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362 A.G. Volkov Fig.24.6. Action spectrum: dependence of action potential amplitude on wavelength of irradiation the phloem cells. The amount of cytoplasmic calcium increased slightly, while the content of K + and Cl − was diminished after stimulation. Such evidence leads to the conclusion that Ca 2+ influx as well as K + and Cl − efflux are involved in the propagation of action potentials. In an axon there is K + and Na + transmembrane transport; conversely, in phloem cells the K + ,Ca + ,andmorethanlikelyH + channels are involved in this process (Fig. 24.8b). Babourina et al. (2002) found that blue light induces significant changes in activity of H + and Ca 2+ transporters within the first 10 min of exposure to blue light, peaking between 3 and 5 min. Blue light induced the opening of potassium and anion channels in plants and plant cells. Some voltage-gated ion channels work as plasma membrane nanopotentiostats. Blockers of ionic channels such as tetraethylammonium chloride (TEACl) and ZnCl2 stopped the propagation of action potentials in soybean induced by blue light and inhibited phototropism in soybean plants. Voltage-gated ionic channels control the plasma membrane potential and the movement of ions across membranes; thereby, regulating various biological functions. These biological nanodevices play vital roles in signal transduction in higher plants. TEACl blocks voltage-gated potassium channels (Hille 2001). ZnCl2 inhibits the function of calcium channels and possibly proton channels (Hille 2001). The propagation of action potentials with a constant amplitude and speed depends on the work of the ion channels. These blockers inhibit the propagation of action potentials induced by blue light (Volkov et al. 2005), and inhibit phototropism in soybean plants (Fig. 24.9).
24 Electrophysiology and Phototropism 363 a b c d e f g h i Fig.24.7. Positive phototropism in a soybean plant at 450 nm (a–c light intensity 8.5 µE/m 2 s), at 470 nm (d–f light intensity 9.8 µE/m 2 s), and under 10 mW/cm 2 white light irradiation (g–h). Soybean was irradiated from the left side (g,h)orfromtherightside(i). Photographs were taken 10 s (a,d,g), 10 min (b,e,h)and40min(c,f,i) after beginning the irradiation
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František Baluška · Stefano Manc
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Dr. František Baluška University
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VI Preface turn, reward the ants by
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VIII Preface of olfactory response.
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Contents 1 The Green Plant as an In
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Contents XIII 6 Signals and Targets
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Contents XV 11 Amino Acid Transport
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Contents XVII 15 Regulation of Plan
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Contents XIX 21.3 Conclusions and P
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Contents XXI 27.3.2 Catechin Induce
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XXIV Contributors Correa-Aragunde,
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XXVI Contributors Lamattina, L. (e-
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XXVIII Contributors Song, C. Depart
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1 The Green Plant as an Intelligent
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2 Neurobiological View of Plants an
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38 P.W. Barlow Thestimulipresentedt
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40 P.W. Barlow that a tropism is su
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42 P.W. Barlow the auxin flow into
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44 P.W. Barlow afferentnervousimpul
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46 P.W. Barlow analysis. In particu
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48 P.W. Barlow reception of his boo
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50 P.W. Barlow Iijima M, Kono Y (19
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4 How Can Plants Choose the Most Pr
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66 P.M. Neumann Finally, I examined
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68 P.M. Neumann evolutionary progre
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70 P.M. Neumann conclusion is that
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72 P.M. Neumann resources from matu
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6 Signals and Targets Triggered by
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6TargetsofSI 77 6.1.2 Self-Incompat
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6TargetsofSI 79 by Yang 2002) has p
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6TargetsofSI 81 al. 2002). Thus, SI
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6TargetsofSI 83 Fig.6.2. PrABP80 ha
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6TargetsofSI 85 many of the genes e
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6TargetsofSI 87 [Ca 2+ ]i may signa
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6TargetsofSI 89 is crosstalk betwee
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6TargetsofSI 91 Hepler PK, Vidali L
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6TargetsofSI 93 Snowman BN, Kovar D
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96 T. Nürnberger, B. Kemmerling Wh
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98 T. Nürnberger, B. Kemmerling Fo
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100 T. Nürnberger, B. Kemmerling p
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102 T. Nürnberger, B. Kemmerling i
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106 T. Nürnberger, B. Kemmerling F
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108 T. Nürnberger, B. Kemmerling M
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8 Nitric Oxide Involvement in Incom
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124 M.L. Lanteri et al. 9.1.1 Auxin
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126 M.L. Lanteri et al. Fig.9.1. Sc
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128 M.L. Lanteri et al. Fig.9.2. NO
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130 M.L. Lanteri et al. 9.3.1 Nitri
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134 M.L. Lanteri et al. Bellamine J
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136 M.L. Lanteri et al. Pagnussat G
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138 S.J. Murch H 3C CH3 CH3 N H 2C
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140 S.J. Murch edible plants (Manch
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142 S.J. Murch However, over the la
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144 S.J. Murch of monoamine, amino
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146 S.J. Murch On Guam and in other
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148 S.J. Murch 10.4 Conclusions and
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150 S.J. Murch Lindstrom H, Luthman
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11 Amino Acid Transport in Plants a
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11 AA transport in plant versus neu
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12 GABA and GHB Neurotransmitters i
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188 M. Gilliham et al. Fig.13.1. Ar
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190 M. Gilliham et al. as compatibl
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192 M. Gilliham et al. apex (Zhang
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194 M. Gilliham et al. 13.3.3 Are A
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198 M. Gilliham et al. 2005). It is
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200 M. Gilliham et al. 13.4.5 NSCC
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204 M. Gilliham et al. Zheng Y, Mel
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206 E.B. Blancaflor, K.D. Chapman F
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15 Regulation of Plant Growth and D
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16 Physiological Roles of Nonselect
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16 Nonselective cation channels 237
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17 Touch-Responsive Behaviors and G
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18 Oscillations in Plants Sergey Sh
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18 Oscillations in Plants 263 Tempo
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18 Oscillations in Plants 265 Dries
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18 Oscillations in Plants 267 backg
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18 Oscillations in Plants 269 The f
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18 Oscillations in Plants 271 prehe
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18 Oscillations in Plants 273 Cardo
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278 K.Trebacz,H.Dziubinska,E.Krol W
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280 K.Trebacz,H.Dziubinska,E.Krol T
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292 R. Stahlberg, R.E. Cleland, E.
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310 E.Davies,B.Stankovic It is assu
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412 L.G. Perry et al. 27.4 (±)-Cat
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414 L.G. Perry et al. (±)-catechin
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416 L.G. Perry et al. mineralizatio
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418 L.G. Perry et al. Dyer AR (2004
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420 L.G. Perry et al. Singh HP, Bat
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422 V.Ninkovic,R.Glinwood,J.Petters
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436 Subject Index defense 67, 95-10
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438 Subject Index sieve-tube-elemen
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