epdf.pub_cbest-cliffs-test-prep13a9b242c7cb4125e6cca92d00a73d5a41681

Section I Reading
Practice Test 2
12. The passage does not do which of the
following?
A. give a definite answer to the
question posed in the first
paragraph
B. discuss generally some of the
effects of punishment
C. provide examples of some
common forms of punishment
D. distinguish punishment from
reinforcement
E. mention the temporary suppression
of behavior
13. Which of the following facts, if true,
supports one of the author’s contentions
about punishment?
A. Those who were spanked as
children may not praise the benefits
of such discipline.
B. Imposing longer jail terms on
criminals does not necessarily
permanently reduce their tendency
to return to crime.
C. Any species or race that is
consistently punished will
eventually become extinct.
D. The temporary suppression of a
negative behavior is a fine
accomplishment.
E. People who are consistently
rewarded are incapable of
punishing others.
Read the passage below and answer the
five questions that follow.
The question might be asked: How can we
know what is “really” real? Defined phenomenologically,
“reality” becomes purely a
hypothetical concept which accounts for the
totality of all conditions imposed by the external
world upon an individual. But since
other individuals are included in each of our
fields of experience, it does become possible
to form consensus groups as we make identification
of similarly perceived phenomena.
In fact, we often tend to ignore and even
push out of awareness those persons and
their assumptions regarding what is real
which do not correspond to our own.
However, such a lack of consensus also affords
us the opportunity of checking our hypothesis
about reality. We may change our
concepts about reality and thus facilitate
changes in our phenomenal world of experience.
Scientists, for instance, deliberately set
out to get a consensus of both their procedures
and their conclusion. If they are successful
in this quest, their consensus group
considers such conclusions as constituting an
addition to a factual body of sharable knowledge.
This process is somewhat in contrast,
for example, to mystical religious experiences.
By their nature, mystical experiences
may not always be communicable to others.
However, even a scientific researcher must
finally evaluate the consequences of his or
her research within a unique, personal
phenomenological field. To use a cliché:
Truth, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the
beholder.
14. Which of the following is a specific
example supporting the point of the
passage?
A. Certain established scientific facts
have not changed for hundreds of
years.
B. Part of the phrase in the last
sentence is from a poem by Keats.
C. Reality is a given, unique
experience in an individual’s
phenomenal world.
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