Microbiology, 2021

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1228 Index 999, 1001, 1002, 1006, 1051, 1051, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1056, 1057, 1057, 1060, 1061, 1104 DPT vaccine 915 Dracunculiasis 199 Dracunculus medinensis 199 droplet nucleus 666 droplet sprays 665 droplet transmission 665 drug resistance 591 dry ice 519 dry weight of a culture sample 341 dry-heat sterilization 515 dsDNA 233, 386 dsRNA 233 DTaP 915 Dunaliella salina 357 duodenum 983 dura mater 1094 dural sheath 1096 dynein 122 dysentery 986, 994, 1002 dyspnea 767 dysuria 948, 951, 957 E E (exit) site 426 E. coli 411, 412, 413, 425, 426, 436, 443, 445, 447, 449, 449, 450, 453, 794 ear infection 577 East African trypanosomiasis 1127 Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) 1113 Ebola 672, 673 Ebola epidemics 238 Ebola hemorrhagic fever 613 Ebola virus 751 Ebolavirus 1070 echinocandins 581 Echinococcus granulosus 196 echocardiogram 1047 eclipse phase 237 econazole 885 ectopic pregnancy 957 ectoplasm 180 edema 631, 698, 713, 1042, 1043 Edward Jenner 754 effector cells 742 efflux pump 593, 594 efflux pumps 344 eflornithine 1128 EHEC 620, 623 Ehrlich 559 Ehrlichia 141 Ehrlichia chaffeensis 1056 Eikenella 899 Eikenella corrodens 1047 Eimeria 179 elastase 644 electrochemical gradient 312 electromagnetic radiation (EMR) 39 electron carrier 290 electron donor 318 electron microscope 51 electron transfer 296 electron transport system 312 electron transport system (ETS) 301 electronic cell counting device 336 electroporation 476 elementary bodies 150 elephantiasis 715 ELISA 634, 866, 951 elongation in DNA replication 413 elongation in transcription 420 elongation of translation 426 Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway 296 Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway 305 embryonated bird’s egg 241 emerging infectious diseases 673 Emerson respirators 1118 enamel 982, 986, 986, 988, 989 enantiomers 260 encephalitis 925, 992, 1098 encystment 179 endemic disease 654 endergonic reaction 288, 291 endocarditis 157, 775, 990, 1042 endocrine function 696 endocytosis 120, 232, 627 endomembrane system 111 endomysium 784 endoplasm 180 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 112 endoscope 512 endoscopy 784 endospore 508 Endospore staining 64 endospores 48, 64, 91, 135, 161, 1004 endosymbiotic hypothesis 80 endosymbiotic theory 81, 117, 396 endothelia 689 endothelial cells 685 endotoxin 634, 900, 1006 enfuviritide 588 enhancer 455 enriched media 358 enrichment culture 358 Entamoeba 184 Entamoeba histolytica 388, 584, 585 entecavir 1015 enteric 145 enteritis 986 enteritis necroticans 1004 Enterobacter 146 Enterobacter spp. 594 Enterobacteriaceae 145, 347, 358 enterobiasis 1024 Enterobius vermicularis 193, 1024 Enterococcus 160, 163 Enterococcus faecalis 949, 1047 Enterococcus faecium 594 Enterocystozoan bieneusi 207 enterocyte effacement 999 enterocytes 983 enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) 999 enterohemorrhagic E. coli (O157:H7) 620 Access for free at openstax.org.
Index 1229 Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) 999 Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) 999 enterotoxigenic E. coli 388 Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) 998 enterotoxin 162, 637, 996, 999, 1004, 1006, 1087 enterotoxins 994, 1006 enteroviruses 588 Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway 297 enveloped virus 224 enzyme 292, 292, 293 Enzyme IIA 450 Enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) 246, 831 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) 833 eosin 60 eosinophil 769, 777 eosinophils 703, 704, 733 EPEC 613 epidemic disease 654 epidemic typhus 139, 1056 epidemiology 651, 652 epidermis 686, 854 Epidermophyton 204, 580, 882 epididymis 945 epididymitis 947, 952, 958 epigenetic regulation 455 epigenetics 394 epiglottis 896 epiglottitis 901 epilepsy 1129 epinephrine 765, 782 EpiPen 765 epiphytes 213 epithelial cells 687 epitopes 728, 747, 811 Epsilonproteobacteria 148 Epstein-Barr virus 236, 587, 617, 744, 825, 1013, 1065, 1065, 1099 Epulopiscium 342 equivalence zone 811 ergosterol 271, 580, 580, 581 ergosterols 202, 209 ergotism 643 Erwinia 146 erysipelas 866 erythema 713, 864 erythema infectiosum 879 erythema nodosum 866 erythrocyte 700 erythrocyte antigen 773 erythrogenic toxin 902 erythromycin 572, 869, 871, 874, 952, 961, 1001, 1002, 1060 eschar 870 Escherichia 146 Escherichia coli 135, 145, 162, 289, 351, 370, 469, 508, 620, 794, 866, 904, 948, 949, 979, 998, 1100 Escherichia coli O157:H7 98 ESKAPE pathogens 594 esophagus 983 estrogen 945, 947 ETEC 388, 398, 398, 620, 630 Etest 599 ether linkages 167 ethidium bromide 432, 481 ethyl alcohol 535 Ethylene oxide 540 etiologic agent 656 etiology 652 etoposide 1065 etravirine 588 ETS 312 eucalyptol 529, 988 Euglena 190 Euglenozoa 190 Eukarya 132 eukaryote 18 eukaryotic cells 86, 103 eukaryotic flagella 122 eukaryotic membranes 119 Eumycetozoa 185 Euryarchaeota 168 eustachian tube 896 eutrophication 317, 319 ex situ bioremediation 320 Excavata 181 excystment 179 exergonic reaction 288 exocytosis 120 exoenzyme 631 exoenzyme S 868 exon 421 exonuclease 414 exophthalmia 784 exotoxin 634, 900, 1045 exotoxin A 868 exotoxins 1006 Experimental epidemiology 662 experimental studies 662 exponential growth phase 333 exposure 624 extended-spectrum β- lactamases (ESBLs) 595 extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis 596 extracellular matrix 121 extracellular pathogens 794 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 343 extrachromosomal DNA 344, 396 extrapolymeric substance (EPS) 54, 626 extravasation 708 extremophiles 167 eye 858 EZ medium 358 F F pilus 100, 443, 472 F plasmid 443 F plasmids 472 F’ plasmid 443 F+ cell 443 F− cell 443 Fab antigen-binding sites 732 Fab region 729, 733 facilitated diffusion 94, 120 facultative anaerobe 346 facultative intracellular pathogens 627 FAD 290 FADH2 290 Falkow 620 false-negative 806, 1117 false-positive 806, 1117 false-positives 814
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Microbiology SENIOR CONTRIBUTING AU
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OPENSTAX OpenStax provides free, pe
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Contents Preface 1 CHAPTER 1 An Inv
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9.2 Oxygen Requirements for Microbi
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18.1 Overview of Specific Adaptive
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Appendix C Metabolic Pathways 1155
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Preface 1 PREFACE Welcome to Microb
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Preface 3 that often confer critica
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Preface 5 further. Our features inc
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Preface 7 and science, and pursues
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CHAPTER 1 An Invisible World Figure
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1.1 • What Our Ancestors Knew 11
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1.2 • A Systematic Approach 17 Th
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1.2 • A Systematic Approach 19 Fi
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1.2 • A Systematic Approach 21 Ta
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1.3 • Types of Microorganisms 23
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1 • Summary 31 SUMMARY 1.1 What O
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1 • Review Questions 33 17. The p
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CHAPTER 2 How We See the Invisible
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2.1 • The Properties of Light 37
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2.1 • The Properties of Light 39
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2.2 • Peering Into the Invisible
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2.3 • Instruments of Microscopy 4
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2.4 • Staining Microscopic Specim
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2 • Review Questions 71 REVIEW QU
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CHAPTER 3 The Cell Figure 3.1 Micro
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3.1 • Spontaneous Generation 75 F
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3.2 • Foundations of Modern Cell
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3.3 • Unique Characteristics of P
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3.4 • Unique Characteristics of E
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3 • Summary 125 SUMMARY 3.1 Spont
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3 • Review Questions 127 3. Which
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3 • Review Questions 129 Critical
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CHAPTER 4 Prokaryotic Diversity Fig
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4.1 • Prokaryote Habitats, Relati
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4.2 • Proteobacteria 139 for or s
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4.2 • Proteobacteria 141 Class Al
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4.2 • Proteobacteria 143 Class Be
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4.2 • Proteobacteria 145 Figure 4
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4.2 • Proteobacteria 147 Class Ga
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4.3 • Nonproteobacteria Gram-Nega
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4.4 • Gram-Positive Bacteria 157
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4.6 • Archaea 167 The class Therm
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4.6 • Archaea 169 thus is a livin
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4 • Summary 171 SUMMARY 4.1 Proka
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4 • Review Questions 173 REVIEW Q
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4 • Review Questions 175 39. Expl
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CHAPTER 5 The Eukaryotes of Microbi
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5.1 • Unicellular Eukaryotic Para
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Figure 5.7 5.1 • Unicellular Euka
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5.2 • Parasitic Helminths 193 hel
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5.2 • Parasitic Helminths 195 Fig
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5.2 • Parasitic Helminths 197 Fig
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5.2 • Parasitic Helminths 199 MIC
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5.3 • Fungi 201 Figure 5.25 Multi
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5.3 • Fungi 203 Figure 5.27 zygos
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5.3 • Fungi 205 diploid stages (F
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5.3 • Fungi 207 Figure 5.32 prese
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5.3 • Fungi 209 MICRO CONNECTIONS
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5.4 • Algae 211 and other photosy
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5.5 • Lichens 213 Figure 5.37 Chl
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5.5 • Lichens 215 marina. (b) Thi
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5 • Review Questions 217 REVIEW Q
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CHAPTER 6 Acellular Pathogens Figur
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6.1 • Viruses 221 assembly of vir
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6.1 • Viruses 223 Viral Structure
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6.1 • Viruses 225 Figure 6.5 (a)
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6.1 • Viruses 227 LINK TO LEARNIN
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6.2 • The Viral Life Cycle 229 on
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6.2 • The Viral Life Cycle 231 Fi
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6.2 • The Viral Life Cycle 237 by
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6.2 • The Viral Life Cycle 239 Ca
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6.3 • Isolation, Culture, and Ide
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6.4 • Viroids, Virusoids, and Pri
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6.4 • Viroids, Virusoids, and Pri
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6 • Summary 253 SUMMARY 6.1 Virus
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6 • Review Questions 255 18. A/an
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CHAPTER 7 Microbial Biochemistry Fi
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7.1 • Organic Molecules 259 Figur
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7.1 • Organic Molecules 261 Figur
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7.2 • Carbohydrates 263 and the m
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7.2 • Carbohydrates 265 Figure 7.
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7.3 • Lipids 267 Figure 7.11 Star
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7.3 • Lipids 269 Figure 7.13 This
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7.3 • Lipids 271 Figure 7.15 Five
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7.4 • Proteins 273 Figure 7.17 Am
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7.4 • Proteins 275 Figure 7.19 Re
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7.4 • Proteins 277 Figure 7.23 Pr
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7.5 • Using Biochemistry to Ident
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7.5 • Using Biochemistry to Ident
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7 • Review Questions 283 as hormo
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7 • Review Questions 285 19. A tr
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CHAPTER 8 Microbial Metabolism Figu
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8.1 • Energy, Matter, and Enzymes
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8.2 • Catabolism of Carbohydrates
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8.3 • Cellular Respiration 301 8.
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8.3 • Cellular Respiration 303 Fi
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8.4 • Fermentation 305 If respira
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8.4 • Fermentation 307 Common Fer
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8.5 • Catabolism of Lipids and Pr
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8.6 • Photosynthesis 311 independ
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8.6 • Photosynthesis 313 Oxygenic
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8.7 • Biogeochemical Cycles 315 L
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8.7 • Biogeochemical Cycles 317 N
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8.7 • Biogeochemical Cycles 319 F
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8.7 • Biogeochemical Cycles 321 F
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8 • Summary 323 oxygen as the fin
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8 • Review Questions 325 4. To wh
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8 • Review Questions 327 Matching
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CHAPTER 9 Microbial Growth Figure 9
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9.1 • How Microbes Grow 331 and a
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9.1 • How Microbes Grow 333 The G
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9.1 • How Microbes Grow 335 Susta
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9.1 • How Microbes Grow 337 chang
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9.1 • How Microbes Grow 339 Figur
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9.1 • How Microbes Grow 341 trans
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9.1 • How Microbes Grow 343 micro
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9.2 • Oxygen Requirements for Mic
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9.3 • The Effects of pH on Microb
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9.4 • Temperature and Microbial G
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9.4 • Temperature and Microbial G
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9.5 • Other Environmental Conditi
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9.6 • Media Used for Bacterial Gr
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9 • Summary 361 SUMMARY 9.1 How M
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9 • Review Questions 363 7. Filam
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9 • Review Questions 365 Matching
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9 • Review Questions 367 Critical
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CHAPTER 10 Biochemistry of the Geno
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10.1 • Using Microbiology to Disc
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10.2 • Structure and Function of
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10 • Summary 401 SUMMARY 10.1 Usi
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10 • Review Questions 403 3. Whic
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10 • Review Questions 405 Short A
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CHAPTER 11 Mechanisms of Microbial
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11.1 • The Functions of Genetic M
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11.2 • DNA Replication 411 Figure
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11.2 • DNA Replication 413 Figure
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11.2 • DNA Replication 415 strand
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11.2 • DNA Replication 417 telome
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11.3 • RNA Transcription 419 Figu
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11.3 • RNA Transcription 421 the
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11.4 • Protein Synthesis (Transla
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11.5 • Mutations 429 Effects of M
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11.5 • Mutations 431 In recent ye
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11.5 • Mutations 433 Figure 11.20
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11.5 • Mutations 435 formation of
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11.6 • How Asexual Prokaryotes Ac
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11.7 • Gene Regulation: Operon Th
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11 • Summary 457 SUMMARY 11.1 The
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11 • Summary 459 undamaged DNA st
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11 • Review Questions 461 11. Whi
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11 • Review Questions 463 46. ___
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71. The following figure is from Mo
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CHAPTER 12 Modern Applications of M
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12.1 • Microbes and the Tools of
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12.2 • Visualizing and Characteri
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12.3 • Whole Genome Methods and P
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12.3 • Whole Genome Methods and P
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12.4 • Gene Therapy 499 Figure 12
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12.4 • Gene Therapy 501 overall w
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12 • Summary 503 SUMMARY 12.1 Mic
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12 • Review Questions 505 11. The
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CHAPTER 13 Control of Microbial Gro
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13.1 • Controlling Microbial Grow
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13.2 • Using Physical Methods to
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13.3 • Using Chemicals to Control
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13.4 • Testing the Effectiveness
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13 • Summary 553 commonly used to
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13 • Review Questions 555 12. Ble
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CHAPTER 14 Antimicrobial Drugs Figu
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14.1 • History of Chemotherapy an
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14.1 • History of Chemotherapy an
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14.2 • Fundamentals of Antimicrob
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14.2 • Fundamentals of Antimicrob
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14.3 • Mechanisms of Antibacteria
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14.4 • Mechanisms of Other Antimi
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14.5 • Drug Resistance 591 Common
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14.5 • Drug Resistance 593 negati
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14.5 • Drug Resistance 595 Clavul
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14.7 • Current Strategies for Ant
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14.7 • Current Strategies for Ant
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14 • Summary 605 cells. • Becau
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14 • Review Questions 609 50. Why
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CHAPTER 15 Microbial Mechanisms of
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15.1 • Characteristics of Infecti
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15.2 • How Pathogens Cause Diseas
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15.3 • Virulence Factors of Bacte
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15.4 • Virulence Factors of Eukar
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15.4 • Virulence Factors of Eukar
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15 • Review Questions 647 protect
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15 • Review Questions 649 Critica
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CHAPTER 16 Disease and Epidemiology
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16.1 • The Language of Epidemiolo
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16.1 • The Language of Epidemiolo
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16.2 • Tracking Infectious Diseas
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16.3 • Modes of Disease Transmiss
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16.4 • Global Public Health 673 C
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16.4 • Global Public Health 675 S
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16 • Summary 677 SUMMARY 16.1 The
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16 • Review Questions 679 Matchin
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16 • Review Questions 681 20. Wha
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CHAPTER 17 Innate Nonspecific Host
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17.1 • Physical Defenses 685 Over
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17.1 • Physical Defenses 687 know
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17.1 • Physical Defenses 689 Figu
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17.2 • Chemical Defenses 691 Phys
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17.2 • Chemical Defenses 693 sali
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17.2 • Chemical Defenses 695 prod
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17.2 • Chemical Defenses 697 Figu
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17.2 • Chemical Defenses 699 Clin
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17.3 • Cellular Defenses 701 Hema
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17.3 • Cellular Defenses 703 stra
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17.3 • Cellular Defenses 705 Clin
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17.3 • Cellular Defenses 707 Figu
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17.4 • Pathogen Recognition and P
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17.4 • Pathogen Recognition and P
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17.5 • Inflammation and Fever 713
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17 • Summary 719 SUMMARY 17.1 Phy
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17 • Review Questions 721 8. Hist
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17 • Review Questions 723 Short A
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CHAPTER 18 Adaptive Specific Host D
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18.1 • Overview of Specific Adapt
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18.2 • Major Histocompatibility C
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18.3 • T Lymphocytes and Cellular
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18.4 • B Lymphocytes and Humoral
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18.4 • B Lymphocytes and Humoral
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18.5 • Vaccines 751 pathogen—bu
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18.5 • Vaccines 753 Eye on Ethics
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18.5 • Vaccines 755 for Disease C
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18.5 • Vaccines 757 Classes of Va
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18 • Summary 759 SUMMARY 18.1 Ove
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18 • Review Questions 761 5. MHC
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18 • Review Questions 763 20. Mat
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CHAPTER 19 Diseases of the Immune S
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19.1 • Hypersensitivities 767 Fig
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19.1 • Hypersensitivities 769 bin
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19.1 • Hypersensitivities 771 mec
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19.1 • Hypersensitivities 775 CHE
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19.1 • Hypersensitivities 777 Cli
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19.1 • Hypersensitivities 779 MIC
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19.2 • Autoimmune Disorders 783 t
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19.2 • Autoimmune Disorders 785 F
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19.2 • Autoimmune Disorders 787 M
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19.2 • Autoimmune Disorders 789 F
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19.3 • Organ Transplantation and
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19.4 • Immunodeficiency 793 and m
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19.4 • Immunodeficiency 795 CHECK
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19.5 • Cancer Immunobiology and I
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19 • Summary 799 SUMMARY 19.1 Hyp
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19 • Review Questions 801 13. All
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CHAPTER 20 Laboratory Analysis of t
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20.1 • Polyclonal and Monoclonal
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20.2 • Detecting Antigen-Antibody
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20.3 • Agglutination Assays 823 a
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20.3 • Agglutination Assays 825 F
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20.3 • Agglutination Assays 829 s
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20.4 • EIAs and ELISAs 831 Mechan
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20.4 • EIAs and ELISAs 833 Figure
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20.4 • EIAs and ELISAs 837 • Wh
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20.5 • Fluorescent Antibody Techn
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20 • Review Questions 849 20.4 EI
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20 • Review Questions 851 15. Sup
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CHAPTER 21 Skin and Eye Infections
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21.1 • Anatomy and Normal Microbi
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21.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
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21.3 • Viral Infections of the Sk
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21.3 • Viral Infections of the Sk
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21.4 • Mycoses of the Skin 881 se
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21.4 • Mycoses of the Skin 883 fr
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21.4 • Mycoses of the Skin 885 Fi
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21.5 • Protozoan and Helminthic I
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21.5 • Protozoan and Helminthic I
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21 • Summary 891 SUMMARY 21.1 Ana
Page 907 and 908:
Page 909 and 910:
CHAPTER 22 Respiratory System Infec
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Page 913 and 914:
Page 915 and 916:
Page 917 and 918:
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Page 921 and 922:
Page 923 and 924:
Page 925 and 926:
Page 927 and 928:
Page 929 and 930:
Page 931 and 932:
Page 933 and 934:
22.3 • Viral Infections of the Re
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Page 939 and 940:
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Page 943 and 944:
Page 945 and 946:
22.4 • Respiratory Mycoses 931 ha
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22.4 • Respiratory Mycoses 933 Fi
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22.4 • Respiratory Mycoses 935 re
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Figure 22.29 22.4 • Respiratory M
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22 • Review Questions 939 200 vir
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Page 957 and 958:
CHAPTER 23 Urogenital System Infect
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Page 961 and 962:
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Page 967 and 968:
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Page 971 and 972:
Page 973 and 974:
Page 975 and 976:
Page 977 and 978:
Page 979 and 980:
Page 981 and 982:
Page 983 and 984:
23.5 • Fungal Infections of the R
Page 985 and 986:
23.6 • Protozoan Infections of th
Page 987 and 988:
Page 989 and 990:
23 • Summary 975 SUMMARY 23.1 Ana
Page 991 and 992:
Page 993 and 994:
CHAPTER 24 Digestive System Infecti
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Page 997 and 998:
Page 999 and 1000:
Page 1001 and 1002:
24.2 • Microbial Diseases of the
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Page 1009 and 1010:
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24.4 • Viral Infections of the Ga
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24.6 • Helminthic Infections of t
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Page 1041 and 1042:
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Page 1047 and 1048:
24 • Summary 1033 SUMMARY 24.1 An
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Page 1051 and 1052:
CHAPTER 25 Circulatory and Lymphati
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25.1 • Anatomy of the Circulatory
Page 1055 and 1056:
25.1 • Anatomy of the Circulatory
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25.3 • Viral Infections of the Ci
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Figure 25.26 25.3 • Viral Infecti
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25.4 • Parasitic Infections of th
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Page 1101 and 1102:
Page 1103 and 1104:
25 • Review Questions 1089 • To
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25 • Review Questions 1091 Critic
Page 1107 and 1108:
CHAPTER 26 Nervous System Infection
Page 1109 and 1110:
26.1 • Anatomy of the Nervous Sys
Page 1111 and 1112:
26.1 • Anatomy of the Nervous Sys
Page 1113 and 1114:
26.2 • Bacterial Diseases of the
Page 1115 and 1116:
Page 1117 and 1118:
Page 1119 and 1120:
Page 1121 and 1122:
Page 1123 and 1124:
Page 1125 and 1126:
Page 1127 and 1128:
26.3 • Acellular Diseases of the
Page 1129 and 1130:
Page 1131 and 1132:
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Page 1135 and 1136:
Page 1137 and 1138:
Figure 26.19 26.3 • Acellular Dis
Page 1139 and 1140:
26.4 • Fungal and Parasitic Disea
Page 1141 and 1142:
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Page 1147 and 1148:
26 • Review Questions 1133 are fa
Page 1149 and 1150:
26 • Review Questions 1135 Matchi
Page 1151 and 1152:
26 • Review Questions 1137 59. Th
Page 1153 and 1154:
A • Fundamentals of Physics and C
Page 1155 and 1156:
Page 1157 and 1158:
Page 1159 and 1160:
Page 1161 and 1162:
Page 1163 and 1164:
B • Mathematical Basics 1149 APPE
Page 1165 and 1166:
B • Mathematical Basics 1151 Mult
Page 1167 and 1168:
B • Mathematical Basics 1153 The
Page 1169 and 1170:
C • Metabolic Pathways 1155 APPEN
Page 1171 and 1172:
C • Metabolic Pathways 1157 Entne
Page 1173 and 1174:
C • Metabolic Pathways 1159 Figur
Page 1175 and 1176:
C • Metabolic Pathways 1161 Elect
Page 1177 and 1178:
APPENDIX D Taxonomy of Clinically R
Page 1179 and 1180:
D • Taxonomy of Clinically Releva
Page 1181 and 1182:
Page 1183 and 1184:
Page 1185 and 1186:
Page 1187 and 1188:
Page 1189 and 1190:
Page 1191 and 1192: E • Glossary 1177 APPENDIX E Glos
Page 1193 and 1194: E • Glossary 1179 destruction by
Page 1195 and 1196: E • Glossary 1181 pollutants from
Page 1197 and 1198: E • Glossary 1183 chromosome disc
Page 1199 and 1200: E • Glossary 1185 cysts are forme
Page 1201 and 1202: E • Glossary 1187 occurring ectop
Page 1203 and 1204: E • Glossary 1189 molecules of DN
Page 1205 and 1206: E • Glossary 1191 glycoprotein co
Page 1207 and 1208: E • Glossary 1193 image point is
Page 1209 and 1210: E • Glossary 1195 discontinuously
Page 1211 and 1212: E • Glossary 1197 infection cause
Page 1213 and 1214: E • Glossary 1199 target cells by
Page 1215 and 1216: E • Glossary 1201 intact ribosome
Page 1217 and 1218: E • Glossary 1203 point source sp
Page 1219 and 1220: E • Glossary 1205 complexes forme
Page 1221 and 1222: E • Glossary 1207 antibody is fir
Page 1223 and 1224: E • Glossary 1209 the number of c
Page 1225 and 1226: E • Glossary 1211 the reciprocal
Page 1227 and 1228: E • Glossary 1213 vector animal (
Page 1229 and 1230: 1215 ANSWER KEY Chapter 1 1. D 2. D
Page 1231 and 1232: 1217 B 18. A, C, B 19. peristalsis
Page 1233 and 1234: Index 1219 INDEX Symbols +ssRNA 237
Page 1235 and 1236: Index 1221 antigen-presenting cells
Page 1237 and 1238: Index 1223 Bordetella 142 Bordetell
Page 1239 and 1240: Index 1225 chromosomes 372, 394 chr
Page 1241: Index 1227 de Duve 113 dead zone 35
Page 1245 and 1246: Index 1231 Gardnerella vaginalis 47
Page 1247 and 1248: Index 1233 shunt 298 Hfr cell 443 H
Page 1249 and 1250: Index 1235 iron lungs 1118 iron-sul
Page 1251 and 1252: Index 1237 maturation 230 mature na
Page 1253 and 1254: Index 1239 Health 501 National Noti
Page 1255 and 1256: Index 1241 patterns (PAMPs) 710 pat
Page 1257 and 1258: Index 1243 primary lymphoid tissue
Page 1259 and 1260: Index 1245 596, 1048, 1051, 1051 ri
Page 1261 and 1262: Index 1247 sterilant 511, 541 steri
Page 1263 and 1264: Index 1249 toxigenicity 633 toxin 6
Page 1265: Index 1251 water activity 522 water
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Microbiology, 2021

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