Craniofacial Muscles

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344 IndexSpastic facial muscle disorders (cont.)myectomy , 307–308neurectomy , 309oral medications , 306psychotherapy , 305–306selective facial nerve (CNVII)ablation , 309superior cervical ganglion block , 309Suc-cinic dehydrogenase , 43Superior cricoarytenoid (SCA) , 188Swallow expansion device (SED) , 161TTardive dyskinesia , 296–297Temporalis muscle , 92Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) , 112Thyroarytenoid muscle (TA) , 143Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO) , 81–82Thyroid disease , 81–82Tissue inhibitors of the metalloproteinases(TIMPs) , 97, 98Titin , 78Tongue , 207–208biomechanics , 230, 242functionsfood manipulation , 235–237protrusion , 233–234respiration , 234–235retrusion , 233–234speech , 237–238suckling and swallowing , 235–237hypoglossal nerve, motor activationdorsal compartment , 232hypoglossal nucleus , 230, 231innervation , 230motoneuron projections , 230, 231kinematicschewing , 245crystal pairs locations , 244, 245drinking cycle , 245–246expansion–contraction , 246hypoglossal motor system , 243–244ingestion cycles , 245jaw movement and muscleactivity , 248–250mastication , 245pharyngeal constrictor , 245post-injury adaptations , 251respiration , 246–247rhythmic activity bursts , 247spatio-temporal coupling , 247–248swallowing , 245ultrasonic crystal array , 242, 243volumetric mass reduction( see Volumetric reduction, tongue)mastication , 218movement, neuromuscular basisanatomy and localization , 217–218MEP morphology and muscle fi berinnervation , 216physiology , 215–216theoretical considerations , 215–216muscle fi ber biochemistryaging , 222–223capillarization and oxidativemetabolism , 221–222MyHC composition , 220–221MyHC isoform , 219–220speech production , 218muscular anatomydeformable solid , 209–211muscle anatomy andinnervation , 208–210primarily longitudinalorientation , 214–215primarily transverseorientation , 213–214respiration , 218somatic sensation , 232–233type II tongue, animals , 229Tonic-positive myo fi bers , 43Tourette’s syndrome , 315Transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) , 121, 172Trismus , 134Trunk muscle-associated satellitecells , 16UUpper esophageal sphincter (UES) , 158VVagal nerve injury , 171Vergence eye movements , 68–69Vestibulo-ocular re fl ex , 55Visible scar , 308Voigt elements , 52–53Volumetric reduction, tonguecraniofacial growth and dentitionformation , 257–259mass reduction and tongue kinematicsfood leaking , 252functional modi fi cation , 252genioglossus , 251
Index345hydrostat mass reduction , 251maladaptation , 253muscular mass reduction , 252morphological and histologicconsequencesimmunohistochemical study , 256mandibular dentition , 253, 254partial fi brosis , 257sham tongues comparison , 255surgical incisions , 254surgical injury , 257WWallenberg syndrome , 171XXeomin®, 301Xeropthalmia , 267YYoked muscles , 33
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Craniofacial Muscles
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EditorsLinda K. McLoonDepartment of
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viContents8 Masticatory Muscle Resp
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viiiContributorsMark Lewis School o
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Chapter 1The Craniofacial Muscles:
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1 The Craniofacial Muscles: Argumen
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1 The Craniofacial Muscles: Argumen
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Chapter 2Head Muscle DevelopmentIta
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2 Head Muscle Development132.3 Head
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2 Head Muscle Development15Fig. 2.3
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2 Head Muscle Development17normal h
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2 Head Muscle Development19to specu
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2 Head Muscle Development21as Islet
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2 Head Muscle Development232.10 Sum
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2 Head Muscle Development25Hirsinge
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2 Head Muscle Development27Rudnicki
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Part IIIExtraocular Muscles
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32 L.K. McLoon et al.Fig. 3.1 Diagr
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34 L.K. McLoon et al.Fig. 3.4 Speci
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36 L.K. McLoon et al.3.4 Unusual Ch
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38 L.K. McLoon et al.Fig. 3.7 Longi
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40 L.K. McLoon et al.Fig. 3.8 Co-ex
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42 L.K. McLoon et al.Fig. 3.9 An ex
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44 L.K. McLoon et al.Fig. 3.10 Use
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46 L.K. McLoon et al.3.9 SummaryIn
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48 L.K. McLoon et al.Fuchs AF, Bind
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50 L.K. McLoon et al.Tajbakhsh S, R
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52 V.E. DasFig. 4.1 Initial studies
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54 V.E. DasFig. 4.2 Schematic view
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56 V.E. DasFig. 4.3 Top panel —co
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58 V.E. Das4.3 Motor Control of Con
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60 V.E. DasFig. 4.6 Schematic showi
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62 V.E. DasFR: fi ring rateD t : ne
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64 V.E. Dasresponses of abducens ne
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66 V.E. Dasend (Buttner-Ennever et
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68 V.E. Dascontrolled by appropriat
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70 V.E. Das4.6 SummaryThe oculomoto
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72 V.E. DasHoerantner R, Kaltofen T
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74 V.E. DasTweed DB, Haslwanter TP,
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76 F. Pedrosa Domellöfcompletely d
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78 F. Pedrosa DomellöfFig. 5.2 NMJ
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80 F. Pedrosa DomellöfHowever, bec
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82 F. Pedrosa Domellöfadhesions be
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84 F. Pedrosa Domellöfshown that (
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86 F. Pedrosa DomellöfReferencesAg
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88 F. Pedrosa DomellöfMori M, Kuwa
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Chapter 6Masticatory Muscle Structu
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6 Masticatory Muscle Structure and
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112 B.J. Sessle et al.zygomaticus m
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114 B.J. Sessle et al.Fig. 7.1 ( a
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116 B.J. Sessle et al.Most of the m
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118 B.J. Sessle et al.lie immediate
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120 B.J. Sessle et al.(Dubner et al
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122 B.J. Sessle et al.Fig. 7.3 An e
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124 B.J. Sessle et al.that each out
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126 B.J. Sessle et al.2010 ; Plowma
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128 B.J. Sessle et al.activities. S
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130 B.J. Sessle et al.Moayedi M, We
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132 S.L. Hebert et al.type 3 and cr
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134 S.L. Hebert et al.This early de
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136 S.L. Hebert et al.that EMG valu
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138 S.L. Hebert et al.Newton JP, Ab
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Chapter 9Structure and Function of
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9 Structure and Function of the Lar
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Chapter 10Motor Control and Biomech
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10 Motor Control and Biomechanics o
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186 J.C. Stemple et al.established
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188 J.C. Stemple et al.of protein d
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190 J.C. Stemple et al.the depictio
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192 J.C. Stemple et al.Fig. 11.2 Ul
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194 J.C. Stemple et al.11.6 Larynge
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196 J.C. Stemple et al.Neurapraxia,
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198 J.C. Stemple et al.of the preci
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200 J.C. Stemple et al.Gardner GM,
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202 J.C. Stemple et al.Rhee HS, Luc
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Part VITongue Musculature
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208 A. Sokoloff and T. BurkholderTh
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210 A. Sokoloff and T. BurkholderFi
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212 A. Sokoloff and T. Burkholder12
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214 A. Sokoloff and T. Burkholderou
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216 A. Sokoloff and T. Burkholderbe
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218 A. Sokoloff and T. Burkholderel
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220 A. Sokoloff and T. BurkholderFi
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222 A. Sokoloff and T. BurkholderCo
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224 A. Sokoloff and T. BurkholderAn
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226 A. Sokoloff and T. BurkholderOl
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Chapter 13Tongue Biomechanics and M
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Fig. 13.1 Retrogradely labeled enti
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13 Tongue Biomechanics and Motor Co
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Chapter 14Tongue Muscle Responseto
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14 Tongue Muscle Response to Neurom
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Part VIIFacial Muscles
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266 A.O. Grobbelaar and A.C.S. Wool
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288 J. Park et al.Table 16.1 Disord
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Page 319 and 320: Part VIIISummary and Conclusions
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