Craniofacial Muscles

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17 Comparison of the Craniofacial Muscles: A Unifying Hypothesis333Marques MJ, Ferretti R, Vomero VU, Minatel E, Santo Neto H (2007) Intrinsic laryngeal musclesare spared from myonecrosis in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Muscle Nerve 35:349–353McLoon LK, Wirtschafter J (1993) Regional differences in the subacute response of rabbit orbicularisoculi to bupivacaine-induced myotoxicity as quanti fi ed with a neural cell adhesion moleculeimmunohistochemical marker. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 34:3450–3458McLoon LK, Wirtschafter JD (2002) Continuous myonuclear addition to single extraocularmyo fi bers in uninjured adult rabbits. Muscle Nerve 25:348–358McLoon LK, Wirtschafter JD (2003) Activated satellite cells in extraocular muscles of normal,adult monkeys and humans. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44:1927–1932McLoon LK, Rowe J, Wirtschafter JD, McCormick KM (2004) Continuous myo fi ber remodelingin uninjured extraocular myo fi bers: myonuclear turnover and evidence for apoptosis. MuscleNerve 29:707–715McLoon LK, Park H, Kim JH, Pedrosa-Domellöf F, Thompson LV (2011) A continuum ofmyo fi bers in adult rabbit extraocular muscle: force, shortening velocity, and patterns of myosinheavy chain co-localization. J Appl Physiol 111:1178–1189McMullen CA, Andrade FH (2006) Contractile dysfunction and altered metabolic pro fi le of theaging rat thyroarytenoid muscle. J Appl Physiol 100:602–608McMullen CA, Andrade FH (2009) Functional and morphological evidence of age-related denervationin rat laryngeal muscles. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 64:435–442McMullen CA, Ferry AL, Gamboa JL, Andrade FH, Dupont-Versteegden EE (2009) Age-relatedchanges in cell death pathways in rat extraocular muscle. Exp Gerontol 44:420–425Monemi M, Eriksson PO, Kadi F, Butler-Browne GS, Thornell LE (1999) Opposite changes inmyosin heavy chain composition of human masseter and biceps brachii muscles during aging.J Muscle Res Cell Motil 20:351–361Morris TJ, Brandon CA, Horton MJ, Carlson DS, Sciote JJ (2001) Maximum shortening velocityand myosin heavy-chain isoform expression in human masseter muscle fi bers. J Dent Res80:1845–1848Muller J, Vayssiere N, Royuela M, Leger ME, Muller A, Bacou F, Pons F, Hugon G, Mornet D(2001) Comparative evolution of muscular dystrophy in diaphragm, gastrocnemius andmasseter muscles from old male mdx mice. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 22:133–139Nagai H, Russell JA, Jackson MA, Connor NP (2008) Effect of aging on tongue protrusion forcesin rats. Dysphagia 23:116–121Norton M, Verstegeden A, Maxwell LC, McCarter RM (2001) Constancy of masseter musclestructure and function with age in F344 rats. Arch Oral Biol 46:139–146Odman C, Kiliaridis S (1996) Masticatory muscle activity in myotonic dystrophy patients. J OralRehabil 23:5–10Pette D, Staron RS (2000) Myosin isoforms, muscle fi ber types, and transitions. Microsc Res Tech50:500–509Porter JD, Karathanasis P (1998) Extraocular muscle in merosin-de fi cient muscular dystrophy:cation homeostasis is maintained but is not mechanistic in muscle sparing. Cell Tissue Res292:495–501Porter JD, Edney DP, McMahon EJ, Burns LA (1988) Extraocular myotoxicity of the retrobulbaranesthetic bupivacaine hydrochloride. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 29:163–174Porter JD, Merriam AP, Hack AA, Andrade FH, McNally EM (2001) Extraocular muscle is spareddespite the absence of an intact sarcoglycan complex in gamma- or delta-sarcoglycan-de fi cientmice. Neuromuscul Disord 11:197–207Prsa M, Dicke PW, Their P (2010) The absence of eye muscle fatigue indicates that the nervoussystem compensates for non-motor disturbances of oculomotor function. J Neurosci30:15834–15842Ravenscroft G, Colley SM, Walker KR, Clement S, Bringans S, Lipscombe R, Fabian VA, LaingNG, Nowak KJ (2008) Expression of cardiac alpha-actin spares extraocular muscles in skeletalmuscle alpha-actin diseases—quanti fi cation of striated alpha-actins by MRM-mass spectrometry.Neuromuscul Disord 18:953–958
334 L.K. McLoon and F.H. AndradeSambasivan R, Kuratani S, Tajbakhsh S (2011) An eye on the head: development and evolutionof craniofacial muscles. Development 138:2401–2415Sciote JJ, Morris TJ, Brandon CA, Horton MJ, Rosen C (2002) Unloaded shortening velocity andmyosin heavy chain variations in human laryngeal muscle fi bers. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol111:120–127Sciote JJ, Horton MJ, Rowlerson AM, Link J (2003) Specialized cranial muscles: how different arethey from limb and abdominal muscles? Cells Tissues Organs 174:73–86Scopetta C, Morante M, Casali C, Vaccario ML, Mennuni G (1985) Dermatomyositis spares theextraocular muscles. Neurology 35:141Shinners MJ, Goding GS, McLoon LK (2006) Effect of recurrent laryngeal nerve section on thelaryngeal muscles of adult rabbits. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 134:413–418Shiotani A, Flint PW (1998) Expression of extraocular-superfast-myosin heavy chain in rat laryngealmuscles. Neuroreport 9:3639–3642Sjögreen L, Engvall M, Ekström AB, Lohmander A, Kiliaridis S, Tulinius M (2007) Orofacialdysfunction in children and adolescents with myotonic dystrophy. Dev Med Child Neurol49:18–22Sokoloff AJ (2000) Localization and contractile properties of intrinsic longitudinal motor units ofthe rat tongue. J Neurophysiol 84:827–835Spassov A, Gredes T, Gedrange T, Lucke S, Pavlovic D, Kunert-Keil C (2010) Histologicalchanges in masticatory muscles of mdx mice. Arch Oral Biol 55:318–324Spencer RF, McNeer KW (1987) Botulinum toxin paralysis of adult monkey extraocular muscle.Structural alterations in orbital, singly innervated muscle fi bers. Arch Ophthalmol 105:1703–1711Ståhl PS, Lindman R (2000) Characterisation of human soft palate muscles with respect to fi bretypes, myosins, and capillary supply. J Anat 197:275–290Stål P, Eriksson PO, Schiaf fi no S, Butler-Browne GS, Thornell LE (1994) Differences in myosincomposition between human oro-facial, masticatory, and limb muscles: enzyme-, immunohisto-,and biochemical studies. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 15:517–524Stephenson GMM (2001) Hybrid skeletal muscle fi bres: a rare or common phenomenon? Clin ExpPharmacol Physiol 28:692–702Tajbakhsh S, Rocancourt D, Cossu G, Buckingham M (1997) Rede fi ning the genetic hierarchiescontrolling skeletal myogenesis: Pax-3 and Myf-5 act upstream of MyoD. Cell 89:127–138Thomas LB, Joseph GL, Adkins TD, Andrade FH, Stemple JC (2008) Laryngeal muscles arespared in the dystrophin de fi cient mdx mouse. J Speech Lang Hear Res 51:586–595Toniolo L, Patruno M, Maccatrozzo L, Pellegrino MA, Canepari M, Rossi R, D’Antona G,Bottinelli R, Reggiani C, Mascarello F (2004) Fast fi bres in a large animals: fi bre types, contractileproperties, and myosin expression in pig skeletal muscles. J Exp Biol 207:1875–1886Toniolo L, Maccatrozzo L, Patruno M, Caliaro F, Mascarello F, Reggiani C (2005) Expression ofeight distinct MHC isoforms in bovine striated muscles: evidence for MHC-2B presence onlyin extraocular muscles. J Exp Biol 208:4243–4253Tucker HM (1978) Human laryngeal reinnervation: long term experience with the nerve-musclepedicle technique. Laryngoscope 88:598–604Tzahor E, Kempf H, Mootoosamy RC, Poon AC, Abzhanov A, Tabin CJ, Dietrich S, Lassar AB(2003) Antagonists of Wnt and BMP signaling promote the formation of vertebrate head muscle.Genes Dev 17:3087–3099Ugalde I, Christiansen SP, McLoon LK (2005) Botulinum toxin treatment of extraocular musclesin rabbits results in increased myo fi ber remodeling. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46:4114–4120Valez G, Tapia JC, Lichtman JW, Fox MA, Sanes JR (2012) Shared resistance to aging and ALS inneuromuscular junctions of speci fi c muscles. PLoS One 7:e34640Wieczorek DF, Periasamy M, Butler-Browne GS, Whalen RG, Nadal-Ginard B (1985)Co-expression of multiple myosin heavy chain genes, in addition to a tissue-speci fi c one, inextraocular musculature. J Cell Biol 101:618–629
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Craniofacial Muscles
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EditorsLinda K. McLoonDepartment of
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viContents8 Masticatory Muscle Resp
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viiiContributorsMark Lewis School o
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Chapter 1The Craniofacial Muscles:
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1 The Craniofacial Muscles: Argumen
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1 The Craniofacial Muscles: Argumen
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Chapter 2Head Muscle DevelopmentIta
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2 Head Muscle Development132.3 Head
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2 Head Muscle Development15Fig. 2.3
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2 Head Muscle Development17normal h
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2 Head Muscle Development19to specu
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2 Head Muscle Development21as Islet
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2 Head Muscle Development232.10 Sum
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2 Head Muscle Development25Hirsinge
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2 Head Muscle Development27Rudnicki
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Part IIIExtraocular Muscles
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32 L.K. McLoon et al.Fig. 3.1 Diagr
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34 L.K. McLoon et al.Fig. 3.4 Speci
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36 L.K. McLoon et al.3.4 Unusual Ch
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38 L.K. McLoon et al.Fig. 3.7 Longi
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40 L.K. McLoon et al.Fig. 3.8 Co-ex
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42 L.K. McLoon et al.Fig. 3.9 An ex
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44 L.K. McLoon et al.Fig. 3.10 Use
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46 L.K. McLoon et al.3.9 SummaryIn
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48 L.K. McLoon et al.Fuchs AF, Bind
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50 L.K. McLoon et al.Tajbakhsh S, R
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52 V.E. DasFig. 4.1 Initial studies
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54 V.E. DasFig. 4.2 Schematic view
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56 V.E. DasFig. 4.3 Top panel —co
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58 V.E. Das4.3 Motor Control of Con
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60 V.E. DasFig. 4.6 Schematic showi
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62 V.E. DasFR: fi ring rateD t : ne
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64 V.E. Dasresponses of abducens ne
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66 V.E. Dasend (Buttner-Ennever et
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68 V.E. Dascontrolled by appropriat
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70 V.E. Das4.6 SummaryThe oculomoto
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72 V.E. DasHoerantner R, Kaltofen T
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74 V.E. DasTweed DB, Haslwanter TP,
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76 F. Pedrosa Domellöfcompletely d
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78 F. Pedrosa DomellöfFig. 5.2 NMJ
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80 F. Pedrosa DomellöfHowever, bec
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82 F. Pedrosa Domellöfadhesions be
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84 F. Pedrosa Domellöfshown that (
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86 F. Pedrosa DomellöfReferencesAg
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88 F. Pedrosa DomellöfMori M, Kuwa
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Chapter 6Masticatory Muscle Structu
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6 Masticatory Muscle Structure and
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112 B.J. Sessle et al.zygomaticus m
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114 B.J. Sessle et al.Fig. 7.1 ( a
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116 B.J. Sessle et al.Most of the m
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118 B.J. Sessle et al.lie immediate
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120 B.J. Sessle et al.(Dubner et al
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122 B.J. Sessle et al.Fig. 7.3 An e
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124 B.J. Sessle et al.that each out
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126 B.J. Sessle et al.2010 ; Plowma
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128 B.J. Sessle et al.activities. S
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130 B.J. Sessle et al.Moayedi M, We
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132 S.L. Hebert et al.type 3 and cr
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134 S.L. Hebert et al.This early de
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136 S.L. Hebert et al.that EMG valu
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138 S.L. Hebert et al.Newton JP, Ab
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Chapter 9Structure and Function of
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9 Structure and Function of the Lar
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Chapter 10Motor Control and Biomech
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10 Motor Control and Biomechanics o
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186 J.C. Stemple et al.established
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188 J.C. Stemple et al.of protein d
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190 J.C. Stemple et al.the depictio
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192 J.C. Stemple et al.Fig. 11.2 Ul
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194 J.C. Stemple et al.11.6 Larynge
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196 J.C. Stemple et al.Neurapraxia,
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198 J.C. Stemple et al.of the preci
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200 J.C. Stemple et al.Gardner GM,
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202 J.C. Stemple et al.Rhee HS, Luc
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Part VITongue Musculature
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208 A. Sokoloff and T. BurkholderTh
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210 A. Sokoloff and T. BurkholderFi
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212 A. Sokoloff and T. Burkholder12
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214 A. Sokoloff and T. Burkholderou
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216 A. Sokoloff and T. Burkholderbe
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218 A. Sokoloff and T. Burkholderel
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220 A. Sokoloff and T. BurkholderFi
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222 A. Sokoloff and T. BurkholderCo
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224 A. Sokoloff and T. BurkholderAn
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226 A. Sokoloff and T. BurkholderOl
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Chapter 13Tongue Biomechanics and M
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Fig. 13.1 Retrogradely labeled enti
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13 Tongue Biomechanics and Motor Co
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Chapter 14Tongue Muscle Responseto
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14 Tongue Muscle Response to Neurom
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Part VIIFacial Muscles
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266 A.O. Grobbelaar and A.C.S. Wool
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Page 277 and 278: 280 A.O. Grobbelaar and A.C.S. Wool
Page 285 and 286: 288 J. Park et al.Table 16.1 Disord
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Page 299 and 300: 302 J. Park et al.Long-term effect
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Page 319 and 320: Part VIIISummary and Conclusions
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Page 331 and 332: IndexAAbducens nucleusvs. lateral r
Page 333 and 334: Index339Embryonic myosin heavy chai
Page 335 and 336: IndexLLagophthalmos , 304, 308Lamin
Page 337 and 338: Indexmuscular dystrophy , 187-190my
Page 339: Index345hydrostat mass reduction ,
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