Microbiology, 2021

Review Questions 554
CHAPTER 14
Antimicrobial Drugs 557
Introduction 557
14.1 History of Chemotherapy and Antimicrobial Discovery 558
14.2 Fundamentals of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 562
14.3 Mechanisms of Antibacterial Drugs 566
14.4 Mechanisms of Other Antimicrobial Drugs 580
14.5 Drug Resistance 591
14.6 Testing the Effectiveness of Antimicrobials 597
14.7 Current Strategies for Antimicrobial Discovery 601
Summary 604
Review Questions 606
CHAPTER 15
Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity 611
Introduction 611
15.1 Characteristics of Infectious Disease 612
15.2 How Pathogens Cause Disease 618
15.3 Virulence Factors of Bacterial and Viral Pathogens 629
15.4 Virulence Factors of Eukaryotic Pathogens 643
Summary 646
Review Questions 647
CHAPTER 16
Disease and Epidemiology 651
Introduction 651
16.1 The Language of Epidemiologists 652
16.2 Tracking Infectious Diseases 657
16.3 Modes of Disease Transmission 663
16.4 Global Public Health 673
Summary 677
Review Questions 678
CHAPTER 17
Innate Nonspecific Host Defenses 683
Introduction 683
17.1 Physical Defenses 684
17.2 Chemical Defenses 691
17.3 Cellular Defenses 700
17.4 Pathogen Recognition and Phagocytosis 708
17.5 Inflammation and Fever 713
Summary 719
Review Questions 720
CHAPTER 18
Adaptive Specific Host Defenses 725
Introduction 725
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