th - 1988 - 51st ENC Conference
th - 1988 - 51st ENC Conference
th - 1988 - 51st ENC Conference
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SOLID STATE NMR STUDY ON THE STRUCTURE OF GRAMICIDIN A: Teng, Q.,<br />
155 I Nor<strong>th</strong>, C.L., Brenneman, M.T., LoGrasso, P.V. and Cross, T.A., Department of<br />
Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-3006.<br />
Gramicidin A is a fifteen amino acid polypeptide <strong>th</strong>at forms a cation selective channel in natural and<br />
syn<strong>th</strong>etic membranes. Structural information is being derived from solid state NMR studies of gramicidin<br />
in hydrated lipid bilayers. 13C and 15N labeled gramicidins have been syn<strong>th</strong>esized bo<strong>th</strong> by biosyn<strong>th</strong>esis<br />
wi<strong>th</strong> Bacillus brevis and by solid phase peptide syn<strong>th</strong>esis. Extensive lipid bilayers containing gramicidin<br />
are studied bo<strong>th</strong> as oriented and unoriented preparations. Solid state 15N chemical shift and dipolar spectra<br />
are analyzed to yield bond orientations for determining <strong>th</strong>e polypeptide backbone torsion angles.<br />
Fur<strong>th</strong>ermore, limitations on <strong>th</strong>e N-H bond leng<strong>th</strong>s in <strong>th</strong>is polypeptide are presented. These solid state NMR<br />
experiments provide basic information for <strong>th</strong>e calculation of <strong>th</strong>e gramicidin A channel structure.<br />
[<br />
~ DYNAMICS OF THE GRAMICIDIN A TRANSMEMBRANE CHANNEL BY<br />
1 67 [ SOLID STATE 15N NMR: L.K. Nicholson, M. T. Brenneman, P.V. LoGrasso and<br />
T.A. Cross, Florida State University, Institute of Molecular Biophysics and<br />
Department of Chemistry, Tallahassee, Florida 32306.<br />
The dynamics of specific sites in <strong>th</strong>e peptide backbone of <strong>th</strong>e gramicidin A cation selective-<br />
transmembrane channel have been studied using solid state 15 N NMR. Gramicidin A is a polypeptide<br />
consisting of fifteen amio acids which dimerizes to form a single stranded helical pore in a lipid bilayer.<br />
Its generally accepted structure is <strong>th</strong>e ~6.3 helix which, due to <strong>th</strong>e uniquely alternating L/D amino acid<br />
sequence places <strong>th</strong>e hydrophobic side chains on <strong>th</strong>e outside of <strong>th</strong>e channel where <strong>th</strong>ey interact wi<strong>th</strong> <strong>th</strong>e<br />
hydrocarbon core of <strong>th</strong>e bilayer, and <strong>th</strong>e polar peptide linkages along <strong>th</strong>e interior of <strong>th</strong>e channel which<br />
enhances solvation of <strong>th</strong>e channel ion. Al<strong>th</strong>ough gramicidin is <strong>th</strong>e most extensively studied channel, an<br />
atomic resolution mechanism of ion transport is not known. Characterization of motions of various groups<br />
wi<strong>th</strong>in <strong>th</strong>e channel backbone will help to elucidate <strong>th</strong>e specific interactions <strong>th</strong>at result in transport of <strong>th</strong>e ion<br />
across <strong>th</strong>e membrane. Motions of specific sites along <strong>th</strong>e channel backbone have been detected by observing<br />
<strong>th</strong>e averaging of <strong>th</strong>e lSN chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) tensor as a function of temperature in bo<strong>th</strong> oriented<br />
and unoriented samples. It has previously been shown <strong>th</strong>at fast overall channel rotation occurs in and<br />
above <strong>th</strong>e lipid phase transition region, and <strong>th</strong>at <strong>th</strong>e axis of rotation coincides wi<strong>th</strong> <strong>th</strong>e channel axis which is<br />
parallel to <strong>th</strong>e bilayer normal. This global rotation becomes slow on <strong>th</strong>e 3kHz timeframe of <strong>th</strong>e NMR<br />
experiment when <strong>th</strong>e temperature is below <strong>th</strong>e onset of <strong>th</strong>e phase transition. Recent studies of <strong>th</strong>e temperature<br />
dependence of <strong>th</strong>e l SN spectra of bo<strong>th</strong> oriented and unoriented samples show evidence for local motions of <strong>th</strong>e<br />
peptide linkages existing above <strong>th</strong>e onset of <strong>th</strong>e gel to liquid crystalline phase transition, and <strong>th</strong>at <strong>th</strong>e<br />
amplitude of <strong>th</strong>ese motions varies along <strong>th</strong>e channel backbone. These local motions have a large amplitude<br />
at <strong>th</strong>e monomoer - monomer juction where <strong>th</strong>e peptide linkage planes contribute a proton to <strong>th</strong>e hydrogen<br />
bonds linking <strong>th</strong>e two monomers. The temperature dependence of oriented samples where yield a very<br />
sharp resonance above <strong>th</strong>e phase transition region has proved to be a very sensitive indicator of dynamics<br />
when <strong>th</strong>e temperature is lowered. The resonance linewid<strong>th</strong> below <strong>th</strong>e phase transition reflects directly on <strong>th</strong>e<br />
range of orientations swept out by <strong>th</strong>e dynamic process at higher temperatures. This new tool for assessing<br />
dynamics should have broad application in systems <strong>th</strong>at can be oriented.<br />
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