[Studies in Computational Intelligence 481] Artur Babiarz, Robert Bieda, Karol Jędrasiak, Aleksander Nawrat (auth.), Aleksander Nawrat, Zygmunt Kuś (eds.) - Vision Based Systemsfor UAV Applications (2013, Sprin

274 A. Nawrat et al.
alia weather conditions. Therefore, it is important that both the autonomous surveillance
systems embedded in the UAV as well as ground-based systems have
full information about the energy level of the object in order to correctly determine
further actions of the vehicle. The information has to be processed using the
algorithms developed on the basis of extensive mathematical research [32, 33, 34].
Fig. 1. Autonomous flying object measurement and control systems diagram
Legal regulations concerning the issue of smart grid implementation can be
found in the Attachment I.2 to the Directive 2009/72/EC concerning common
rules for the internal market in electricity which obliges the Member States to
assess implementation of smart measurement systems as an important step towards
launching smart grids [2].
Additionally, the Directive 2006/32/EC on energy end-use efficiency and energy
services highlights the necessity to utilize measurement systems which precisely
gauge the factual energy consumed by the end user and provide information on
usage times[1].
The advantages of smart grids include [3]:
• capability to influence the consumers’ behaviour, e.g. to encourage them to use
energy in a fashion that decreases energy consumption and levels power usage
peaks, by introducing appropriate lists of prices;
• ability to better manage the grid, which ensures improved supply safety and
cheaper operations;
• ability to smoothly integrate multiple small energy sources (in particular the
renewable energy), which will contribute to reduction in fossil fuel usage and
carbon dioxide emissions;
• formation of a market where innovative companies can flourish; the number of
jobs is expected to increase; all these factors will beneficially influence the
economic growth.