[Studies in Computational Intelligence 481] Artur Babiarz, Robert Bieda, Karol Jędrasiak, Aleksander Nawrat (auth.), Aleksander Nawrat, Zygmunt Kuś (eds.) - Vision Based Systemsfor UAV Applications (2013, Sprin

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306 T. Czapla and J. Wrona 3.11 Guardium Guardium, developed by G-NIUS Unmanned Ground Systems LTD, is intended to perform missions including convoy security, reconnaissance, surveillance, combat logistic support and also programmed patrols along border routes. Furthermore, it can autonomously respond. The vehicle is equipped with daylight and night-vision camera, metal detector and observation mast (Fig. 11b). A group of vehicles can also cooperate in the network. Vehicle can carry various types of equipment including weapon and non-lethal weapon systems. Platform can work in teleoperated and autonomous mode. Table 10 provides technical data of the vehicle. Table 10. Technical data of Guardium vehicle Weight Length x Width x Height Engine power Max speed Endurance Gradient/side slope 15°/- Vertical step Trench Fording Mode of operation 1400 kg 2.95 x 1.8 x 2.2 m 50 km/h 24 h Tele-operated, autonomous Table 11. Technical data of Black Knight vehicle Weight Length x Width x Height Engine power Max speed Endurance Gradient/side slope Vertical step Trench Fording Mode of operation 9500 kg 4.98 x 2.44 x 2 m 300 hp 77 km/h Tele-operated, autonomous The Black Knight was developed by BAE Systems (Military Today). The purpose of the vehicle is to show capabilities of unmanned tele-operated and autonomous performance. The vehicle could be used for reconnaissance, surveillance and investigation of hazardous areas. Human operator controlling the Black Knight is located inside Bradley guiding vehicle but there is also an option of control via portable device. In autonomous mode vehicle uses sensors like LADAR, thermal camera and GPS for maneuvering and avoiding obstacles (Fig. 12). The vehicle is equipped with 25 mm cannon and coaxial 7.62 mm gun.
Technology Development of Military Applications of Unmanned Ground Vehicles 307 Maneuverability of described vehicle allows it to follow the tanks. Technical data of described vehicle are shown in Table 11. 4 Perspectives and Directions of Unmanned Ground Vehicle Development Asymmetry of contemporary battlefield causes losses not only in equipment but after all in soldiers. So, there is the reason for searching the ways of gaining advantage over the enemy by implementation modern technologies in military equipment and weapons system. New technologies are supposed to achieve the ability of detection, identification and elimination the threats of asymmetric warfare. The main issue is soldiers protection. Their operations in the dangerous areas should be minimized by implementing the unmanned systems: remotely controlled, automatic and in the most advanced solutions – autonomous. To be fully autonomous the artificial technology, navigation, communication techniques should be developed. It is very important to develop the power supply systems. The lessons learned experiences gained in combat missions indicate the need of changing the concept of use the forces by development of new operational capabilities based on usage of newest technologies and techniques to defense against new threats like Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs). IEDs being relatively cheap and simple technology of irregular troops or terrorists but one of the most dangerous threats of asymmetric warfare are able to cause heavy losses to regular forces. These and other threats determine the research efforts to develop the techniques and technologies involving unmanned ground vehicles applications. As they are exposed on risk of being destroyed in the explosion, they should be relatively inexpensive but on the other hand equipped with necessary set of sensors and effectors for proper navigation, reconnaissance, detection and elimination the threats and also efficient communication, control and propulsion system allowing to perform mission with minimum or without human interaction. To be relatively cheap it is worth to focus on modular solutions of the systems to make possible dedicated usage of unmanned ground systems. Finding compromise between these criteria is very difficult and demands building of interdisciplinary consortia of scientific and industrial entities. The permanent end user interaction in all phases of development process and also in the whole life cycle management of the system is necessary. 5 Summary The current threats generate the need for new capabilities. There is a great impact of new technologies on military applications of unmanned ground vehicles. They create new areas of usage of these systems. Asymmetric warfare weapons like Improvised Explosive Devices determines requirements for UGVs.
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Studies in Computational Intelligen
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Aleksander Nawrat · Zygmunt Kuś E
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“In God We Trust, All others we o
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VIII Preface valuable information i
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Contents Part I: Design of Object D
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Contents XIII Technology Developmen
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XVI List of Contributors Adam Czorn
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XVIII List of Contributors Henryk M
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XX List of Contributors Józef Wron
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2 Design of Object Detection, Recog
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4 A. Babiarz et al. 1 Introduction
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Recognition and Location of Objects
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Omnidirectional Video Acquisition D
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Part III Design of Vision Based Con
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[Studies in Computational Intelligence 481] Artur Babiarz, Robert Bieda, Karol Jędrasiak, Aleksander Nawrat (auth.), Aleksander Nawrat, Zygmunt Kuś (eds.) - Vision Based Systemsfor UAV Applications (2013, Sprin

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