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Rift dynamics, uplift and climate change in Equatorial Africa: Sybille Roller, Matthias Hinderer, Jens Hornung Situated in the central western branch of the East African Rift system, the Rwenzori Mountains and adjacent rift flanks are the highest uplifted rift flanks on earth. Their extreme uplift may have significantly contributed to the aridisation of East Africa since the Late Miocene. Within the DFG research Unit (Forschergruppe “RIFTLINK” with University of Frankfurt, University of Mainz and other institutions) we are running the sedimentological part which is titled: Linking source and sink in the Rwenzori Mountains and adjacent rift basins, Uganda: landscape evolution and the sedimentary record of extreme uplift The goal of the subproject is to study the erosional denudation of the Rwenzori Mountains since their extreme uplift in the Late Miocene. This comprises both, analysis of the erosional features and landscape evolution, as well as the sedimentary record in the adjacent rift basins. The working programme for the running time of the project is based on three investigation fields: 1.) “Source region”: Erosion and fluvial transport, 2.) “Sink region”: Basin analysis, 3.) “Modelling”: Numerical simulations of landscape evolution including basin fill history. Prevailing questions concern the close connection between the extreme uplift and the erosive unloading and the chronological relation of both processes. Therefore, we try to understand the role of endogenic processes, the role of climate, and the possibility of a dynamic balance between uplift and denudation. We intend to develop a timestratigraphic frame from the Late Miocene to Present. Moreover we will calculate denudation rates, sediment efflux, and interpret the controlling factors of both processes. Dense tropical vegetation and thick pedogenesis to a certain extent hamper continuous and area-wide sedimentological investigations, but some scarcely available outcrops provide insights both in the lake and river sediments and into several of the uplift induced alluvial fan deposits, respectively, and admit some relative age assumptions, as well as examinations of lithology, structure, and facies-type. Ages of younger alluvial sediments are determined using Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating. Erosion rates are evaluated by measuring the concentration of in-situ produced Terrigenic Cosmogenic Nuclides (TCN; e.g. 10 Be) in the quartz grains of river sands. The results will then be integrated into an evolutionary model of erosion, sediment flux, and rift basin fill for the central western branch of the East African Rift. A first field campaign was carried out in August 2006 to get an idea about the quantity and quality of the loosely distributed outcrops. For a complete data set of erosion rates, quartz-bearing river sand was sampled in 14 prominent rivers all around the Rwenzori Mountains on Ugandan territory. In the meantime the material entered its complex preparation process for concentration measurement of 10 Be in the accelerator mass - 146 -
spectrometer (AMS) (method performed in cooperation with University of Hannover and AMS-Laboratory in Glasgow). During a second field campaign in January/February 2007 several stratigraphic sections in the Semliki, Bundibugyo, Mobuku, and Kasese areas were mapped in detail to resolve the temporal and spatial relationship between lake sediments, distal floodplain sediments, and proximal alluvial fan deposits. Interfingering is complex due to contemporaneous influence of both fluctuating climatic and tectonic events. At key localities and if lithology was appropriate, lightproof samples for OSL-dating were excavated. Comparable to TCN-dating, the OSL-method requires highly sophisticated preparation and measurement performance that can be provided by the OSL lab at Liverpool University. A high-resolution DEM (30m) helps to analyse the landscape morphometry of the rift flanks. Beside a visual interpretation of the DEM, ArcGIS helps to quantify the morphometric parameters (catchment size, hydrological properties). Fig. 1: High resolution DEM of the Rwenzori Mountains situated in the western branch of the East African Rift system. - 147 -
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ANNUAL REPORT 2 0 0 6 FACULTY OF MA
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Annual Report 2006 Faculty 11 Mater
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Preface The year 2006 of the Depart
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difference of numerical and analyti
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Institute of Materials Science Phys
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Research Projects Bulk Amorphous Al
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el Dsoki, C.; Landersheim, V. ; Kau
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Das, J.; Kim, K. B.; Xu, W.; Wei, B
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Staff Members Head Prof. Dr. Jürge
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Zhou L.; Rixecker G.; Aldinger F.;
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concerned with the synthesis and ch
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Publications Fleissner, A.; Schmid,
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• Surface analysis The UHV-surfac
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T. Mayer, U. Weiler, E. Mankel and
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Thin films The Thin Film division w
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Berky, W.; Gottschalk, S.; Elliman,
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Guest Scientists Research Projects
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Hesse, S.; Zimmermann, J.; von Segg
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Structure Research The research in
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Research Projects Functional Advanc
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Dincer, I.; Elerman, Y.; Elmali, A;
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hexakis(imidazole)nickel(II)bis(for
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Chemical Analytics The chemical ana
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Collaborations The above mentioned
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Hoffmann, P.; Non-Invasive Identifi
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Ferroelectrics For this class of ma
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Materials Modelling The research ac
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Materials for Renewable Energies In
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Joint Research Laboratory Nanomater
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Collaborative Research Center (SFB)
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B7 P.I.: Prof. H. v. Seggern / Dr.
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The glass transition temperature (T
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transition allows to investigate at
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Relative density 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.8
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Fig. 2 shows the time dependencies
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Dielectric interface trap engineeri
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synthesis and analysis of interface
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Capacity [mAhg -1 ] 700 600 500 400
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Texture investigations and field em
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screening effects. Gold coating of
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Figure 2 shows a selected region of
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The spectrum shows that apart from
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The effect of crystallinity on the
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Electrochemical investigation and c
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