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Glossary Glossary 180 ° out-of-phase when two identical sinewaves are upsidedown with respect to each other. active a device which controls current is said to be active. ampere standard unit to measure electrical current. Abbreviated to amp. Symbolised by A. amplitude the amplitude of an a.c. signal is the difference in voltage between its middle or common point and the peak voltage. analogue one of the two operating modes of a transistor, in which a variable tiny base current is used to control a large collector current. 267
Starting electronics astable multivibrator an oscillator whose output is a squarewave. avalanche point the point on a diode’s characteristic curve when the curve rapidly changes from a low reverse current to a high one. avalanche breakdown the electronic breakdown of a diode when reverse biased to its breakdown voltage. avalanche voltage breakdown voltage. axial component body shape in which connecting leads come from each of the two ends of a tubular body. base current shortened form for base-to-emitter current of a transistor. base, emitter, collector the three terminals of a standard transistor. bias to apply a fixed d.c. base current to a transistor, which forces the transistor to operate partially, even when no input signal is applied. bias current the d.c. current applied to a transistor to force the transistor into partial operation at all times. bias resistor in a common emitter circuit, the resistor which is connected to the base of the transistor, through which the bias current flows. block to prevent d.c. signals passing through while allowing a.c. signal to pass — normally done with a capacitor. 268
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Starting Electronics i
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Starting Electronics Keith Brindley
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Contents Contents Preface vi 1. The
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The very first steps 1 The very fir
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The very first steps potential rewa
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The very first steps Photo 1.2 tool
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The very first steps that electrici
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The very first steps Going back to
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The very first steps tially exist.
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The very first steps by a scientist
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The very first steps Hint: Ohm’s
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The very first steps Electronic com
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The very first steps Larger values
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The very first steps Time out That
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On the boards 2 On the boards In th
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On the boards If you are following
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On the boards Hint: The theoretical
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On the boards Photo 2.2 Inside brea
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On the boards Down the edges of the
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On the boards Hint: The multi-meter
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On the boards of leads should be su
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On the boards it gets older and sta
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On the boards Hint: The bands group
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On the boards In practice, you migh
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On the boards called just ohmmeter)
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On the boards ends. We say resistor
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On the boards we would get: and thi
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On the boards Figure 2.9 A comparat
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Measuring current and voltage 3 Mea
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Measuring current and voltage forme
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Measuring current and voltage Netwo
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Measuring current and voltage Netwo
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Measuring current and voltage Did y
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Measuring current and voltage Figur
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Practically there Measuring current
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Measuring current and voltage Take
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Measuring current and voltage Take
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Measuring current and voltage Hint:
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Capacitors 4 Capacitors You need a
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Capacitors Capacitors We’re going
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Capacitors In our experiments in th
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Capacitors Figure 4.4 A simple resi
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Capacitors Time (seconds) 5 10 15 2
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Capacitors Time (seconds) 5 10 15 2
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Capacitors In a capacitor circuit l
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Capacitors Figure 4.11 An experimen
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Capacitors Time (seconds) Voltage (
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Capacitors plates of the capacitor
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Capacitors where ε is the permitti
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ICs oscillators and filters 5 ICs,
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ICs oscillators and filters Photo 5
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ICs oscillators and filters We’ve
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ICs oscillators and filters an osci
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ICs oscillators and filters (a) (b)
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ICs oscillators and filters Ouch, t
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ICs oscillators and filters output
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ICs oscillators and filters Value o
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ICs oscillators and filters voltage
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ICs oscillators and filters Value o
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ICs oscillators and filters Figure
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ICs oscillators and filters simple
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Diodes I 6 Diodes I We’re going t
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Diodes I Photo 6.1 A horizontal pre
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Diodes I Now, with a resistance of
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Diodes I here. We needn’t know an
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Diodes I Figure 6.9 The breadboard
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Diodes I but we never said it was a
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Diodes I Current (mA) Voltage (V) 0
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Diodes I voltages, reverse currents
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Diodes I battery voltage of 9 V sim
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Diodes I Figure 6.17 The circuit, w
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Diodes I Figure 6.19 My results fro
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Diodes II 7 Diodes II In the last c
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Diodes II the same experiment we di
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Diodes II We need to draw diode cha
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Diodes II Generally, diodes don’t
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Diodes II Diode voltage (VD) Resist
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Diodes II Diode circuits We’re no
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Diodes II Figure 7.9 Waveforms show
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Diodes II Filter tips Although we
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Diodes II We’ve already seen a de
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Diodes II as that from a 230 V a.c.
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Diodes II Figure 7.19 The same circ
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Transistors 8 Transistors In previo
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Transistors Figure 8.1 How to recog
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Transistors Black meter lead Red me
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Transistors Well, as mentioned earl
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Transistors Figure 8.8 A breadboard
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Transistors In effect, the transist
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Transistors Figure 8.10 transistors
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Transistors Hint: Yes, that’s rig
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Transistors These two operational m
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Analogue integrated circuits 9 Anal
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Analogue integrated circuits circui
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Analogue integrated circuits Figure
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Building on blocs Analogue integrat
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Analogue integrated circuits As the
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Analogue integrated circuits circui
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Analogue integrated circuits an app
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Digital integrated circuits I 10 Di
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Digital integrated circuits I Logic
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Digital integrated circuits I If we
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Digital integrated circuits I Figur
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Digital integrated circuits I It’
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Page 228 and 229: Digital integrated circuits I The t
Page 230 and 231: Digital integrated circuits I Trans
Page 238 and 239: Digital integrated circuits I going
Page 240 and 241: Digital integrated circuits I OR an
Page 242 and 243: Digital integrated circuits I For t
Page 248 and 249: Digital integrated circuits II 11 D
Page 250 and 251: Digital integrated circuits II A se
Page 252 and 253: Shutting the ’stable gate Digital
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Page 256 and 257: Digital integrated circuits II In o
Page 258 and 259: Digital integrated circuits II Figu
Page 260 and 261: Digital integrated circuits II Swit
Page 262 and 263: Digital integrated circuits II The
Page 268 and 269: Open the black box Digital integrat
Page 272 and 273: Digital integrated circuits II Ther
Page 276 and 277: Glossary bode plots method of showi
Page 278 and 279: Glossary decibels logarithmic units
Page 280 and 281: Glossary integrated circuit a semic
Page 282 and 283: Glossary peak voltage the voltage m
Page 284 and 285: Glossary squarewave a signal which
Page 286 and 287: Glossary Components used Resistors
Page 288 and 289: Glossary Index A ampere, 9 AND gate
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