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Diodes I here. We needn’t know any more about it here because we’re only concerned with the practical aspects at the moment; and all we need to remember is that a forward biased diode conducts, allowing current to flow, while a reverse biased diode doesn’t. What we do need to consider in more detail; however, is the value of the current flowing, and the small, but nevertheless apparent, voltage which occurs across the diode, when a diode is forward biased (the voltage we said earlier we needn’t then worry about). The following experiment will show how the current and the voltage are related. Figure 6.7 shows the circuit you have to build. You’ll see that two basic measurements need to be taken with your meter. The first measurement is the voltage across the forward biased diode, the second measurement is the current through it. Each measurement needs to be taken a number of times as the preset is varied in an organised way. Table 6.1, which is half complete, is for you to record your results, and Figure 6.8 is a blank graph for you to plot the results into a curve. Do the experiment the following way: Figure 6.7 A circuit to test the operation of a forward biased diode 129
Starting electronics Current (mA) Voltage (V) 0 0 0.4 0.6 2 5 10 20 Table 6.1 This is half complete, add the results of your experiment Figure 6.8 A blank graph for you to plot the results of your experiment 1) set up the components on the breadboard to measure only the voltage across the diode. The breadboard layout is given in Figure 6.9. Before you connect your battery to the circuit, make sure the wiper of the preset is turned fully anticlockwise, 130
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Starting Electronics i
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Starting Electronics Keith Brindley
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Contents Contents Preface vi 1. The
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The very first steps 1 The very fir
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The very first steps potential rewa
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The very first steps Photo 1.2 tool
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The very first steps that electrici
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The very first steps Going back to
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The very first steps tially exist.
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The very first steps by a scientist
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The very first steps Hint: Ohm’s
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The very first steps Electronic com
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The very first steps Larger values
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The very first steps Time out That
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On the boards 2 On the boards In th
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On the boards If you are following
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On the boards Hint: The theoretical
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On the boards Photo 2.2 Inside brea
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On the boards Down the edges of the
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On the boards Hint: The multi-meter
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On the boards of leads should be su
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On the boards it gets older and sta
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On the boards Hint: The bands group
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On the boards In practice, you migh
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On the boards called just ohmmeter)
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On the boards ends. We say resistor
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On the boards we would get: and thi
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On the boards Figure 2.9 A comparat
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Measuring current and voltage 3 Mea
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Measuring current and voltage forme
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Measuring current and voltage Netwo
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Measuring current and voltage Netwo
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Measuring current and voltage Did y
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Measuring current and voltage Figur
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Practically there Measuring current
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Measuring current and voltage Take
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Measuring current and voltage Take
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Measuring current and voltage Hint:
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Capacitors 4 Capacitors You need a
Page 86 and 87: Capacitors Capacitors We’re going
Page 88 and 89: Capacitors In our experiments in th
Page 90 and 91: Capacitors Figure 4.4 A simple resi
Page 92 and 93: Capacitors Time (seconds) 5 10 15 2
Page 94 and 95: Capacitors Time (seconds) 5 10 15 2
Page 96 and 97: Capacitors In a capacitor circuit l
Page 98 and 99: Capacitors Figure 4.11 An experimen
Page 100 and 101: Capacitors Time (seconds) Voltage (
Page 102 and 103: Capacitors plates of the capacitor
Page 104 and 105: Capacitors where ε is the permitti
Page 106 and 107: ICs oscillators and filters 5 ICs,
Page 108 and 109: ICs oscillators and filters Photo 5
Page 110 and 111: ICs oscillators and filters We’ve
Page 112 and 113: ICs oscillators and filters an osci
Page 114 and 115: ICs oscillators and filters (a) (b)
Page 116 and 117: ICs oscillators and filters Ouch, t
Page 118 and 119: ICs oscillators and filters output
Page 120 and 121: ICs oscillators and filters Value o
Page 122 and 123: ICs oscillators and filters voltage
Page 124 and 125: ICs oscillators and filters Value o
Page 126 and 127: ICs oscillators and filters Figure
Page 128 and 129: ICs oscillators and filters simple
Page 130 and 131: Diodes I 6 Diodes I We’re going t
Page 132 and 133: Diodes I Photo 6.1 A horizontal pre
Page 134 and 135: Diodes I Now, with a resistance of
Page 138 and 139: Diodes I Figure 6.9 The breadboard
Page 140 and 141: Diodes I but we never said it was a
Page 142 and 143: Diodes I Current (mA) Voltage (V) 0
Page 144 and 145: Diodes I voltages, reverse currents
Page 146 and 147: Diodes I battery voltage of 9 V sim
Page 148 and 149: Diodes I Figure 6.17 The circuit, w
Page 150 and 151: Diodes I Figure 6.19 My results fro
Page 152 and 153: Diodes II 7 Diodes II In the last c
Page 154 and 155: Diodes II the same experiment we di
Page 156 and 157: Diodes II We need to draw diode cha
Page 158 and 159: Diodes II Generally, diodes don’t
Page 160 and 161: Diodes II Diode voltage (VD) Resist
Page 162 and 163: Diodes II Diode circuits We’re no
Page 164 and 165: Diodes II Figure 7.9 Waveforms show
Page 166 and 167: Diodes II Filter tips Although we
Page 168 and 169: Diodes II We’ve already seen a de
Page 170 and 171: Diodes II as that from a 230 V a.c.
Page 172 and 173: Diodes II Figure 7.19 The same circ
Page 174 and 175: Transistors 8 Transistors In previo
Page 176 and 177: Transistors Figure 8.1 How to recog
Page 178 and 179: Transistors Black meter lead Red me
Page 180 and 181: Transistors Well, as mentioned earl
Page 182 and 183: Transistors Figure 8.8 A breadboard
Page 184 and 185: Transistors In effect, the transist
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Transistors Figure 8.10 transistors
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Transistors Hint: Yes, that’s rig
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Transistors These two operational m
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Analogue integrated circuits 9 Anal
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Analogue integrated circuits circui
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Analogue integrated circuits Figure
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Building on blocs Analogue integrat
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Analogue integrated circuits As the
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Analogue integrated circuits circui
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Analogue integrated circuits an app
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Digital integrated circuits I 10 Di
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Digital integrated circuits I Logic
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Digital integrated circuits I If we
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Digital integrated circuits I Figur
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Digital integrated circuits I It’
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Digital integrated circuits I The t
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Digital integrated circuits I Trans
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Digital integrated circuits I going
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Digital integrated circuits I OR an
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Digital integrated circuits I For t
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Digital integrated circuits II 11 D
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Digital integrated circuits II A se
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Shutting the ’stable gate Digital
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Digital integrated circuits II gate
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Digital integrated circuits II In o
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Digital integrated circuits II Figu
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Digital integrated circuits II Swit
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Digital integrated circuits II The
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Open the black box Digital integrat
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Digital integrated circuits II Ther
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Glossary Glossary 180 ° out-of-pha
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Glossary bode plots method of showi
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Glossary decibels logarithmic units
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Glossary integrated circuit a semic
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Glossary peak voltage the voltage m
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Glossary squarewave a signal which
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Glossary Components used Resistors
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Glossary Index A ampere, 9 AND gate
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