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398 J.D.Rhodes,J.F.Thain,D.C.Wildon We obtained intracellular electrical recordings from the epidermal cells, cortical cells, phloem parenchyma cells, vascular parenchyma cells, and the STE/CC complex. The identification of the various cell types was achieved by iontophoretic injection of LY at the end of electrical recording. Figure 26.3 shows three of the cell types, and electrical recordings from these cell types: an epidermal cell (Fig. 26.3a,b), a cortical cell (Fig. 26.3c,d) and a STE/CC (Fig. 26.3e,f). Results from the other two cell types (phloem parenchyma cells, vascular parenchyma cells) were similar to those obtained from the cortical cells. Only the phloem STE/CC complexes showed large electrical responses to wounding. These were large ‘spike’ depolarisations, which were very similar in shape and duration to known plant action potentials. The other four cell types showed only small depolarisations of longer duration, usually (except in the case of epidermal cells) with a small initial spike as is seen in thecorticalcellrecordofFig.26.3d.Itispossiblethatthesmallinitialspikes seen with these other cell types are due to current from the large STE/CC spikes dissipating through surrounding cells via limited plasmodesmatal connections; visual comparison with the surface electrode and bath electrodetracessuggeststhatthesmallspikesapproximatelycoincideintime with the large STE/CC ones. The large spike depolarisations seen in the STE/CC complexes are the main electrical events in the petiole following severe wounding. The origin of these spikes is not known. From their shape and duration they could be action potentials propagating along the STE/CC pathway. If they are action potentials,thenpresumablytheyhaveafunction,butitwouldappearnotto be the systemic signal for PI synthesis (Table 26.1). Alternatively they could be local responses to chemicals, as yet unidentified, but possibly oligosaccharides or systemin, carried in the xylem by hydraulic dispersal from the wound site. This latter possibility would lead to the following conclusions: firstly that, of all the cell types in the petiole, only the STE/CC complexes are sensitive to these chemicals; secondly that the STE/CC complexes have a mechanism for rapidly restoring their membrane potential to its normal value, presumably to protect them from the damaging effects of the large depolarisation. Without more detailed knowledge of the membrane events that cause these spikes, it is not possible to decide whether they are true action potentials. While each experiment using intracellular electrodes allowed us to record the electrical events in only one STE/CC complex, these large depolarisations must have been happening in many of the STE/CC complexes in thepetiole,eithersimultaneouslyoratslightlydifferenttimes.Therecords from the surface and bath electrodes represent the summation of all the membrane currents flowing in the underlying tissues but, as noted before, these are primarily in the phloem STE/CC complexes. The shapes and du-
26 Signals and Signalling Pathways in Plant Wound Responses 399 Fig.26.3. Cells of the petiole of leaf 1 of 3-week-old tomato seedlings. a,c,e Cells labelled with the fluorescent dye LY via the glass micropipette used for intracellular recording: a an in situ epidermal cell; c an in situ cortical cell; e an in situ sieve-tube element: most of the dye has moved in the direction of the main stem, the asterisk indicates a sieve plate. Scale bars represent 100 µm. b,d,f Electrical recordings from the same cells as shown in a,c and e; b epidermal cell; d cortical cell; f sieve-tube element. S surface electrode (cotton thread soaked in 10 mM KCl connected to an Ag/AgCl electrode), B bath electrode (saline bath connected to an Ag/AgCl electrode by an agar/3 M KCl salt bridge), I intracellular electrode (glass micropipette back-filled with a 1% aqueous solution of LY followed by 3 M LiCl and an Ag/AgCl electrode). Heat was applied to cotyledon 1 for about 30 s causing wounding and a small artefact to appear on the traces (Reproduced from Rhodes et al. 1996, with the permission of Springer-Verlag)
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František Baluška · Stefano Manc
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Dr. František Baluška University
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VI Preface turn, reward the ants by
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VIII Preface of olfactory response.
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Contents 1 The Green Plant as an In
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Contents XIII 6 Signals and Targets
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Contents XV 11 Amino Acid Transport
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Contents XVII 15 Regulation of Plan
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Contents XIX 21.3 Conclusions and P
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Contents XXI 27.3.2 Catechin Induce
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XXIV Contributors Correa-Aragunde,
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XXVI Contributors Lamattina, L. (e-
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XXVIII Contributors Song, C. Depart
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1 The Green Plant as an Intelligent
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2 Neurobiological View of Plants an
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38 P.W. Barlow Thestimulipresentedt
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40 P.W. Barlow that a tropism is su
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42 P.W. Barlow the auxin flow into
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44 P.W. Barlow afferentnervousimpul
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46 P.W. Barlow analysis. In particu
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48 P.W. Barlow reception of his boo
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50 P.W. Barlow Iijima M, Kono Y (19
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4 How Can Plants Choose the Most Pr
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66 P.M. Neumann Finally, I examined
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68 P.M. Neumann evolutionary progre
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70 P.M. Neumann conclusion is that
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72 P.M. Neumann resources from matu
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6 Signals and Targets Triggered by
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6TargetsofSI 77 6.1.2 Self-Incompat
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6TargetsofSI 79 by Yang 2002) has p
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6TargetsofSI 81 al. 2002). Thus, SI
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6TargetsofSI 83 Fig.6.2. PrABP80 ha
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6TargetsofSI 85 many of the genes e
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6TargetsofSI 87 [Ca 2+ ]i may signa
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6TargetsofSI 89 is crosstalk betwee
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6TargetsofSI 91 Hepler PK, Vidali L
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6TargetsofSI 93 Snowman BN, Kovar D
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96 T. Nürnberger, B. Kemmerling Wh
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98 T. Nürnberger, B. Kemmerling Fo
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102 T. Nürnberger, B. Kemmerling i
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108 T. Nürnberger, B. Kemmerling M
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8 Nitric Oxide Involvement in Incom
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124 M.L. Lanteri et al. 9.1.1 Auxin
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126 M.L. Lanteri et al. Fig.9.1. Sc
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128 M.L. Lanteri et al. Fig.9.2. NO
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130 M.L. Lanteri et al. 9.3.1 Nitri
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132 M.L. Lanteri et al. Fig.9.3. Sc
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134 M.L. Lanteri et al. Bellamine J
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136 M.L. Lanteri et al. Pagnussat G
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138 S.J. Murch H 3C CH3 CH3 N H 2C
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140 S.J. Murch edible plants (Manch
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142 S.J. Murch However, over the la
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144 S.J. Murch of monoamine, amino
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146 S.J. Murch On Guam and in other
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148 S.J. Murch 10.4 Conclusions and
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150 S.J. Murch Lindstrom H, Luthman
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11 Amino Acid Transport in Plants a
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11 AA transport in plant versus neu
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188 M. Gilliham et al. Fig.13.1. Ar
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190 M. Gilliham et al. as compatibl
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192 M. Gilliham et al. apex (Zhang
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194 M. Gilliham et al. 13.3.3 Are A
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196 M. Gilliham et al. sufficiently
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198 M. Gilliham et al. 2005). It is
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206 E.B. Blancaflor, K.D. Chapman F
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15 Regulation of Plant Growth and D
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16 Physiological Roles of Nonselect
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17 Touch-Responsive Behaviors and G
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18 Oscillations in Plants Sergey Sh
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18 Oscillations in Plants 263 Tempo
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18 Oscillations in Plants 265 Dries
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18 Oscillations in Plants 267 backg
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18 Oscillations in Plants 269 The f
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18 Oscillations in Plants 271 prehe
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278 K.Trebacz,H.Dziubinska,E.Krol W
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280 K.Trebacz,H.Dziubinska,E.Krol T
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292 R. Stahlberg, R.E. Cleland, E.
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310 E.Davies,B.Stankovic It is assu
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312 E.Davies,B.Stankovic 21.2 Evide
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316 E.Davies,B.Stankovic Relative m
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318 E.Davies,B.Stankovic 1992; Beel
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320 E.Davies,B.Stankovic Hentze MW,
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322 J. Fromm, S. Lautner in the ran
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324 J. Fromm, S. Lautner cells (Sam
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326 J. Fromm, S. Lautner 22.5 Ion C
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334 S. Mancuso, S. Mugnai like the
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336 S. Mancuso, S. Mugnai 2,000 nM
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338 S. Mancuso, S. Mugnai the fourt
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340 S. Mancuso, S. Mugnai “slow-w
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342 S. Mancuso, S. Mugnai 23.6 Airb
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344 S. Mancuso, S. Mugnai that tree
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346 S. Mancuso, S. Mugnai Fort C, F
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Page 452 and 453: 422 V.Ninkovic,R.Glinwood,J.Petters
Page 466 and 467: 436 Subject Index defense 67, 95-10
Page 468: 438 Subject Index sieve-tube-elemen
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