Lead Toxicity in Mute Swans

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elevated lead levels. (2) Haemoglobin level should also be considered and (3) although FRBCP is a good indicator of the metabolic damage caused by lead, until a greater knowledge of FRBCP and its metabolism in birds is known, caution in the use and interpretation should be observed. Only then may it be possible to use FRBCP as an exclusive method for screening lead exposure in swans. - 38 - I
Page 2 and 3: 0004067t:.7 1~11111 /I llll II llll
Page 4 and 5: This thesis is dedicated to my moth
Page 6 and 7: ABSTRACT Lead toxicity in Mute swan
Page 8 and 9: - what are the best methods for the
Page 10 and 11: Benson, W.W., Brock, O.W., Gabrica,
Page 12 and 13: CHAPTER 1 DETERMINATION OF HAEMOGLO
Page 14 and 15: MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood was obt
Page 16 and 17: standards are now available, it is
Page 18 and 19: I ' ABSTRACT The use of blood lead
Page 20 and 21: developed and (c) information on bl
Page 22 and 23: MATERIALS AND METHODS Study sites.
Page 24 and 25: Swans were sexed by cloacal examina
Page 26 and 27: Red blood cell protoporphyrin .. Th
Page 28 and 29: RESULTS Blood Lead Levels Diel vari
Page 30 and 31: 16.00 24.CO 2.00 7.00 - ~ ~--1_ J l
Page 32 and 33: for corrected lead values (ug /g Rb
Page 34 and 35: Table 2. Blood lead levels of indiv
Page 36 and 37: 30 20 (A) n = 357 10 0-.99 1- 2- 3-
Page 38 and 39: Blood lead is very labile (Chamberl
Page 40 and 41: median value of lead in April is si
Page 44 and 45: REFERENCES Anon. (1986). Central Fi
Page 46 and 47: Hutton, M. (1980). Metal contaminat
Page 48 and 49: CHAPTER 3 This chapter is presented
Page 50 and 51: Swans LEAD POISONING IN MUTE S\VANS
Page 52 and 53: Swans addition, birds are fitted wi
Page 54 and 55: Swans effectively, but may not pick
Page 56 and 57: Swans activity and a change in angl
Page 58 and 59: Swans ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grate
Page 60 and 61: i r ABSTRACT A study of blood lead
Page 62 and 63: [Columbia livia (Gmelin); Ohi et al
Page 64 and 65: examination of all available dead b
Page 66 and 67: Table.I. Location and number of liv
Page 68 and 69: Blood lead concentration was determ
Page 70 and 71: · Classification of lead poisoned
Page 72 and 73: 70 60 en § so H r:Q µ.. 0 z 40 0
Page 74 and 75: I Group (A) ten Mute swans with ing
Page 76 and 77: .... Table III Seasonal pattern of
Page 78 and 79: contents, performed as part of the
Page 80 and 81: DISCUSSION Blood lead levels provid
Page 82 and 83: similiar pathology was described by
Page 84 and 85: I ingested lead pellets in gizzards
Page 86 and 87: REFERENCES Anon (1986). Central Fis
Page 88 and 89: Johnson, M.S., Pluck, H., Hutton, M
Page 90 and 91: r CHAPTER 4 SOME BIOCHEMICAL AND HA
Page 92 and 93:
INTRODUCTION Biochemistry plays an
Page 94 and 95:
MATERIALS AND METHODS Collection of
Page 96 and 97:
estima~ion of fractiles of 95% of t
Page 98 and 99:
I the haematocrit values (Table 1).
Page 100 and 101:
Table 2. Mean (±.s.e.), maximum an
Page 102 and 103:
Table 4. Uncorrected and corrected
Page 104 and 105:
Lead poisoned swans Tests were carr
Page 106 and 107:
Table 7. Number of lead pellets and
Page 108 and 109:
i Though lower values were recorded
Page 110 and 111:
cells which have not completed eryt
Page 112 and 113:
i r ~ stress. The concentration of
Page 114 and 115:
I Eastin, W.C.,Jr., Hoffman, D.J. a
Page 116 and 117:
I Simpson, V.R., Hunt, A.E. and Fre
Page 118 and 119:
SUMMARY Tissue lead levels in Mute
Page 120 and 121:
of lead may therefore result in col
Page 122 and 123:
O'Halloran et al., (C) in press. Bi
Page 124 and 125:
elevated lead was 11.00 (3.00 - 85
Page 126 and 127:
Table 2. Numbers of ingested lead w
Page 128 and 129:
Table 4. Changes in levels of haemo
Page 130 and 131:
I values were getierally found in t
Page 132 and 133:
differences [see O'Halloran et al.
Page 134 and 135:
Howarth, D.M., Hulbert, A.J. and Ho
Page 136 and 137:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I thank m
Page 138 and 139:
APPENDICES OTHER RELEVENT PUBLICATI
Page 140 and 141:
Lead Levels In Mute Swans In Cork B
Page 142 and 143:
Each sarnp~ed bird was dye marked u
Page 144 and 145:
14 kg 12 JO 8 + + 4 Lough Lee Other
Page 146 and 147:
OTHERS LEE Je lO ,, 30 H ~ 7• r/J
Page 148 and 149:
Table 5 Details of Tissue Welpt (am
Page 150 and 151:
for obvious reasons, the visits of
Page 152 and 153:
(Locke, Bagley and Irby 1966), thos
Page 154 and 155:
APPENDIX 2 PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF R
Page 156 and 157:
!. O' Halloran and R. Collins Plate
Page 158 and 159:
J. O'Halloran and R. Collins Of the
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Lead Toxicity in Mute Swans

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