Craniofacial Muscles

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182 C.L. LudlowMaranillo E, Vazquez T, Quer M, Niedenfuhr MR, Leon X, Viejo F, Parkin I, Sanudo JR (2008)Potential structures that could be confused with a nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve: ananatomic study. Laryngoscope 118:56–60Martin RE, Goodyear BG, Gati JS, Menon RS (2001) Cerebral cortical representation of automaticand volitional swallowing in humans. J Neurophysiol 85:938–950Martin R, Barr A, Macintosh B, Smith R, Stevens T, Taves D, Gati J, Menon R, Hachinski V(2007) Cerebral cortical processing of swallowing in older adults. Exp Brain Res 176:12–22Martin PI, Naeser MA, Ho M, Treglia E, Kaplan E, Baker EH, Pascual-Leone A (2009a) Researchwith transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of aphasia. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep9:451–458Martin PI, Naeser MA, Ho M, Doron KW, Kurland J, Kaplan J, Wang Y, Nicholas M, Baker EH,Alonso M, Fregni F, Pascual-Leone A (2009b) Overt naming fMRI pre- and post-TMS: twonon fl uent aphasia patients, with and without improved naming post-TMS. Brain Lang111:20–35Mu L, Sanders I (1998) Neuromuscular organization of the human upper esophageal sphincter.Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 107:370–377Mu L, Sanders I (2001) Neuromuscular compartments and fi ber-type regionalization in the humaninferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Anat Rec 264:367–377Mu L, Sanders I (2007) Neuromuscular specializations within human pharyngeal constrictor muscles.Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 116:604–617Mu L, Sanders I (2008) Newly revealed cricothyropharyngeus muscle in the human laryngopharynx.Anat Rec (Hoboken) 291:927–938Nicholas CL, Bei B, Worsnop C, Malhotra A, Jordan AS, Saboisky JP, Chan JK, Duckworth E,White DP, Trinder J (2010) Motor unit recruitment in human genioglossus muscle in responseto hypercapnia. Sleep 33:1529–1538Oliven A, O’Hearn DJ, Boudewyns A, Odeh M, De Backer W, van de Heyning P, Smith PL, Eisele DW,Allan L, Schneider H, Testerman R, Schwartz AR (2003) Upper airway response to electricalstimulation of the genioglossus in obstructive sleep apnea. J Appl Physiol 95:2023–2029Perlman AL, Luschei ES, Du Mond CE (1989) Electrical activity from the superior pharyngealconstrictor during re fl exive and nonre fl exive tasks. J Speech Hear Res 32:749–754Perlman AL, Palmer PM, McCulloch TM, Vandaele DJ (1999) Electromyographic activity fromhuman laryngeal, pharyngeal, and submental muscles during swallowing. J Appl Physiol86:1663–1669Poletto CJ, Verdun LP, Strominger R, Ludlow CL (2004) Correspondence between laryngeal vocalfold movement and muscle activity during speech and nonspeech gestures. J Appl Physiol97:858–866Raffaelli M, Iacobone M, Henry JF (2000) The “false” nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve.Surgery 128:1082–1087Rodel RM, Olthoff A, Tergau F, Simonyan K, Kraemer D, Markus H, Kruse E (2004) Human corticalmotor representation of the larynx as assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).Laryngoscope 114:918–922Sasaki CT, Suzuki M (1976) Laryngeal re fl exes in cat, dog and man. Arch Otolaryngol 102:400–402Shaker R, Medda BK, Ren J, Jaradeh S, Xie P, Lang IM (1998) Pharyngoglottal closure re fl ex:identi fi cation and characterization in a feline model. Am J Physiol 275:G521–G525Shaker R, Ren J, Bardan E, Easterling C, Dua K, Xie P, Kern M (2003) Pharyngoglottal closurere fl ex: characterization in healthy young, elderly and dysphagic patients with predeglutitiveaspiration. Gerontology 49:12–20Shao T, Yang W, Zhang T, Wang Y, Jin X, Li Q, Kuang J, Qiu W, Chu PG, Yen Y (2010) A newlyidenti fi ed variation at the entry of the recurrent laryngeal nerve into the larynx. J Invest Surg23:314–320Sims S, Yamashita T, Rhew K, Ludlow CL (1996) An evaluation of the use of magnetic stimulationto measure laryngeal muscle response latencies in normal subjects. Otolaryngol Head NeckSurg 114:761–767
10 Motor Control and Biomechanics of Laryngeal and Pharyngeal Muscles183Smith A, Zelaznik HN (2004) Development of functional synergies for speech motor coordinationin childhood and adolescence. Dev Psychobiol 45:22–33Smith PL, Eisele DW, Podszus T, Penzel T, Grote L, Peter JH, Schwartz AR (1996) Electricalstimulation of upper airway musculature. Sleep 19:S284–S287Soros P, Lalone E, Smith R, Stevens T, Theurer J, Menon RS, Martin RE (2008) Functional MRIof oropharyngeal air-pulse stimulation. Neuroscience 153:1300–1308Strohl KP, Hensley MJ, Hallett M, Saunders NA, Ingram RHJ (1980) Activation of upper airwaymuscles before onset of inspiration in normal humans. J Appl Physiol 48:638–642Theurer JA, Bihari F, Barr AM, Martin RE (2005) Oropharyngeal stimulation with air-pulse trainsincreases swallowing frequency in healthy adults. Dysphagia 20:254–260Theurer JA, Czachorowski KA, Martin LP, Martin RE (2009) Effects of oropharyngeal air-pulsestimulation on swallowing in healthy older adults. Dysphagia 24:302–313Toniato A, Mazzarotto R, Piotto A, Bernante P, Pagetta C, Pelizzo MR (2004) Identi fi cation of thenonrecurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery: 20-year experience. World J Surg28:659–661Widdicombe J, Addington R (2006) Modi fi ed endoscopic swallowing test for improved diagnosisand prevention of aspiration. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 263:1057–1058; author reply 1059
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Craniofacial Muscles
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EditorsLinda K. McLoonDepartment of
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viContents8 Masticatory Muscle Resp
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viiiContributorsMark Lewis School o
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Chapter 1The Craniofacial Muscles:
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1 The Craniofacial Muscles: Argumen
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1 The Craniofacial Muscles: Argumen
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Chapter 2Head Muscle DevelopmentIta
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2 Head Muscle Development132.3 Head
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2 Head Muscle Development15Fig. 2.3
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2 Head Muscle Development17normal h
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2 Head Muscle Development19to specu
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2 Head Muscle Development21as Islet
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2 Head Muscle Development232.10 Sum
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2 Head Muscle Development25Hirsinge
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2 Head Muscle Development27Rudnicki
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Part IIIExtraocular Muscles
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32 L.K. McLoon et al.Fig. 3.1 Diagr
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34 L.K. McLoon et al.Fig. 3.4 Speci
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36 L.K. McLoon et al.3.4 Unusual Ch
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38 L.K. McLoon et al.Fig. 3.7 Longi
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40 L.K. McLoon et al.Fig. 3.8 Co-ex
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42 L.K. McLoon et al.Fig. 3.9 An ex
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44 L.K. McLoon et al.Fig. 3.10 Use
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46 L.K. McLoon et al.3.9 SummaryIn
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48 L.K. McLoon et al.Fuchs AF, Bind
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50 L.K. McLoon et al.Tajbakhsh S, R
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52 V.E. DasFig. 4.1 Initial studies
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54 V.E. DasFig. 4.2 Schematic view
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56 V.E. DasFig. 4.3 Top panel —co
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58 V.E. Das4.3 Motor Control of Con
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60 V.E. DasFig. 4.6 Schematic showi
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62 V.E. DasFR: fi ring rateD t : ne
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64 V.E. Dasresponses of abducens ne
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66 V.E. Dasend (Buttner-Ennever et
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68 V.E. Dascontrolled by appropriat
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70 V.E. Das4.6 SummaryThe oculomoto
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72 V.E. DasHoerantner R, Kaltofen T
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74 V.E. DasTweed DB, Haslwanter TP,
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76 F. Pedrosa Domellöfcompletely d
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78 F. Pedrosa DomellöfFig. 5.2 NMJ
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80 F. Pedrosa DomellöfHowever, bec
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82 F. Pedrosa Domellöfadhesions be
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84 F. Pedrosa Domellöfshown that (
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86 F. Pedrosa DomellöfReferencesAg
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88 F. Pedrosa DomellöfMori M, Kuwa
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Chapter 6Masticatory Muscle Structu
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6 Masticatory Muscle Structure and
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112 B.J. Sessle et al.zygomaticus m
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114 B.J. Sessle et al.Fig. 7.1 ( a
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116 B.J. Sessle et al.Most of the m
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118 B.J. Sessle et al.lie immediate
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120 B.J. Sessle et al.(Dubner et al
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122 B.J. Sessle et al.Fig. 7.3 An e
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124 B.J. Sessle et al.that each out
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126 B.J. Sessle et al.2010 ; Plowma
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128 B.J. Sessle et al.activities. S
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Page 197 and 198: 196 J.C. Stemple et al.Neurapraxia,
Page 199 and 200: 198 J.C. Stemple et al.of the preci
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Page 205 and 206: Part VITongue Musculature
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Page 227 and 228: Chapter 13Tongue Biomechanics and M
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13 Tongue Biomechanics and Motor Co
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13 Tongue Biomechanics and Motor Co
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Chapter 14Tongue Muscle Responseto
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14 Tongue Muscle Response to Neurom
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Part VIIFacial Muscles
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266 A.O. Grobbelaar and A.C.S. Wool
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288 J. Park et al.Table 16.1 Disord
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290 J. Park et al.Table 16.2 Jankov
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292 J. Park et al.16.2.3 Pathophysi
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294 J. Park et al.evident eyelid sq
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296 J. Park et al.Focal motor seizu
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298 J. Park et al.Fig. 16.1 Content
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300 J. Park et al.Botox ® in human
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302 J. Park et al.Long-term effect
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304 J. Park et al.is as high as 50%
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306 J. Park et al.Table 16.4 Drugs
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308 J. Park et al.septum should be
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310 J. Park et al.16.9 Hemifacial S
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312 J. Park et al.16.9.5 TreatmentB
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314 J. Park et al.regeneration beca
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316 J. Park et al.Alderson K, Holds
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318 J. Park et al.Grandas F, Elston
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320 J. Park et al.McCord CD Jr (198
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Part VIIISummary and Conclusions
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326 L.K. McLoon and F.H. Andrade17.
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332 L.K. McLoon and F.H. AndradeDie
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334 L.K. McLoon and F.H. AndradeSam
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IndexAAbducens nucleusvs. lateral r
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Index339Embryonic myosin heavy chai
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IndexLLagophthalmos , 304, 308Lamin
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Indexmuscular dystrophy , 187-190my
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Index345hydrostat mass reduction ,
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