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Lithological Map of the Japanese Archipelago Fig 1: Newly developed lithological map of Japan. - 140 -
Groundwater treatment technologies Christoph Schüth Contamination of groundwater with organic contaminants, especially chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds (CHCs) and petroleum hydrocarbons as constituents of gasoline, is a wide-spread problem in industrialized countries. The treatment of the contaminated groundwater is in most cases achieved by pumping it through an adsorbent on-site, e.g. granular activated carbon (GAC). The efficiency of such a system can be further increased by air stripping the contaminants, as the sorption capacities of these compounds on GAC are increased out of the gas-phase, due to the minimization or absence of competitive effects of the groundwater itself or other groundwater solutes. Fig. 1: HFM module. The contaminated groundwater enters the module at one side and flows over the shellside (outside) of the hollow fibers to the outlet. Nitrogen is used as an inert strip gas and is applied on the lumenside (inside) of the hollow fibers in counterflow. Furthermore, alternative destructive treatment options for the gas phase exist, e.g. catalytic oxidation, or reductive catalysis especially for chlorinated compounds. Packed tower aeration is the most common stripping method, although it has several disadvantages. An alternative approach is the use of polypropylene hollow 1 100 fiber membrane modules (HFM), that are routinely used for the degassing of process waters e.g. in the electronics industry or for 0.1 50 the deaeration of bottled beverages (Fig. 1). With a very small footprint, these units provide a large surface area for mass transfer and enable an independent control of gas and liquid flow rates without the risk of flooding. Volume specific overall mass transfer coefficients for HFM 0.01 0 0.01 0.1 1 H (-) Fig. 2: Removal efficiencies for the 12 compounds using three different experimental conditions (water flow rate constant tant at 0.4 l/min, gas flow and pressure combinations of 2.0 l/min and 0.25 atm (open circles), 0.8 l/min and 0.1 atm (solid circles), 0.4 l/min and 0.05 atm (solid triangles) respectively, resembling constant Ra/w ratios of 20, and co rresponding mass balances (symbols with dotted lines). stripping have been reported to be an order of magnitude higher compared to packed C/C0 (-) NAP 1,1,2,2-TCA MTBE - 141 - 1,2-DCA 1,2-DCB 1,4-DCB CB cis-1,2-DCE TOL TCE PCE 1,1-DCE Mass balance (%)
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ANNUAL REPORT 2 0 0 6 FACULTY OF MA
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Annual Report 2006 Faculty 11 Mater
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Preface The year 2006 of the Depart
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difference of numerical and analyti
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Institute of Materials Science Phys
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Research Projects Bulk Amorphous Al
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el Dsoki, C.; Landersheim, V. ; Kau
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Das, J.; Kim, K. B.; Xu, W.; Wei, B
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Staff Members Head Prof. Dr. Jürge
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Zhou L.; Rixecker G.; Aldinger F.;
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concerned with the synthesis and ch
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Publications Fleissner, A.; Schmid,
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• Surface analysis The UHV-surfac
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T. Mayer, U. Weiler, E. Mankel and
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Thin films The Thin Film division w
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Berky, W.; Gottschalk, S.; Elliman,
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Guest Scientists Research Projects
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Hesse, S.; Zimmermann, J.; von Segg
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Structure Research The research in
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Research Projects Functional Advanc
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Dincer, I.; Elerman, Y.; Elmali, A;
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hexakis(imidazole)nickel(II)bis(for
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Chemical Analytics The chemical ana
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Collaborations The above mentioned
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Hoffmann, P.; Non-Invasive Identifi
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Ferroelectrics For this class of ma
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Materials Modelling The research ac
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Materials for Renewable Energies In
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Joint Research Laboratory Nanomater
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Collaborative Research Center (SFB)
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B7 P.I.: Prof. H. v. Seggern / Dr.
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The glass transition temperature (T
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transition allows to investigate at
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Relative density 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.8
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Fig. 2 shows the time dependencies
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Dielectric interface trap engineeri
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∆V C q th eff 12 −2 p ( VGS = 0
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Fig. 3: Schematic of the photovolta
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synthesis and analysis of interface
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Fig. 2: Resistivity vs temperature
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Fig. 2: X-ray appearance near-edge
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Capacity [mAhg -1 ] 700 600 500 400
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Texture investigations and field em
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screening effects. Gold coating of
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Figure 2 shows a selected region of
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