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Analogue integrated circuits Figure 9.1 The internal circuit of the 741: a mere 22 transistors Figure 9.2 The circuit symbol for a 741 The internal layout of the 8-pin DIL version of the 741 is shown in Figure 9.3. Now, each input and output of the op-amp is associated with a particular pin of the DlL body. This means that we can redraw the circuit symbol of the 741, as in Figure 9.4, with the corresponding pin numbers at each connection. 189
Starting electronics Figure 9.3 The internal layout of an 8-pin DIL-packed 741 Note that these pin numbers are only correct when we deal with the 8-pin DIL version, however, and any other versions would have different pin numbers. We’ll show the 8-pin DIL pin numbers with any circuit diagram we show here, though, as we assume that you will use this version. Figure 9.4 The symbol in Figure 9.2, with the pin numbers included Apart from the 741, there are a small number of other components you’ll also need for the circuits in this chapter. These are: ● ● ● ● 2 x 10 kΩ resistors 3 x 47 kΩ resistors 1 x 22 kΩ resistor 1 x 47 kΩ miniature horizontal preset 190
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Starting Electronics i
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Starting Electronics Keith Brindley
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Contents Contents Preface vi 1. The
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The very first steps 1 The very fir
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The very first steps potential rewa
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The very first steps Photo 1.2 tool
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The very first steps that electrici
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The very first steps Going back to
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The very first steps tially exist.
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The very first steps by a scientist
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The very first steps Hint: Ohm’s
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The very first steps Electronic com
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The very first steps Larger values
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The very first steps Time out That
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On the boards 2 On the boards In th
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On the boards If you are following
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On the boards Hint: The theoretical
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On the boards Photo 2.2 Inside brea
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On the boards Down the edges of the
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On the boards Hint: The multi-meter
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On the boards of leads should be su
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On the boards it gets older and sta
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On the boards Hint: The bands group
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On the boards In practice, you migh
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On the boards called just ohmmeter)
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On the boards ends. We say resistor
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On the boards we would get: and thi
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On the boards Figure 2.9 A comparat
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Measuring current and voltage 3 Mea
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Measuring current and voltage forme
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Measuring current and voltage Netwo
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Measuring current and voltage Netwo
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Measuring current and voltage Did y
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Measuring current and voltage Figur
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Practically there Measuring current
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Measuring current and voltage Take
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Measuring current and voltage Take
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Measuring current and voltage Hint:
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Capacitors 4 Capacitors You need a
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Capacitors Capacitors We’re going
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Capacitors In our experiments in th
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Capacitors Figure 4.4 A simple resi
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Capacitors Time (seconds) 5 10 15 2
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Capacitors Time (seconds) 5 10 15 2
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Capacitors In a capacitor circuit l
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Capacitors Figure 4.11 An experimen
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Capacitors Time (seconds) Voltage (
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Capacitors plates of the capacitor
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Capacitors where ε is the permitti
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ICs oscillators and filters 5 ICs,
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ICs oscillators and filters Photo 5
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ICs oscillators and filters We’ve
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ICs oscillators and filters an osci
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ICs oscillators and filters (a) (b)
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ICs oscillators and filters Ouch, t
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ICs oscillators and filters output
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ICs oscillators and filters Value o
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ICs oscillators and filters voltage
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ICs oscillators and filters Value o
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ICs oscillators and filters Figure
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ICs oscillators and filters simple
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Diodes I 6 Diodes I We’re going t
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Diodes I Photo 6.1 A horizontal pre
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Diodes I Now, with a resistance of
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Diodes I here. We needn’t know an
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Diodes I Figure 6.9 The breadboard
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Diodes I but we never said it was a
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Diodes I Current (mA) Voltage (V) 0
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Diodes I voltages, reverse currents
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Page 150 and 151: Diodes I Figure 6.19 My results fro
Page 152 and 153: Diodes II 7 Diodes II In the last c
Page 154 and 155: Diodes II the same experiment we di
Page 156 and 157: Diodes II We need to draw diode cha
Page 158 and 159: Diodes II Generally, diodes don’t
Page 160 and 161: Diodes II Diode voltage (VD) Resist
Page 162 and 163: Diodes II Diode circuits We’re no
Page 164 and 165: Diodes II Figure 7.9 Waveforms show
Page 166 and 167: Diodes II Filter tips Although we
Page 168 and 169: Diodes II We’ve already seen a de
Page 170 and 171: Diodes II as that from a 230 V a.c.
Page 172 and 173: Diodes II Figure 7.19 The same circ
Page 174 and 175: Transistors 8 Transistors In previo
Page 176 and 177: Transistors Figure 8.1 How to recog
Page 178 and 179: Transistors Black meter lead Red me
Page 180 and 181: Transistors Well, as mentioned earl
Page 182 and 183: Transistors Figure 8.8 A breadboard
Page 184 and 185: Transistors In effect, the transist
Page 186 and 187: Transistors Figure 8.10 transistors
Page 188 and 189: Transistors Hint: Yes, that’s rig
Page 190 and 191: Transistors These two operational m
Page 192 and 193: Analogue integrated circuits 9 Anal
Page 194 and 195: Analogue integrated circuits circui
Page 198 and 199: Building on blocs Analogue integrat
Page 200 and 201: Analogue integrated circuits Figure
Page 202 and 203: Analogue integrated circuits As the
Page 206 and 207: Analogue integrated circuits circui
Page 212 and 213: Analogue integrated circuits an app
Page 214 and 215: Digital integrated circuits I 10 Di
Page 216 and 217: Digital integrated circuits I Logic
Page 218 and 219: Digital integrated circuits I If we
Page 220 and 221: Digital integrated circuits I Figur
Page 222 and 223: Digital integrated circuits I It’
Page 228 and 229: Digital integrated circuits I The t
Page 230 and 231: Digital integrated circuits I Trans
Page 238 and 239: Digital integrated circuits I going
Page 240 and 241: Digital integrated circuits I OR an
Page 242 and 243: Digital integrated circuits I For t
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Digital integrated circuits I Figur
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Digital integrated circuits II 11 D
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Digital integrated circuits II A se
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Shutting the ’stable gate Digital
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Digital integrated circuits II gate
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Digital integrated circuits II In o
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Digital integrated circuits II Figu
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Digital integrated circuits II Swit
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Digital integrated circuits II The
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Open the black box Digital integrat
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Digital integrated circuits II Ther
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Glossary Glossary 180 ° out-of-pha
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Glossary bode plots method of showi
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Glossary decibels logarithmic units
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Glossary integrated circuit a semic
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Glossary peak voltage the voltage m
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Glossary squarewave a signal which
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Glossary Components used Resistors
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Glossary Index A ampere, 9 AND gate
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