[Studies in Computational Intelligence 481] Artur Babiarz, Robert Bieda, Karol Jędrasiak, Aleksander Nawrat (auth.), Aleksander Nawrat, Zygmunt Kuś (eds.) - Vision Based Systemsfor UAV Applications (2013, Sprin

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System for Multi-axial Mechanical Stabilization of Digital Camera 181 Fig. 3. Schema of the system with open-loop control A linear function (1) determines the value to be set on the servo in order to turn the next member of the manipulator by a specified angle. Such unit gain allows to transform the Euler angles read from IMU to number of pulses at the output of servomechanisms. The function has the following form: 190 512 (1) Fig. 4. Schema of closed-loop system with PID controller The servomechanisms can take input values in the range starting from 0 to 1023. The range represents values from -135º to +135º. Assuming achievement of the immediate set point by the servos the track consists of a linear function and a separate servo gain. Under such assumption the control system is capable of working. The inverse kinematics is responsible for the determination of the angles that need to be used as set points for servos in order to change the orientation of the camera manipulator by a designated value. Orientation of the camera is a
182 D. Bereska et al. Fig. 5. Schema of the system without stabilization Fig. 6. Schema of the system with open-loop control with prediction combination of table and manipulator orientations. However the partial orientation of the manipulator is dependent of the current and set point orientation. Manipulator reduces the impact of the current orientation by gradually replacing it with a reference value. An alternative approach is to use additional information about the state of the object controlled. Such approach is called the closed-loop control because the stabilized state of the object is used to control the set point values of the next time unit (fig. 4). For the purposes of this publication a variety of algorithms have been developed and implemented in order to test and compare quality of stabilization depending of the algorithm. Tested algorithms were closed-loop control, open-loop control and open-loop control with prediction. As a reference value the offsets of an image from the camera without stabilization (fig. 5).
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Studies in Computational Intelligen
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Aleksander Nawrat · Zygmunt Kuś E
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“In God We Trust, All others we o
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VIII Preface valuable information i
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Contents Part I: Design of Object D
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Contents XIII Technology Developmen
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XVI List of Contributors Adam Czorn
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XVIII List of Contributors Henryk M
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XX List of Contributors Józef Wron
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2 Design of Object Detection, Recog
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4 A. Babiarz et al. 1 Introduction
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6 A. Babiarz et al. The description
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8 A. Babiarz et al. a) b) Fig. 5. T
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10 A. Babiarz et al. o o o “micvo
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12 A. Babiarz et al. a) b) Fig. 7.
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14 A. Babiarz et al. • The camera
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16 A. Babiarz et al. the camera ser
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18 A. Babiarz et al. a) b) Fig. 11.
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20 A. Babiarz et al. patrol point i
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22 A. Babiarz et al. particular ang
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24 A. Babiarz et al. The sample cod
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Recognition and Location of Objects
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48 P. Demski et al. Fig. 1. Automat
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50 P. Demski et al. E-Grip firing m
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52 P. Demski et al. 4 Automatic Tar
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54 P. Demski et al. implementing su
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Object Tracking for Rapid Camera Mo
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Object Tracking in a Picture during
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94 Construction of Image Acquisitio
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96 G. Bieszczad et al. effectivenes
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98 G. Bieszczad et al. such a way t
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100 G. Bieszczad et al. Table 1. No
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102 G. Bieszczad et al. Fig. 7. Pri
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104 G. Bieszczad et al. Fig. 10. Re
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106 G. Bieszczad et al. Fig. 13. Ti
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108 G. Bieszczad et al. Fig. 16. Op
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110 G. Bieszczad et al. has to make
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112 G. Bieszczad et al. MTF functio
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114 G. Bieszczad et al. [11] Krupi
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116 D. Bereska et al. Presented in
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118 D. Bereska et al. Fig. 2. Image
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120 D. Bereska et al. Fig. 4. Ortho
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Omnidirectional Video Acquisition D
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Page 201 and 202: Probabilistic Approach to Planning
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Feature Extraction and HMM-Based Cl
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248 K. Daniec et al. In this articl
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250 K. Daniec et al. Fig. 2. Applic
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252 K. Daniec et al. by the ability
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254 K. Daniec et al. The idea of us
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Selection of Individual Gait Featur
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274 A. Nawrat et al. alia weather c
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276 A. Nawrat et al. have an embedd
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278 A. Nawrat et al. particular cha
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280 A. Nawrat et al. • 1-phase el
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282 A. Nawrat et al. The phase cond
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284 A. Nawrat et al. Table 1. Compa
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286 A. Nawrat et al. P3 P3 P3 71101
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288 A. Nawrat et al. S, VA 4,510 4,
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290 A. Nawrat et al. Comparison dif
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Technology Development of Military
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312 A. Czornik, A. Nawrat, and M. N
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328 M. Koźlak, A. Kurzeja, and A.
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344 Conclusions Control algorithms
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[Studies in Computational Intelligence 481] Artur Babiarz, Robert Bieda, Karol Jędrasiak, Aleksander Nawrat (auth.), Aleksander Nawrat, Zygmunt Kuś (eds.) - Vision Based Systemsfor UAV Applications (2013, Sprin

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