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332 J. Fromm, S. Lautner Williams SE, Pickard BG (1972a) Properties of action potentials in Drosera tentacles. Planta 103:193–221 Williams SE, Pickard BG (1972b) Receptor potentials and action potentials in Drosera tentacles. Planta 103:222–240 Wright JP, Fisher DB (1981) Measurement of the sieve tube membrane potential. Plant Physiol 67:845–848 Zawadzki T, Davies E, Dziubinska H, Trebacz K (1991) Characteristics of action potentials in Helianthus annuus. Physiol Plant 83:601–604
23 Long-Distance Signal Transmission in Trees Stefano Mancuso, Sergio Mugnai Abstract Long-distance transmission of signals is a critical event in the life of trees. Many physiological studies have deduced that hormone-like substances together with hydraulic/electrical signals mediate this important function of the plant life. However the nature of the complex network of signalling in trees has remained essentially unexplored. Recent molecular and genetic studies offer new approaches to understanding the mechanisms underlying the transmission of signals. 23.1 Introduction The ability to sense and respond to environmental parameters is one common feature of living being. This talent is particularly significant in land plants because of their necessity to manage all the environmental information and stimuli without escaping. Among plants, trees, for their necessity to respond in a short time to environmental stimuli despite the often big dimensions, are the most obvious and interesting subjects of study for the long-distance signal transmission. Trees live in a continuously changing environment and although not all parts of the tree are exposed to the same stimuli at the same time, different parts of it respond in a coordinated fashion, demonstrating the existence of communication between various regions of the tree. For years, researchers have concentrated their efforts on the study of chemical (hormonal) signals in trees, neglecting the fact that plants also use and rely on electrical and hydraulic signals. In addition, it is especially in big plants such as trees that the need for signals other than hormones becomes more important. Considering the large leaf area of a tree, enormous amounts of chemicals would need to be synthesized and transported in order to respond to a signal coming from the roots. In contrast, both electrical and hydraulic signals consume no chemicals in their propagation. Here, “long distance” will refer to signals running for distances that cannot be covered in reasonable times (a few hours) by diffusion in the aqueous phase, and that often have to cover several metres as in the case of root-toshoot communication. For a long time, plant physiologists have presumed that signalling systems in plants must involve transport of “something” through the vascular system, effectively ignoring any other kind of signal Communication in Plants F. Baluška, S. Mancuso, D. Volkmann (Eds.) © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006
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František Baluška · Stefano Manc
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Dr. František Baluška University
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VI Preface turn, reward the ants by
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VIII Preface of olfactory response.
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Contents 1 The Green Plant as an In
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Contents XIII 6 Signals and Targets
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Contents XV 11 Amino Acid Transport
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Contents XVII 15 Regulation of Plan
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Contents XIX 21.3 Conclusions and P
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Contents XXI 27.3.2 Catechin Induce
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XXIV Contributors Correa-Aragunde,
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XXVI Contributors Lamattina, L. (e-
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XXVIII Contributors Song, C. Depart
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1 The Green Plant as an Intelligent
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2 Neurobiological View of Plants an
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38 P.W. Barlow Thestimulipresentedt
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40 P.W. Barlow that a tropism is su
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42 P.W. Barlow the auxin flow into
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44 P.W. Barlow afferentnervousimpul
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46 P.W. Barlow analysis. In particu
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48 P.W. Barlow reception of his boo
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50 P.W. Barlow Iijima M, Kono Y (19
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4 How Can Plants Choose the Most Pr
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66 P.M. Neumann Finally, I examined
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68 P.M. Neumann evolutionary progre
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70 P.M. Neumann conclusion is that
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72 P.M. Neumann resources from matu
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6 Signals and Targets Triggered by
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6TargetsofSI 77 6.1.2 Self-Incompat
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6TargetsofSI 79 by Yang 2002) has p
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6TargetsofSI 81 al. 2002). Thus, SI
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6TargetsofSI 83 Fig.6.2. PrABP80 ha
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6TargetsofSI 85 many of the genes e
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6TargetsofSI 87 [Ca 2+ ]i may signa
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6TargetsofSI 89 is crosstalk betwee
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6TargetsofSI 91 Hepler PK, Vidali L
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6TargetsofSI 93 Snowman BN, Kovar D
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96 T. Nürnberger, B. Kemmerling Wh
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98 T. Nürnberger, B. Kemmerling Fo
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100 T. Nürnberger, B. Kemmerling p
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102 T. Nürnberger, B. Kemmerling i
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106 T. Nürnberger, B. Kemmerling F
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108 T. Nürnberger, B. Kemmerling M
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8 Nitric Oxide Involvement in Incom
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124 M.L. Lanteri et al. 9.1.1 Auxin
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126 M.L. Lanteri et al. Fig.9.1. Sc
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128 M.L. Lanteri et al. Fig.9.2. NO
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130 M.L. Lanteri et al. 9.3.1 Nitri
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132 M.L. Lanteri et al. Fig.9.3. Sc
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134 M.L. Lanteri et al. Bellamine J
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136 M.L. Lanteri et al. Pagnussat G
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138 S.J. Murch H 3C CH3 CH3 N H 2C
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140 S.J. Murch edible plants (Manch
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142 S.J. Murch However, over the la
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144 S.J. Murch of monoamine, amino
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146 S.J. Murch On Guam and in other
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148 S.J. Murch 10.4 Conclusions and
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150 S.J. Murch Lindstrom H, Luthman
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11 Amino Acid Transport in Plants a
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11 AA transport in plant versus neu
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12 GABA and GHB Neurotransmitters i
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188 M. Gilliham et al. Fig.13.1. Ar
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190 M. Gilliham et al. as compatibl
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192 M. Gilliham et al. apex (Zhang
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194 M. Gilliham et al. 13.3.3 Are A
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196 M. Gilliham et al. sufficiently
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198 M. Gilliham et al. 2005). It is
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200 M. Gilliham et al. 13.4.5 NSCC
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202 M. Gilliham et al. Kang J, Meht
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204 M. Gilliham et al. Zheng Y, Mel
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206 E.B. Blancaflor, K.D. Chapman F
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208 E.B. Blancaflor, K.D. Chapman N
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210 E.B. Blancaflor, K.D. Chapman v
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212 E.B. Blancaflor, K.D. Chapman l
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214 E.B. Blancaflor, K.D. Chapman N
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216 E.B. Blancaflor, K.D. Chapman 1
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218 E.B. Blancaflor, K.D. Chapman G
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15 Regulation of Plant Growth and D
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16 Physiological Roles of Nonselect
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16 Nonselective cation channels 237
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Fig.16.1. Possible roles of nonsele
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17 Touch-Responsive Behaviors and G
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18 Oscillations in Plants Sergey Sh
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18 Oscillations in Plants 263 Tempo
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18 Oscillations in Plants 265 Dries
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18 Oscillations in Plants 267 backg
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18 Oscillations in Plants 269 The f
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18 Oscillations in Plants 271 prehe
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18 Oscillations in Plants 273 Cardo
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18 Oscillations in Plants 275 Shaba
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278 K.Trebacz,H.Dziubinska,E.Krol W
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280 K.Trebacz,H.Dziubinska,E.Krol T
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382 E. Wagner et al. Fig.25.9. Time
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384 E. Wagner et al. Fig.25.11. a K
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386 E. Wagner et al. 25.9 Conclusio
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388 E. Wagner et al. Lecharny A, Wa
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26 Signals and Signalling Pathways
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404 L.G. Perry et al. properties (S
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406 L.G. Perry et al. Fig.27.1. A s
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408 L.G. Perry et al. phytotoxins i
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410 L.G. Perry et al. monooxygenase
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412 L.G. Perry et al. 27.4 (±)-Cat
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414 L.G. Perry et al. (±)-catechin
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416 L.G. Perry et al. mineralizatio
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418 L.G. Perry et al. Dyer AR (2004
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420 L.G. Perry et al. Singh HP, Bat
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422 V.Ninkovic,R.Glinwood,J.Petters
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436 Subject Index defense 67, 95-10
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438 Subject Index sieve-tube-elemen
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