Craniofacial Muscles

11 Laryngeal Muscle Response to Neuromuscular Diseases and Speci fi c Pathologies
199
human ILMs. Given the known cell biology changes that are manifest as a function
of denervation, we hypothesize that other forms of neurological insult and disease
produce different forms of histological changes in ILMs. The nature of these changes
remains to be discovered.
References
Amin M, Harris D, Cassel S, Grimes E, Heiman-Patterson T (2006) Sensory testing in the assessment
of laryngeal sensation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Otol Rhinol
Laryngol 115(7):528–534
Andrade FH, Porter JD, Kaminski HJ (2000) Eye muscle sparing by the muscular dystrophies:
lessons to be learned? Microsc Res Tech 48(3–4):192–203
Andrade FH, Merriam AP, Guo W et al (2003) Paradoxical absence of M lines and down regulation
of creatine kinase in mouse extraocular muscle. J Appl Physiol 95(2):692–699
Andrade FH, Hatala DA, McMullen CA (2004) Carbonic anhydrase isoform expression and functional
role in rodent extraocular muscle. P fl ugers Arch 448(5):547–551
Andrade FH, McMullen CA, Rumbaut RE (2005) Mitochondria are fast Ca2+ sinks in rat extraocular
muscles: a novel regulatory in fl uence on contractile function and metabolism. Invest
Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46(12):4541–4547
Bendiksen FS, Dahl HA, Teig E (1981) Innervation pattern of different types of muscle fi bres in
the human thyroarytenoid muscle. Acta Otolaryngol 91(5–6):391–397
Benninger MS, Gillman JB, Altman JS (1998) Changing etiology of vocal fold immobility.
Laryngoscope 108:1346–1350
Brandon C, Rosen C, Georgelis G, Horton M, Mooney M, Sciote J (2003a) Muscle fi ber type
composition and effects of vocal fold immobilization on the two compartments of the human
posterior cricoarytenoid: a case study of four patients. J Voice 17(1):63–75
Brandon CA, Rosen C, Georgelis G, Horton MJ, Mooney MP, Sciote JJ (2003b) Staining of human
thyroarytenoid muscle with myosin antibodies reveals some unique extrafusal fi bers, but no
muscle spindles. J Voice 17(2):245–254
Cheng G, Merriam AP, Gong B, Leahy P, Khanna S, Porter JD (2004) Conserved and musclegroup-speci
fi c gene expression patterns shape postnatal development of the novel extraocular
muscle phenotype. Physiol Genomics 18(2):184–195
Close RI, Luff AR (1974) Dynamic properties of inferior rectus muscle of the rat. J Physiol
236(2):259–270
Davis E (1914) Myasthenia gravis, with affection of the larynx and soft palate. Proc R Soc Med
7(Laryngol Sect):63–65
DePaul R, Brooks BR (1993) Multiple orofacial indices in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Speech
Hear Res 36(6):1158–1167
Dursum G, Sataloff R, Spiegel J et al (1996) Superior laryngeal nerve paralysis and paresis. J Voice
10:206–211
Engel AG, Banker BQ (1994) Ultrastructural changes in diseased muscle. In: Engel AG, Franzini-
Armstrong C (eds) Myology, vol 1, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 889–1017
Feehery JM, Pribitkin EA, Heffel fi nger RN et al (2003) The evolving etiology of bilateral vocal
fold immobility. J Voice 17(1):76–81
Fischer MD, Budak MT, Bakay M et al (2005) De fi nition of the unique human extraocular muscle
allotype by expression pro fi ling. Physiol Genomics 22(3):283–291
Fry L, Stemple J, Andreatta R, Harrison A, Andrade F (2010) Effect of dystrophin de fi ciency on
selected intrinsic laryngeal muscles of the mdx mouse. J Speech Lang Hear Res 53:633–647
Gambino DR, Malmgren JT, Gacek RR (1985) Three-dimensional computer reconstruction of the
neuromuscular junction in human posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. Laryngoscope 95:556–590