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Digital integrated circuits I Figure 10.12 Possible breadboard layout for the experimental circuit showing OR gate operation in Figure 10.11 Build up the circuit, and fill in the blank truth table given in Figure 10.13 according to the results of the experiment as you change the circuit’s inputs. You should see that the output of the circuit is logic 1 whenever one or other of the circuit’s inputs are logic 1. Let’s say that again — whenever one ‘or’ the other — which is why it’s called an OR gate. The results you should have got for your truth table are shown in the truth table of Figure 10.14. Figure 10.13 A truth table to put the results of your experiment into 219
Starting electronics Figure 10.14 The results you should have got in your experiment An OR gate is not quite as simple as an inverter — an inverter, after all, has only one input. An OR gate has more than one input — in theory it can have any number of inputs but, obviously, as the number of inputs increases, the resultant truth table gets more complicated. Figure 10.15, shows a three input OR gate symbol and truth table. Being a three input gate, its truth table has eight variations. We can calculate this because, being binary digital, the circuit can have 2 3 = 8 variations of inputs. Figure 10.15 (a) the symbol for an OR gate; (b) its truth table 220
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Starting Electronics i
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Starting Electronics Keith Brindley
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Contents Contents Preface vi 1. The
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The very first steps 1 The very fir
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The very first steps potential rewa
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The very first steps Photo 1.2 tool
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The very first steps that electrici
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The very first steps Going back to
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The very first steps tially exist.
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The very first steps by a scientist
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The very first steps Hint: Ohm’s
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The very first steps Electronic com
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The very first steps Larger values
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The very first steps Time out That
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On the boards 2 On the boards In th
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On the boards If you are following
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On the boards Hint: The theoretical
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On the boards Photo 2.2 Inside brea
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On the boards Down the edges of the
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On the boards Hint: The multi-meter
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On the boards of leads should be su
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On the boards it gets older and sta
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On the boards Hint: The bands group
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On the boards In practice, you migh
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On the boards called just ohmmeter)
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On the boards ends. We say resistor
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On the boards we would get: and thi
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On the boards Figure 2.9 A comparat
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Measuring current and voltage 3 Mea
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Measuring current and voltage forme
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Measuring current and voltage Netwo
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Measuring current and voltage Netwo
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Measuring current and voltage Did y
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Measuring current and voltage Figur
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Practically there Measuring current
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Measuring current and voltage Take
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Measuring current and voltage Take
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Measuring current and voltage Hint:
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Capacitors 4 Capacitors You need a
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Capacitors Capacitors We’re going
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Capacitors In our experiments in th
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Capacitors Figure 4.4 A simple resi
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Capacitors Time (seconds) 5 10 15 2
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Capacitors Time (seconds) 5 10 15 2
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Capacitors In a capacitor circuit l
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Capacitors Figure 4.11 An experimen
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Capacitors Time (seconds) Voltage (
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Capacitors plates of the capacitor
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Capacitors where ε is the permitti
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ICs oscillators and filters 5 ICs,
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ICs oscillators and filters Photo 5
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ICs oscillators and filters We’ve
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ICs oscillators and filters an osci
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ICs oscillators and filters (a) (b)
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ICs oscillators and filters Ouch, t
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ICs oscillators and filters output
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ICs oscillators and filters Value o
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ICs oscillators and filters voltage
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ICs oscillators and filters Value o
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ICs oscillators and filters Figure
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ICs oscillators and filters simple
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Diodes I 6 Diodes I We’re going t
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Diodes I Photo 6.1 A horizontal pre
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Diodes I Now, with a resistance of
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Diodes I here. We needn’t know an
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Diodes I Figure 6.9 The breadboard
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Diodes I but we never said it was a
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Diodes I Current (mA) Voltage (V) 0
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Diodes I voltages, reverse currents
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Diodes I battery voltage of 9 V sim
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Diodes I Figure 6.17 The circuit, w
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Diodes I Figure 6.19 My results fro
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Diodes II 7 Diodes II In the last c
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Diodes II the same experiment we di
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Diodes II We need to draw diode cha
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Diodes II Generally, diodes don’t
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Diodes II Diode voltage (VD) Resist
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Diodes II Diode circuits We’re no
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Diodes II Figure 7.9 Waveforms show
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Diodes II Filter tips Although we
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Diodes II We’ve already seen a de
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Diodes II as that from a 230 V a.c.
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Diodes II Figure 7.19 The same circ
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Transistors 8 Transistors In previo
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Page 178 and 179: Transistors Black meter lead Red me
Page 180 and 181: Transistors Well, as mentioned earl
Page 182 and 183: Transistors Figure 8.8 A breadboard
Page 184 and 185: Transistors In effect, the transist
Page 186 and 187: Transistors Figure 8.10 transistors
Page 188 and 189: Transistors Hint: Yes, that’s rig
Page 190 and 191: Transistors These two operational m
Page 192 and 193: Analogue integrated circuits 9 Anal
Page 194 and 195: Analogue integrated circuits circui
Page 196 and 197: Analogue integrated circuits Figure
Page 198 and 199: Building on blocs Analogue integrat
Page 202 and 203: Analogue integrated circuits As the
Page 206 and 207: Analogue integrated circuits circui
Page 212 and 213: Analogue integrated circuits an app
Page 214 and 215: Digital integrated circuits I 10 Di
Page 216 and 217: Digital integrated circuits I Logic
Page 218 and 219: Digital integrated circuits I If we
Page 220 and 221: Digital integrated circuits I Figur
Page 222 and 223: Digital integrated circuits I It’
Page 228 and 229: Digital integrated circuits I The t
Page 230 and 231: Digital integrated circuits I Trans
Page 238 and 239: Digital integrated circuits I going
Page 240 and 241: Digital integrated circuits I OR an
Page 242 and 243: Digital integrated circuits I For t
Page 248 and 249: Digital integrated circuits II 11 D
Page 250 and 251: Digital integrated circuits II A se
Page 252 and 253: Shutting the ’stable gate Digital
Page 254 and 255: Digital integrated circuits II gate
Page 256 and 257: Digital integrated circuits II In o
Page 258 and 259: Digital integrated circuits II Figu
Page 260 and 261: Digital integrated circuits II Swit
Page 262 and 263: Digital integrated circuits II The
Page 268 and 269: Open the black box Digital integrat
Page 272 and 273: Digital integrated circuits II Ther
Page 274 and 275: Glossary Glossary 180 ° out-of-pha
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Glossary bode plots method of showi
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Glossary decibels logarithmic units
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Glossary integrated circuit a semic
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Glossary peak voltage the voltage m
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Glossary squarewave a signal which
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Glossary Components used Resistors
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Glossary Index A ampere, 9 AND gate
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