_P.-Powell-auth.-Principles-of-Organometallic-Chemistry-Springer-Netherlands-1988

Table 12.2.
Process Feedstock Catalyst Conditions Reaction type Products
PRODUCTION OF FEEDSTOCKS FOR LARGE SCALE CHEMICAL MANUFACTURE
Steam cracking Naphtha b.p. None 750-900°C Free radical chain, C-C Ethene, Propene
30-190°C: steam cleavage. Butenes, Butadiene
~ 1:1
Ethane None 750-900°C Dehydrogenation Ethene
C,H6 --> C,H. + H,
Synthesis gas
(CO + H,):
Gasification Coal, steam, oxygen None Fixed bed Pyrolysis, steam CH4 , H,. CO, CO,
(Lurgl) reactor reforming, partial
~ I000°C, oxidation
30atm
Steam reforming Natural gas; (naphtha) Supported Ni, alkali 700-830°C CH4 + H,O~CO + 3H, CO, H, (CH 4 , C0 2 )
promoter 15-40atm
Partial oxidation Hydrocarbons Non ei' 1200-ISOOoC CO, H, (CH 4 , CO,)
including heavy fuel 30-80atm
residues; H,O. 0,.
ADDITIONAL PROCESSES FOR FUEL OILS
Catalytic Naphtha b.p. 0.3-0.5% Pt on y- S00-525°C Dehydrogenation Aromatics
reforming 30-190°C: H, (6:1) Al,O, promoted by 23.3atm Isomerization Alkanes
1% chlorine. (Hydrocracking)
Catalytic Fractions Zeolite or Al 2 0, soo-ssooc Carbonium ion Gasoline (high olefin
cracking b.p. 220-540°C +SiO, latm reactions ( acidic sites) content)
Hydrocracking Fractions e.g. Ni/Mo or Co/Mo 316-482°C i) Carbonium ion Wide range of
b.p. 165-575oC/H 2 • as sulphides on 68-204atm reactions as in cat. hydrocarbon
sili ca/ alumina. cracking. fractions available.
Pd/zeolite for ii) Hydrogenation of
hydrocracking. aromatics and
alkenes.