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Microbiology SENIOR CONTRIBUTING AU
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OPENSTAX OpenStax provides free, pe
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Contents Preface 1 CHAPTER 1 An Inv
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9.2 Oxygen Requirements for Microbi
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18.1 Overview of Specific Adaptive
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Appendix C Metabolic Pathways 1155
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Preface 1 PREFACE Welcome to Microb
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Preface 3 that often confer critica
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Preface 5 further. Our features inc
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Preface 7 and science, and pursues
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CHAPTER 1 An Invisible World Figure
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1.1 • What Our Ancestors Knew 11
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1.1 • What Our Ancestors Knew 13
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1.1 • What Our Ancestors Knew 15
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1.2 • A Systematic Approach 17 Th
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1.2 • A Systematic Approach 19 Fi
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1.2 • A Systematic Approach 21 Ta
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1.3 • Types of Microorganisms 23
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1.3 • Types of Microorganisms 25
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1.3 • Types of Microorganisms 27
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1.3 • Types of Microorganisms 29
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1 • Summary 31 SUMMARY 1.1 What O
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1 • Review Questions 33 17. The p
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CHAPTER 2 How We See the Invisible
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2.1 • The Properties of Light 37
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2.1 • The Properties of Light 39
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2.2 • Peering Into the Invisible
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2.3 • Instruments of Microscopy 4
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2.3 • Instruments of Microscopy 4
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2.3 • Instruments of Microscopy 4
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2.3 • Instruments of Microscopy 4
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2.3 • Instruments of Microscopy 5
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2.3 • Instruments of Microscopy 5
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2.3 • Instruments of Microscopy 5
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2.3 • Instruments of Microscopy 5
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2.4 • Staining Microscopic Specim
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2.4 • Staining Microscopic Specim
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2.4 • Staining Microscopic Specim
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2.4 • Staining Microscopic Specim
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2.4 • Staining Microscopic Specim
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2.4 • Staining Microscopic Specim
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2 • Review Questions 71 REVIEW QU
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CHAPTER 3 The Cell Figure 3.1 Micro
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3.1 • Spontaneous Generation 75 F
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3.2 • Foundations of Modern Cell
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3.2 • Foundations of Modern Cell
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3.2 • Foundations of Modern Cell
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3.2 • Foundations of Modern Cell
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3.3 • Unique Characteristics of P
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3.3 • Unique Characteristics of P
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3.3 • Unique Characteristics of P
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3.3 • Unique Characteristics of P
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3.3 • Unique Characteristics of P
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3.3 • Unique Characteristics of P
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3.3 • Unique Characteristics of P
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3.3 • Unique Characteristics of P
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3.3 • Unique Characteristics of P
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3.4 • Unique Characteristics of E
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3.4 • Unique Characteristics of E
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3.4 • Unique Characteristics of E
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3.4 • Unique Characteristics of E
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3.4 • Unique Characteristics of E
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3.4 • Unique Characteristics of E
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3.4 • Unique Characteristics of E
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3.4 • Unique Characteristics of E
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3.4 • Unique Characteristics of E
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3.4 • Unique Characteristics of E
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3.4 • Unique Characteristics of E
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3 • Summary 125 SUMMARY 3.1 Spont
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3 • Review Questions 127 3. Which
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3 • Review Questions 129 Critical
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CHAPTER 4 Prokaryotic Diversity Fig
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4.1 • Prokaryote Habitats, Relati
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4.1 • Prokaryote Habitats, Relati
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4.1 • Prokaryote Habitats, Relati
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4.2 • Proteobacteria 139 for or s
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4.2 • Proteobacteria 141 Class Al
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4.2 • Proteobacteria 143 Class Be
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4.2 • Proteobacteria 145 Figure 4
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4.2 • Proteobacteria 147 Class Ga
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4.3 • Nonproteobacteria Gram-Nega
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4.3 • Nonproteobacteria Gram-Nega
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4.3 • Nonproteobacteria Gram-Nega
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4.3 • Nonproteobacteria Gram-Nega
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4.4 • Gram-Positive Bacteria 157
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4.4 • Gram-Positive Bacteria 159
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4.4 • Gram-Positive Bacteria 161
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4.4 • Gram-Positive Bacteria 163
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4.4 • Gram-Positive Bacteria 165
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4.6 • Archaea 167 The class Therm
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4.6 • Archaea 169 thus is a livin
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4 • Summary 171 SUMMARY 4.1 Proka
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4 • Review Questions 173 REVIEW Q
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4 • Review Questions 175 39. Expl
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CHAPTER 5 The Eukaryotes of Microbi
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5.1 • Unicellular Eukaryotic Para
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5.1 • Unicellular Eukaryotic Para
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Figure 5.7 5.1 • Unicellular Euka
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5.1 • Unicellular Eukaryotic Para
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5.1 • Unicellular Eukaryotic Para
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5.1 • Unicellular Eukaryotic Para
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5.1 • Unicellular Eukaryotic Para
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5.2 • Parasitic Helminths 193 hel
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5.2 • Parasitic Helminths 195 Fig
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5.2 • Parasitic Helminths 197 Fig
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5.2 • Parasitic Helminths 199 MIC
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5.3 • Fungi 201 Figure 5.25 Multi
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5.3 • Fungi 203 Figure 5.27 zygos
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5.3 • Fungi 205 diploid stages (F
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5.3 • Fungi 207 Figure 5.32 prese
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5.3 • Fungi 209 MICRO CONNECTIONS
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5.4 • Algae 211 and other photosy
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5.5 • Lichens 213 Figure 5.37 Chl
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5.5 • Lichens 215 marina. (b) Thi
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5 • Review Questions 217 REVIEW Q
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CHAPTER 6 Acellular Pathogens Figur
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6.1 • Viruses 221 assembly of vir
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6.1 • Viruses 223 Viral Structure
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6.1 • Viruses 225 Figure 6.5 (a)
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6.1 • Viruses 227 LINK TO LEARNIN
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6.2 • The Viral Life Cycle 229 on
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6.2 • The Viral Life Cycle 231 Fi
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6.2 • The Viral Life Cycle 233 Fi
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6.2 • The Viral Life Cycle 235 Fi
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6.2 • The Viral Life Cycle 237 by
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6.2 • The Viral Life Cycle 239 Ca
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6.3 • Isolation, Culture, and Ide
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6.3 • Isolation, Culture, and Ide
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6.3 • Isolation, Culture, and Ide
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6.3 • Isolation, Culture, and Ide
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6.4 • Viroids, Virusoids, and Pri
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6.4 • Viroids, Virusoids, and Pri
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6 • Summary 253 SUMMARY 6.1 Virus
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6 • Review Questions 255 18. A/an
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CHAPTER 7 Microbial Biochemistry Fi
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7.1 • Organic Molecules 259 Figur
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7.1 • Organic Molecules 261 Figur
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7.2 • Carbohydrates 263 and the m
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7.2 • Carbohydrates 265 Figure 7.
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7.3 • Lipids 267 Figure 7.11 Star
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7.3 • Lipids 269 Figure 7.13 This
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7.3 • Lipids 271 Figure 7.15 Five
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7.4 • Proteins 273 Figure 7.17 Am
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7.4 • Proteins 275 Figure 7.19 Re
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7.4 • Proteins 277 Figure 7.23 Pr
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7.5 • Using Biochemistry to Ident
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7.5 • Using Biochemistry to Ident
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7 • Review Questions 283 as hormo
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7 • Review Questions 285 19. A tr
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CHAPTER 8 Microbial Metabolism Figu
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8.1 • Energy, Matter, and Enzymes
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8.1 • Energy, Matter, and Enzymes
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8.1 • Energy, Matter, and Enzymes
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8.2 • Catabolism of Carbohydrates
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8.2 • Catabolism of Carbohydrates
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8.2 • Catabolism of Carbohydrates
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8.3 • Cellular Respiration 301 8.
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8.3 • Cellular Respiration 303 Fi
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8.4 • Fermentation 305 If respira
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8.4 • Fermentation 307 Common Fer
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8.5 • Catabolism of Lipids and Pr
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8.6 • Photosynthesis 311 independ
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8.6 • Photosynthesis 313 Oxygenic
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8.7 • Biogeochemical Cycles 315 L
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8.7 • Biogeochemical Cycles 317 N
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8.7 • Biogeochemical Cycles 319 F
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8.7 • Biogeochemical Cycles 321 F
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8 • Summary 323 oxygen as the fin
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8 • Review Questions 325 4. To wh
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8 • Review Questions 327 Matching
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CHAPTER 9 Microbial Growth Figure 9
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9.1 • How Microbes Grow 331 and a
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9.1 • How Microbes Grow 333 The G
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9.1 • How Microbes Grow 335 Susta
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9.1 • How Microbes Grow 337 chang
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9.1 • How Microbes Grow 339 Figur
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9.1 • How Microbes Grow 341 trans
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9.1 • How Microbes Grow 343 micro
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9.2 • Oxygen Requirements for Mic
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9.2 • Oxygen Requirements for Mic
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9.2 • Oxygen Requirements for Mic
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9.3 • The Effects of pH on Microb
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9.4 • Temperature and Microbial G
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9.4 • Temperature and Microbial G
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9.5 • Other Environmental Conditi
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9.6 • Media Used for Bacterial Gr
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9 • Summary 361 SUMMARY 9.1 How M
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9 • Review Questions 363 7. Filam
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9 • Review Questions 365 Matching
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9 • Review Questions 367 Critical
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CHAPTER 10 Biochemistry of the Geno
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10.1 • Using Microbiology to Disc
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10.1 • Using Microbiology to Disc
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10.1 • Using Microbiology to Disc
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10.1 • Using Microbiology to Disc
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10.1 • Using Microbiology to Disc
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10.2 • Structure and Function of
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10.2 • Structure and Function of
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10.2 • Structure and Function of
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10.2 • Structure and Function of
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10.3 • Structure and Function of
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10.3 • Structure and Function of
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10.4 • Structure and Function of
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10.4 • Structure and Function of
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10.4 • Structure and Function of
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10.4 • Structure and Function of
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10 • Summary 401 SUMMARY 10.1 Usi
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10 • Review Questions 403 3. Whic
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10 • Review Questions 405 Short A
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CHAPTER 11 Mechanisms of Microbial
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11.1 • The Functions of Genetic M
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11.2 • DNA Replication 411 Figure
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11.2 • DNA Replication 413 Figure
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11.2 • DNA Replication 415 strand
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11.2 • DNA Replication 417 telome
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11.3 • RNA Transcription 419 Figu
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11.3 • RNA Transcription 421 the
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11.4 • Protein Synthesis (Transla
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11.4 • Protein Synthesis (Transla
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11.4 • Protein Synthesis (Transla
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11.5 • Mutations 429 Effects of M
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11.5 • Mutations 431 In recent ye
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11.5 • Mutations 433 Figure 11.20
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11.5 • Mutations 435 formation of
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11.5 • Mutations 437 Figure 11.23
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11.5 • Mutations 439 Figure 11.24
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11.6 • How Asexual Prokaryotes Ac
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11.6 • How Asexual Prokaryotes Ac
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11.6 • How Asexual Prokaryotes Ac
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11.7 • Gene Regulation: Operon Th
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11.7 • Gene Regulation: Operon Th
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11.7 • Gene Regulation: Operon Th
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11.7 • Gene Regulation: Operon Th
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11.7 • Gene Regulation: Operon Th
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11 • Summary 457 SUMMARY 11.1 The
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11 • Summary 459 undamaged DNA st
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11 • Review Questions 461 11. Whi
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11 • Review Questions 463 46. ___
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71. The following figure is from Mo
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CHAPTER 12 Modern Applications of M
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12.1 • Microbes and the Tools of
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12.1 • Microbes and the Tools of
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12.1 • Microbes and the Tools of
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12.1 • Microbes and the Tools of
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12.1 • Microbes and the Tools of
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12.2 • Visualizing and Characteri
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12.2 • Visualizing and Characteri
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12.2 • Visualizing and Characteri
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12.2 • Visualizing and Characteri
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12.2 • Visualizing and Characteri
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12.2 • Visualizing and Characteri
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12.2 • Visualizing and Characteri
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12.2 • Visualizing and Characteri
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12.3 • Whole Genome Methods and P
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12.3 • Whole Genome Methods and P
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12.4 • Gene Therapy 499 Figure 12
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12.4 • Gene Therapy 501 overall w
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12 • Summary 503 SUMMARY 12.1 Mic
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12 • Review Questions 505 11. The
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CHAPTER 13 Control of Microbial Gro
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13.1 • Controlling Microbial Grow
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13.1 • Controlling Microbial Grow
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13.1 • Controlling Microbial Grow
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13.2 • Using Physical Methods to
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13.2 • Using Physical Methods to
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13.2 • Using Physical Methods to
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13.2 • Using Physical Methods to
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13.2 • Using Physical Methods to
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13.2 • Using Physical Methods to
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13.2 • Using Physical Methods to
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13.3 • Using Chemicals to Control
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13.3 • Using Chemicals to Control
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13.3 • Using Chemicals to Control
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13.3 • Using Chemicals to Control
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13.3 • Using Chemicals to Control
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13.3 • Using Chemicals to Control
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13.3 • Using Chemicals to Control
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13.3 • Using Chemicals to Control
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13.3 • Using Chemicals to Control
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13.4 • Testing the Effectiveness
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13.4 • Testing the Effectiveness
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13.4 • Testing the Effectiveness
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13 • Summary 553 commonly used to
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13 • Review Questions 555 12. Ble
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CHAPTER 14 Antimicrobial Drugs Figu
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14.1 • History of Chemotherapy an
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14.1 • History of Chemotherapy an
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14.2 • Fundamentals of Antimicrob
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14.2 • Fundamentals of Antimicrob
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14.3 • Mechanisms of Antibacteria
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14.3 • Mechanisms of Antibacteria
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14.3 • Mechanisms of Antibacteria
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14.3 • Mechanisms of Antibacteria
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14.3 • Mechanisms of Antibacteria
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14.3 • Mechanisms of Antibacteria
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14.3 • Mechanisms of Antibacteria
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14.4 • Mechanisms of Other Antimi
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14.4 • Mechanisms of Other Antimi
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14.4 • Mechanisms of Other Antimi
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14.4 • Mechanisms of Other Antimi
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14.4 • Mechanisms of Other Antimi
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14.5 • Drug Resistance 591 Common
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14.5 • Drug Resistance 593 negati
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14.5 • Drug Resistance 595 Clavul
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14.6 • Testing the Effectiveness
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14.6 • Testing the Effectiveness
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14.7 • Current Strategies for Ant
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14.7 • Current Strategies for Ant
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14 • Summary 605 cells. • Becau
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14 • Review Questions 607 11. Whi
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14 • Review Questions 609 50. Why
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CHAPTER 15 Microbial Mechanisms of
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15.1 • Characteristics of Infecti
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15.1 • Characteristics of Infecti
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15.1 • Characteristics of Infecti
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15.2 • How Pathogens Cause Diseas
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15.2 • How Pathogens Cause Diseas
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15.2 • How Pathogens Cause Diseas
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15.2 • How Pathogens Cause Diseas
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15.2 • How Pathogens Cause Diseas
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15.3 • Virulence Factors of Bacte
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15.3 • Virulence Factors of Bacte
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15.3 • Virulence Factors of Bacte
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15.3 • Virulence Factors of Bacte
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15.3 • Virulence Factors of Bacte
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15.3 • Virulence Factors of Bacte
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15.3 • Virulence Factors of Bacte
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15.4 • Virulence Factors of Eukar
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15.4 • Virulence Factors of Eukar
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15 • Review Questions 647 protect
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15 • Review Questions 649 Critica
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CHAPTER 16 Disease and Epidemiology
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16.1 • The Language of Epidemiolo
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16.1 • The Language of Epidemiolo
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16.2 • Tracking Infectious Diseas
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16.2 • Tracking Infectious Diseas
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16.2 • Tracking Infectious Diseas
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16.3 • Modes of Disease Transmiss
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16.3 • Modes of Disease Transmiss
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16.3 • Modes of Disease Transmiss
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16.3 • Modes of Disease Transmiss
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16.3 • Modes of Disease Transmiss
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16.4 • Global Public Health 673 C
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16.4 • Global Public Health 675 S
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16 • Summary 677 SUMMARY 16.1 The
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16 • Review Questions 679 Matchin
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16 • Review Questions 681 20. Wha
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CHAPTER 17 Innate Nonspecific Host
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17.1 • Physical Defenses 685 Over
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17.1 • Physical Defenses 687 know
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17.1 • Physical Defenses 689 Figu
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17.2 • Chemical Defenses 691 Phys
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17.2 • Chemical Defenses 693 sali
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17.2 • Chemical Defenses 695 prod
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17.2 • Chemical Defenses 697 Figu
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17.2 • Chemical Defenses 699 Clin
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17.3 • Cellular Defenses 701 Hema
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17.3 • Cellular Defenses 703 stra
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20.1 • Polyclonal and Monoclonal
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20.1 • Polyclonal and Monoclonal
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20.2 • Detecting Antigen-Antibody
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20.2 • Detecting Antigen-Antibody
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20.2 • Detecting Antigen-Antibody
- Page 831 and 832:
20.2 • Detecting Antigen-Antibody
- Page 833 and 834:
20.2 • Detecting Antigen-Antibody
- Page 835 and 836:
20.2 • Detecting Antigen-Antibody
- Page 837 and 838:
20.3 • Agglutination Assays 823 a
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20.3 • Agglutination Assays 825 F
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20.3 • Agglutination Assays 827 e
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20.3 • Agglutination Assays 829 s
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20.4 • EIAs and ELISAs 831 Mechan
- Page 847 and 848:
20.4 • EIAs and ELISAs 833 Figure
- Page 849 and 850:
20.4 • EIAs and ELISAs 835 Figure
- Page 851 and 852:
20.4 • EIAs and ELISAs 837 • Wh
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20.4 • EIAs and ELISAs 839 Figure
- Page 855 and 856:
20.5 • Fluorescent Antibody Techn
- Page 857 and 858:
20.5 • Fluorescent Antibody Techn
- Page 859 and 860:
20.5 • Fluorescent Antibody Techn
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20.5 • Fluorescent Antibody Techn
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20 • Review Questions 849 20.4 EI
- Page 865 and 866:
20 • Review Questions 851 15. Sup
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CHAPTER 21 Skin and Eye Infections
- Page 869 and 870:
21.1 • Anatomy and Normal Microbi
- Page 871 and 872:
21.1 • Anatomy and Normal Microbi
- Page 873 and 874:
21.1 • Anatomy and Normal Microbi
- Page 875 and 876:
21.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
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21.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
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21.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
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21.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
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21.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
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21.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
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21.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
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21.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
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21.3 • Viral Infections of the Sk
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21.3 • Viral Infections of the Sk
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21.4 • Mycoses of the Skin 881 se
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21.4 • Mycoses of the Skin 883 fr
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21.4 • Mycoses of the Skin 885 Fi
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21.5 • Protozoan and Helminthic I
- Page 903 and 904:
21.5 • Protozoan and Helminthic I
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21 • Summary 891 SUMMARY 21.1 Ana
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21 • Review Questions 893 10. Whi
- Page 909 and 910:
CHAPTER 22 Respiratory System Infec
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22.1 • Anatomy and Normal Microbi
- Page 913 and 914:
22.1 • Anatomy and Normal Microbi
- Page 915 and 916:
22.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
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22.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 919 and 920:
22.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 921 and 922:
22.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
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22.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
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22.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
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22.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
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22.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
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22.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
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22.3 • Viral Infections of the Re
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22.3 • Viral Infections of the Re
- Page 937 and 938:
22.3 • Viral Infections of the Re
- Page 939 and 940:
22.3 • Viral Infections of the Re
- Page 941 and 942:
22.3 • Viral Infections of the Re
- Page 943 and 944:
22.3 • Viral Infections of the Re
- Page 945 and 946:
22.4 • Respiratory Mycoses 931 ha
- Page 947 and 948:
22.4 • Respiratory Mycoses 933 Fi
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22.4 • Respiratory Mycoses 935 re
- Page 951 and 952:
Figure 22.29 22.4 • Respiratory M
- Page 953 and 954:
22 • Review Questions 939 200 vir
- Page 955 and 956:
22 • Review Questions 941 18. Whi
- Page 957 and 958:
CHAPTER 23 Urogenital System Infect
- Page 959 and 960:
23.1 • Anatomy and Normal Microbi
- Page 961 and 962:
23.1 • Anatomy and Normal Microbi
- Page 963 and 964:
23.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
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23.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 967 and 968:
23.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 969 and 970:
23.3 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 971 and 972:
23.3 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 973 and 974:
23.3 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 975 and 976:
23.3 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 977 and 978:
23.4 • Viral Infections of the Re
- Page 979 and 980:
23.4 • Viral Infections of the Re
- Page 981 and 982:
23.4 • Viral Infections of the Re
- Page 983 and 984:
23.5 • Fungal Infections of the R
- Page 985 and 986:
23.6 • Protozoan Infections of th
- Page 987 and 988:
23.6 • Protozoan Infections of th
- Page 989 and 990:
23 • Summary 975 SUMMARY 23.1 Ana
- Page 991 and 992:
23 • Review Questions 977 11. Whi
- Page 993 and 994:
CHAPTER 24 Digestive System Infecti
- Page 995 and 996:
24.1 • Anatomy and Normal Microbi
- Page 997 and 998:
24.1 • Anatomy and Normal Microbi
- Page 999 and 1000:
24.1 • Anatomy and Normal Microbi
- Page 1001 and 1002:
24.2 • Microbial Diseases of the
- Page 1003 and 1004:
24.2 • Microbial Diseases of the
- Page 1005 and 1006:
24.2 • Microbial Diseases of the
- Page 1007 and 1008:
24.3 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 1009 and 1010:
24.3 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 1011 and 1012:
24.3 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 1013 and 1014:
24.3 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 1015 and 1016:
24.3 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 1017 and 1018:
24.3 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 1019 and 1020:
24.3 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 1021 and 1022:
24.3 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 1023 and 1024:
24.3 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 1025 and 1026:
24.4 • Viral Infections of the Ga
- Page 1027 and 1028:
24.4 • Viral Infections of the Ga
- Page 1029 and 1030:
24.4 • Viral Infections of the Ga
- Page 1031 and 1032:
24.5 • Protozoan Infections of th
- Page 1033 and 1034:
24.5 • Protozoan Infections of th
- Page 1035 and 1036:
24.6 • Helminthic Infections of t
- Page 1037 and 1038:
24.6 • Helminthic Infections of t
- Page 1039 and 1040:
24.6 • Helminthic Infections of t
- Page 1041 and 1042:
24.6 • Helminthic Infections of t
- Page 1043 and 1044:
24.6 • Helminthic Infections of t
- Page 1045 and 1046:
24.6 • Helminthic Infections of t
- Page 1047 and 1048:
24 • Summary 1033 SUMMARY 24.1 An
- Page 1049 and 1050:
24 • Review Questions 1035 6. Whi
- Page 1051 and 1052:
CHAPTER 25 Circulatory and Lymphati
- Page 1053 and 1054:
25.1 • Anatomy of the Circulatory
- Page 1055 and 1056:
25.1 • Anatomy of the Circulatory
- Page 1057 and 1058:
25.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 1059 and 1060:
25.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 1061 and 1062:
25.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 1063 and 1064:
25.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 1065 and 1066:
25.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 1067 and 1068:
25.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 1069 and 1070:
25.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 1071 and 1072:
25.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 1073 and 1074:
25.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 1075 and 1076:
25.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 1077 and 1078:
25.2 • Bacterial Infections of th
- Page 1079 and 1080:
25.3 • Viral Infections of the Ci
- Page 1081 and 1082:
25.3 • Viral Infections of the Ci
- Page 1083 and 1084:
25.3 • Viral Infections of the Ci
- Page 1085 and 1086:
25.3 • Viral Infections of the Ci
- Page 1087 and 1088:
25.3 • Viral Infections of the Ci
- Page 1089 and 1090:
Figure 25.26 25.3 • Viral Infecti
- Page 1091 and 1092:
25.4 • Parasitic Infections of th
- Page 1093 and 1094:
25.4 • Parasitic Infections of th
- Page 1095 and 1096:
25.4 • Parasitic Infections of th
- Page 1097 and 1098:
25.4 • Parasitic Infections of th
- Page 1099 and 1100:
25.4 • Parasitic Infections of th
- Page 1101 and 1102:
25.4 • Parasitic Infections of th
- Page 1103 and 1104:
25 • Review Questions 1089 • To
- Page 1105 and 1106:
25 • Review Questions 1091 Critic
- Page 1107 and 1108:
CHAPTER 26 Nervous System Infection
- Page 1109 and 1110:
26.1 • Anatomy of the Nervous Sys
- Page 1111 and 1112:
26.1 • Anatomy of the Nervous Sys
- Page 1113 and 1114:
26.2 • Bacterial Diseases of the
- Page 1115 and 1116:
26.2 • Bacterial Diseases of the
- Page 1117 and 1118:
26.2 • Bacterial Diseases of the
- Page 1119 and 1120:
26.2 • Bacterial Diseases of the
- Page 1121 and 1122:
26.2 • Bacterial Diseases of the
- Page 1123 and 1124:
26.2 • Bacterial Diseases of the
- Page 1125 and 1126:
26.2 • Bacterial Diseases of the
- Page 1127 and 1128:
26.3 • Acellular Diseases of the
- Page 1129 and 1130:
26.3 • Acellular Diseases of the
- Page 1131 and 1132:
26.3 • Acellular Diseases of the
- Page 1133 and 1134:
26.3 • Acellular Diseases of the
- Page 1135 and 1136:
26.3 • Acellular Diseases of the
- Page 1137 and 1138:
Figure 26.19 26.3 • Acellular Dis
- Page 1139 and 1140:
26.4 • Fungal and Parasitic Disea
- Page 1141 and 1142:
26.4 • Fungal and Parasitic Disea
- Page 1143 and 1144:
26.4 • Fungal and Parasitic Disea
- Page 1145 and 1146:
26.4 • Fungal and Parasitic Disea
- Page 1147 and 1148:
26 • Review Questions 1133 are fa
- Page 1149 and 1150:
26 • Review Questions 1135 Matchi
- Page 1151 and 1152:
26 • Review Questions 1137 59. Th
- Page 1153 and 1154:
A • Fundamentals of Physics and C
- Page 1155 and 1156:
A • Fundamentals of Physics and C
- Page 1157 and 1158:
A • Fundamentals of Physics and C
- Page 1159 and 1160:
A • Fundamentals of Physics and C
- Page 1161 and 1162:
A • Fundamentals of Physics and C
- Page 1163 and 1164:
B • Mathematical Basics 1149 APPE
- Page 1165 and 1166:
B • Mathematical Basics 1151 Mult
- Page 1167 and 1168:
B • Mathematical Basics 1153 The
- Page 1169 and 1170:
C • Metabolic Pathways 1155 APPEN
- Page 1171 and 1172:
C • Metabolic Pathways 1157 Entne
- Page 1173 and 1174:
C • Metabolic Pathways 1159 Figur
- Page 1175 and 1176:
C • Metabolic Pathways 1161 Elect
- Page 1177 and 1178:
APPENDIX D Taxonomy of Clinically R
- Page 1179 and 1180:
D • Taxonomy of Clinically Releva
- Page 1181 and 1182:
D • Taxonomy of Clinically Releva
- Page 1183 and 1184:
D • Taxonomy of Clinically Releva
- Page 1185 and 1186:
D • Taxonomy of Clinically Releva
- Page 1187 and 1188:
D • Taxonomy of Clinically Releva
- Page 1189 and 1190:
D • Taxonomy of Clinically Releva
- Page 1191 and 1192:
E • Glossary 1177 APPENDIX E Glos
- Page 1193 and 1194:
E • Glossary 1179 destruction by
- Page 1195 and 1196:
E • Glossary 1181 pollutants from
- Page 1197 and 1198:
E • Glossary 1183 chromosome disc
- Page 1199 and 1200:
E • Glossary 1185 cysts are forme
- Page 1201 and 1202:
E • Glossary 1187 occurring ectop
- Page 1203 and 1204:
E • Glossary 1189 molecules of DN
- Page 1205 and 1206:
E • Glossary 1191 glycoprotein co
- Page 1207 and 1208:
E • Glossary 1193 image point is
- Page 1209 and 1210:
E • Glossary 1195 discontinuously
- Page 1211 and 1212:
E • Glossary 1197 infection cause
- Page 1213 and 1214:
E • Glossary 1199 target cells by
- Page 1215 and 1216:
E • Glossary 1201 intact ribosome
- Page 1217 and 1218:
E • Glossary 1203 point source sp
- Page 1219 and 1220:
E • Glossary 1205 complexes forme
- Page 1221 and 1222:
E • Glossary 1207 antibody is fir
- Page 1223 and 1224:
E • Glossary 1209 the number of c
- Page 1225 and 1226:
E • Glossary 1211 the reciprocal
- Page 1227 and 1228:
E • Glossary 1213 vector animal (
- Page 1229 and 1230:
1215 ANSWER KEY Chapter 1 1. D 2. D
- Page 1231 and 1232:
1217 B 18. A, C, B 19. peristalsis
- Page 1233 and 1234:
Index 1219 INDEX Symbols +ssRNA 237
- Page 1235 and 1236:
Index 1221 antigen-presenting cells
- Page 1237 and 1238:
Index 1223 Bordetella 142 Bordetell
- Page 1239 and 1240:
Index 1225 chromosomes 372, 394 chr
- Page 1241 and 1242:
Index 1227 de Duve 113 dead zone 35
- Page 1243 and 1244:
Index 1229 Enteroinvasive E. coli (
- Page 1245 and 1246:
Index 1231 Gardnerella vaginalis 47
- Page 1247 and 1248:
Index 1233 shunt 298 Hfr cell 443 H
- Page 1249 and 1250:
Index 1235 iron lungs 1118 iron-sul
- Page 1251 and 1252:
Index 1237 maturation 230 mature na
- Page 1253 and 1254:
Index 1239 Health 501 National Noti
- Page 1255 and 1256:
Index 1241 patterns (PAMPs) 710 pat
- Page 1257 and 1258:
Index 1243 primary lymphoid tissue
- Page 1259 and 1260:
Index 1245 596, 1048, 1051, 1051 ri
- Page 1261 and 1262:
Index 1247 sterilant 511, 541 steri
- Page 1263 and 1264:
Index 1249 toxigenicity 633 toxin 6
- Page 1265:
Index 1251 water activity 522 water