Lead Toxicity in Mute Swans
LEAD TOXICITY IN MUTE SWANS Cygnus olor (Gmelin). By JOHN O'HALLORAN A thesis submitted to the National University of Ireland in candidature for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 1987
LEAD TOXICITY IN MUTE SWANS
Cygnus olor (Gmelin).
By
JOHN O'HALLORAN
A thesis submitted to the National University of Ireland
in candidature for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
September 1987
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RESULTS<br />
All blood samples <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> the reference range had blood lead<br />
values less than 3.00ug Pb/ gHb (equivalent to 2.00 umoles/L or 40<br />
ug/lOOmls, assum<strong>in</strong>g a mean haemoglob<strong>in</strong> concentration of 14.20g/100mls<br />
after O'Halloran et al., <strong>in</strong> press) at which level there was no sign of<br />
lead toxicity.<br />
The range of values of blood parameters is presented <strong>in</strong> Tables<br />
1-2. Reference distributions (95% of the distributions) were<br />
calculated to describe the data.<br />
Reference Distributions<br />
The reference haemoglob<strong>in</strong> concentrations, mean cell haemoglob<strong>in</strong><br />
concentration and haematocrit values for the total number of samples<br />
(<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g birds of each each age and sex) are shown <strong>in</strong> Table 1.<br />
There<br />
was a significant difference (P
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