Microbiology, 2021

680 16 • Review Questions
11. Match each pioneer of epidemiology with his or
her contribution.
___Florence Nightingale
A. determined the
source of a cholera
outbreak in
London
___Robert Koch
B. showed that
surgical wound
infection rates
could be
dramatically
reduced by using
carbolic acid to
disinfect surgical
tools, bandages,
and surgical sites
___Joseph Lister
C. compiled data on
causes of mortality
in soldiers, leading
to innovations in
military medical
care
___John Snow
D. developed a
methodology for
conclusively
determining the
etiology of disease
Fill in the Blank
12. The ________ collects data and conducts
epidemiologic studies in the United States.
13. ________occurs when an infected individual
passes the infection on to other individuals, who
pass it on to still others, increasing the
penetration of the infection into the susceptible
population.
14. A batch of food contaminated with botulism
exotoxin, consumed at a family reunion by most
of the members of a family, would be an
example of a ________ outbreak.
Short Answer
18. During an epidemic, why might the prevalence
of a disease at a particular time not be equal to
the sum of the incidences of the disease?
15. A patient in the hospital with a urinary catheter
develops a bladder infection. This is an example
of a(n) ________ infection.
16. A ________ is an animal that can transfer
infectious pathogens from one host to another.
17. The ________ collects data and conducts
epidemiologic studies at the global level.
19. In what publication would you find data on
emerging/reemerging diseases in the United
States?
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