Craniofacial Muscles

182 C.L. Ludlow
Maranillo E, Vazquez T, Quer M, Niedenfuhr MR, Leon X, Viejo F, Parkin I, Sanudo JR (2008)
Potential structures that could be confused with a nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve: an
anatomic study. Laryngoscope 118:56–60
Martin RE, Goodyear BG, Gati JS, Menon RS (2001) Cerebral cortical representation of automatic
and volitional swallowing in humans. J Neurophysiol 85:938–950
Martin R, Barr A, Macintosh B, Smith R, Stevens T, Taves D, Gati J, Menon R, Hachinski V
(2007) Cerebral cortical processing of swallowing in older adults. Exp Brain Res 176:12–22
Martin PI, Naeser MA, Ho M, Treglia E, Kaplan E, Baker EH, Pascual-Leone A (2009a) Research
with transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of aphasia. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep
9:451–458
Martin PI, Naeser MA, Ho M, Doron KW, Kurland J, Kaplan J, Wang Y, Nicholas M, Baker EH,
Alonso M, Fregni F, Pascual-Leone A (2009b) Overt naming fMRI pre- and post-TMS: two
non fl uent aphasia patients, with and without improved naming post-TMS. Brain Lang
111:20–35
Mu L, Sanders I (1998) Neuromuscular organization of the human upper esophageal sphincter.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 107:370–377
Mu L, Sanders I (2001) Neuromuscular compartments and fi ber-type regionalization in the human
inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Anat Rec 264:367–377
Mu L, Sanders I (2007) Neuromuscular specializations within human pharyngeal constrictor muscles.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 116:604–617
Mu L, Sanders I (2008) Newly revealed cricothyropharyngeus muscle in the human laryngopharynx.
Anat Rec (Hoboken) 291:927–938
Nicholas CL, Bei B, Worsnop C, Malhotra A, Jordan AS, Saboisky JP, Chan JK, Duckworth E,
White DP, Trinder J (2010) Motor unit recruitment in human genioglossus muscle in response
to hypercapnia. Sleep 33:1529–1538
Oliven A, O’Hearn DJ, Boudewyns A, Odeh M, De Backer W, van de Heyning P, Smith PL, Eisele DW,
Allan L, Schneider H, Testerman R, Schwartz AR (2003) Upper airway response to electrical
stimulation of the genioglossus in obstructive sleep apnea. J Appl Physiol 95:2023–2029
Perlman AL, Luschei ES, Du Mond CE (1989) Electrical activity from the superior pharyngeal
constrictor during re fl exive and nonre fl exive tasks. J Speech Hear Res 32:749–754
Perlman AL, Palmer PM, McCulloch TM, Vandaele DJ (1999) Electromyographic activity from
human laryngeal, pharyngeal, and submental muscles during swallowing. J Appl Physiol
86:1663–1669
Poletto CJ, Verdun LP, Strominger R, Ludlow CL (2004) Correspondence between laryngeal vocal
fold movement and muscle activity during speech and nonspeech gestures. J Appl Physiol
97:858–866
Raffaelli M, Iacobone M, Henry JF (2000) The “false” nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve.
Surgery 128:1082–1087
Rodel RM, Olthoff A, Tergau F, Simonyan K, Kraemer D, Markus H, Kruse E (2004) Human cortical
motor representation of the larynx as assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).
Laryngoscope 114:918–922
Sasaki CT, Suzuki M (1976) Laryngeal re fl exes in cat, dog and man. Arch Otolaryngol 102:400–402
Shaker R, Medda BK, Ren J, Jaradeh S, Xie P, Lang IM (1998) Pharyngoglottal closure re fl ex:
identi fi cation and characterization in a feline model. Am J Physiol 275:G521–G525
Shaker R, Ren J, Bardan E, Easterling C, Dua K, Xie P, Kern M (2003) Pharyngoglottal closure
re fl ex: characterization in healthy young, elderly and dysphagic patients with predeglutitive
aspiration. Gerontology 49:12–20
Shao T, Yang W, Zhang T, Wang Y, Jin X, Li Q, Kuang J, Qiu W, Chu PG, Yen Y (2010) A newly
identi fi ed variation at the entry of the recurrent laryngeal nerve into the larynx. J Invest Surg
23:314–320
Sims S, Yamashita T, Rhew K, Ludlow CL (1996) An evaluation of the use of magnetic stimulation
to measure laryngeal muscle response latencies in normal subjects. Otolaryngol Head Neck
Surg 114:761–767