus.Newbridge, 1969, B.
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97Rubus largificus.3 -+t--------'+_
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Potentilla anserina. Silverweed.Com
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101Geum urbanum. Wood avens.Primari
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103osa x pseudorusticana fR. arvens
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105Prunus spinosa. Blackthorn, Wint
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orbus aucuparia. Rowan, Mountain as
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109r*Crataegus persimilis. Broad-le
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111icia tetrasperma. Smooth tare.Fo
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113Trifolium rep ens. White clover"
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115Genista tinctoria. Dyer's greenw
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*Genista anglica. Petty whin, Needl
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Myriophyllum alterniflorum. Alterna
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121Epilobium montanum x obscurum.Fo
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habitats.It lives up to the name of
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125,UPHORBIACEAEVlercurialis perenn
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Although one of Britain's tiniest p
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129*Oxalis articulata. Pink-sorrel.
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*Erodium cicutarium. Common stork's
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Widespread in Europe from the shore
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* Sison amomum. Stone parsley.Tetra
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137Centaurium pu/chellum. Lesser ce
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139CONVOLVULACEAEConvolvulus arvens
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141*Nymphoides pe/tata. Fringed wat
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Myosotis secunda (M. repens). Creep
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145Stachys 8lvensis. Field woundwor
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5cutellaria x hybrida (5. galericul
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Origanum vu/gare. Marjoram.Near Fis
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CALLlTRICHACEAE151Ca/litriche is a
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153Fraxinus excelsior. Ash.4 5Local
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~'Cymbalaria mural is. Ivy-leaved t
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157Veronica scutellata. Marsh speed
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159Sibthorpia europaea. Cornish mon
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161OROBANCHACEAEOrobanche rapum~gen
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163RUBIACEAESherardia arvensis. Mad
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165Viburnum OpUIU5.Guelder-rose, St
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167Valeriana officina/is 5.1. Commo
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169Cirsium vu/gate. Spear thistle.W
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171We suspect that Leontodon hispid
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173Mycelis muralis. Wall lettuce.Se
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175Taraxacum exceJlens.Scattered al
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177Taraxacum sinuatum.Recorded from
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179Crepis capillaris. Smooth hawk'
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181Hieracium. Hawkweeds.3134 5Hiera
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*So/idago gigantea. Early goldenrod
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ecorded with Chamaemelum are Matric
- Page 192 and 193: *Senecio x albescens (S. cineraria
- Page 194 and 195: *Petasites japonicus. Giant butterb
- Page 196 and 197: *E1odea canadensis. Canadian waterw
- Page 198 and 199: Arum maculatum. Lords~and~ladies, C
- Page 200 and 201: Juncus x surrejanus (J. acutiflorus
- Page 202 and 203: fences or topography. It may domina
- Page 204 and 205: Eleocharis multicaulis. Many-stalke
- Page 206 and 207: A hybrid first described by Col em
- Page 208 and 209: 203Carex riparia. Greater pond~sedg
- Page 210 and 211: Material which initially looked lik
- Page 212 and 213: 207Festuca pratensis. Meadow fescue
- Page 214 and 215: 209Cynosurus cristatus. Crested dog
- Page 216 and 217: 211Glyceria f/uitans. Floating swee
- Page 218 and 219: 213Deschampsia cespitosa. Tufted ha
- Page 220 and 221: Agrostis gigantea. Black bent.Tetra
- Page 222 and 223: 217Bromus lepidus. Slender soft~bro
- Page 224 and 225: * Triticum aestivum. Bread wheat.A
- Page 226 and 227: 221L1L1ACEAENarthecium ossifragum.
- Page 228 and 229: 223*Allium triquetrum. Three-Gornar
- Page 230 and 231: Trumpet length(mm)454035302520•
- Page 232 and 233: 227ORCHIDACEAEEpipactis purpurata.
- Page 234 and 235: een unable to refind any bog orchid
- Page 236 and 237: 231DactylorhizB praetermissa. South
- Page 238 and 239: Rachel A. Nicholson (1934-). Rachel
- Page 240 and 241: 235REFERENCESAbbas, M. H. (1979). S
- Page 244 and 245: Rich, T. C. G. & Smith, P. A. (1996
- Page 246 and 247: GAZETTEER241This gazetteer has been
- Page 248 and 249: Smockfarthing 40.31Smuggler's car p
- Page 250 and 251: Asple adi+cuttr int~~~tl·Bteel SI!
- Page 252 and 253: Broad bean 111 Cardamine x hausskne
- Page 254 and 255: Fen bedstraw 163 Fumitory 46 Greate
- Page 256 and 257: Leucanthemum maximum 186 Many-flowe
- Page 258 and 259: Quercus ilex 50 Rorippa x ster/lis
- Page 260 and 261: Sticky mouse-ear 56 Thale cress 73