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The very first steps Photo 1.2 tool Snipe-nosed pliers — ideal for electronics work and another essential side-cutters, however, these are not meant for heavy-duty engineering work. Look after them and they’ll look after you. The last essential tool we’re going to look at now is a soldering iron. Soldering is the process used to connect electronic Photo 1.3 Low wattage soldering iron intended for electronics 5
Starting electronics components together, in a good permanent joint. Although we don’t actually look at soldering at all here, a good soldering iron is still a useful tool to have. Soldering irons range in price from about £4 to (gulp!) about £150, but — fortunately — the price doesn’t necessarily reflect how useful they are in electronics. This is because irons used in electronics generally should be of pretty low power rating, because too much heat doesn’t make any better a joint where tiny electronic components are concerned, and you run the risk of damaging the components, too. Power rating will usually be specified on the iron or its packing and a useful iron will be around 15 watts (which may be marked 15 W). It’s possible to get soldering irons rated up to and over 100 watts, but these are of no use to you — stick with an iron with a power rating of no more than 25 watts. Because of this low power need, you should be able to pick up a good iron for around a tenner. These are all the tools we are going to look at in this chapter (I’ve already spent lots of your money — you’Il need a breather to recover), but later on I’Il be giving details of other tools and equipment which will be extremely useful to you. Ideas about electricity Electricity is a funny thing. Even though we know how to use it, how to make it do work for us, to amplify, to switch, to control, to create light or heat (you’ll find out about all of these aspects of electricity over the coming chapters) we can still only guess at what it is. It’s actually impossible to see electricity: we only see what it does! Sure, everyone knows 6
Page 2 and 3: Starting Electronics i
Page 4 and 5: Starting Electronics Keith Brindley
Page 6 and 7: Contents Contents Preface vi 1. The
Page 8 and 9: The very first steps 1 The very fir
Page 10 and 11: The very first steps potential rewa
Page 14 and 15: The very first steps that electrici
Page 16 and 17: The very first steps Going back to
Page 18 and 19: The very first steps tially exist.
Page 20 and 21: The very first steps by a scientist
Page 22 and 23: The very first steps Hint: Ohm’s
Page 24 and 25: The very first steps Electronic com
Page 26 and 27: The very first steps Larger values
Page 28 and 29: The very first steps Time out That
Page 30 and 31: On the boards 2 On the boards In th
Page 32 and 33: On the boards If you are following
Page 34 and 35: On the boards Hint: The theoretical
Page 36 and 37: On the boards Photo 2.2 Inside brea
Page 38 and 39: On the boards Down the edges of the
Page 40 and 41: On the boards Hint: The multi-meter
Page 42 and 43: On the boards of leads should be su
Page 44 and 45: On the boards it gets older and sta
Page 46 and 47: On the boards Hint: The bands group
Page 48 and 49: On the boards In practice, you migh
Page 50 and 51: On the boards called just ohmmeter)
Page 52 and 53: On the boards ends. We say resistor
Page 54 and 55: On the boards we would get: and thi
Page 56 and 57: On the boards Figure 2.9 A comparat
Page 58 and 59: Measuring current and voltage 3 Mea
Page 60 and 61: Measuring current and voltage forme
Page 62 and 63:
Measuring current and voltage Netwo
Page 64 and 65:
Measuring current and voltage Netwo
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Measuring current and voltage Did y
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Measuring current and voltage Figur
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Page 72 and 73:
Practically there Measuring current
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Measuring current and voltage Take
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Measuring current and voltage Take
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Measuring current and voltage Hint:
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Capacitors 4 Capacitors You need a
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Capacitors Capacitors We’re going
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Capacitors In our experiments in th
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Capacitors Figure 4.4 A simple resi
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Capacitors Time (seconds) 5 10 15 2
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Capacitors Time (seconds) 5 10 15 2
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Capacitors In a capacitor circuit l
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Capacitors Figure 4.11 An experimen
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Capacitors Time (seconds) Voltage (
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Capacitors plates of the capacitor
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Capacitors where ε is the permitti
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ICs oscillators and filters 5 ICs,
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ICs oscillators and filters Photo 5
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ICs oscillators and filters We’ve
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ICs oscillators and filters an osci
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ICs oscillators and filters (a) (b)
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ICs oscillators and filters Ouch, t
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ICs oscillators and filters output
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ICs oscillators and filters Value o
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ICs oscillators and filters voltage
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ICs oscillators and filters Value o
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ICs oscillators and filters Figure
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ICs oscillators and filters simple
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Diodes I 6 Diodes I We’re going t
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Diodes I Photo 6.1 A horizontal pre
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Diodes I Now, with a resistance of
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Diodes I here. We needn’t know an
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Diodes I Figure 6.9 The breadboard
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Diodes I but we never said it was a
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Diodes I Current (mA) Voltage (V) 0
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Diodes I voltages, reverse currents
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Diodes I battery voltage of 9 V sim
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Diodes I Figure 6.17 The circuit, w
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Diodes I Figure 6.19 My results fro
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Diodes II 7 Diodes II In the last c
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Diodes II the same experiment we di
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Diodes II We need to draw diode cha
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Diodes II Generally, diodes don’t
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Diodes II Diode voltage (VD) Resist
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Diodes II Diode circuits We’re no
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Diodes II Figure 7.9 Waveforms show
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Diodes II Filter tips Although we
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Diodes II We’ve already seen a de
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Diodes II as that from a 230 V a.c.
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Diodes II Figure 7.19 The same circ
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Transistors 8 Transistors In previo
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Transistors Figure 8.1 How to recog
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Transistors Black meter lead Red me
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Transistors Well, as mentioned earl
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Transistors Figure 8.8 A breadboard
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Transistors In effect, the transist
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Transistors Figure 8.10 transistors
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Transistors Hint: Yes, that’s rig
Page 190 and 191:
Transistors These two operational m
Page 192 and 193:
Analogue integrated circuits 9 Anal
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Analogue integrated circuits circui
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Analogue integrated circuits Figure
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Building on blocs Analogue integrat
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Page 202 and 203:
Analogue integrated circuits As the
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Page 206 and 207:
Analogue integrated circuits circui
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Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Analogue integrated circuits an app
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Digital integrated circuits I 10 Di
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Digital integrated circuits I Logic
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Digital integrated circuits I If we
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Digital integrated circuits I Figur
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Digital integrated circuits I It’
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Digital integrated circuits I The t
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Digital integrated circuits I Trans
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Digital integrated circuits I going
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Digital integrated circuits I OR an
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Digital integrated circuits I For t
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Digital integrated circuits II 11 D
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Digital integrated circuits II A se
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Shutting the ’stable gate Digital
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Digital integrated circuits II gate
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Digital integrated circuits II In o
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Digital integrated circuits II Figu
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Digital integrated circuits II Swit
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Digital integrated circuits II The
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Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Open the black box Digital integrat
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Page 272 and 273:
Digital integrated circuits II Ther
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Glossary Glossary 180 ° out-of-pha
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Glossary bode plots method of showi
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Glossary decibels logarithmic units
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Glossary integrated circuit a semic
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Glossary peak voltage the voltage m
Page 284 and 285:
Glossary squarewave a signal which
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Glossary Components used Resistors
Page 288 and 289:
Glossary Index A ampere, 9 AND gate
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