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384 E. Wagner et al. Fig.25.11. a Kinetics of LM (green line), SER (blue line) (millimetres per hour) and time of appearance of action potentials (APs, red vertical lines)inC. murale (6-week-old plants) during exposure to non-inductive photoperiod with a light-to-dark ratio of 4 h : 20 h. b Schematic drawing of LM of Chenopodium showing the diurnal change of leaf position Fig.25.12. Specific changes in the phasing of SER and LM kinetics appear upon flower induction. Both parameters depend on turgor-mediated growth and their interactions demonstrate rhythmic interorgan communication. LMs and SER are quantified by computer controlled time lapse photography (see Fig. 25.1)
25 Hydro-Electrochemical Integration of the Higher Plant 385 be detected shortly after a light–dark or a dark–light transition (Wagner et al 1998). Measurements under the non-inductive light conditions for flowering did show that in the long-day plant C. murale mainly light-on signals were observed, while in the short-day plant C. rubrum an accumulation of the signals was observed after the light–dark transition. Under the influence of the flower-inducing photoperiods, both groups of plants showed an inverse pattern of action potential accumulation. In long-term measurements, the correlation between flower induction and the classification of action potentials either as light-on or as light-off signals could clearly be demonstrated. Therefore, this criterion is an important indicator for the state of flowering or for the differentiation between long- and short-day plant material. Thus, it has been shown that short-day plants and long-day plants each display characteristic distributions of action potentials during dark and light phases, which are characteristic for flower-inducing and non-flower-inducing conditions. It follows that the temporal distribution of action potentials over and within dark and light spans can also be reliably used as a marker for the flowering state of a given plant material (Wagner et al. 2004). 25.8 Substitution of Photoperiodic Flower Induction by Electrogenic Flower Induction Specific electrophysiograms characteristic for photoperiodic flower induction were generated providing information concerning the electrical signal patterns of flower-induced plants. Experiments on electrostimulation using specific impulse patterns of DC current were aimed at inducing flowering under non-inductive light conditions. The results obtained showed that DC pulses during a fixed period of time for 1.5 h on seven consecutive days clearly induced seven of the 12 plants under investigation. With inverse polarity of the stimulating DC current, the apices of the stimulated plants did not show any difference compared to the apices of non-stimulated control plants (Wagner et al. 2004). These results clearly show that the adequate polarity of the stimulating electrodes is of decisive importance for flower induction. The temporal patterns of the stimulating currents should be selected depending on the type of plant (short-day or long-day) and the temporal pattern of the transition between endogenous oscillation in photophile and skotophile phases. The results obtained prove that flower induction in the plant can be induced by electrophysiological stimulation under non-flower-inducing environmental conditions.
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František Baluška · Stefano Manc
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Dr. František Baluška University
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VI Preface turn, reward the ants by
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VIII Preface of olfactory response.
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Contents 1 The Green Plant as an In
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Contents XIII 6 Signals and Targets
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Contents XV 11 Amino Acid Transport
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Contents XVII 15 Regulation of Plan
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Contents XIX 21.3 Conclusions and P
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Contents XXI 27.3.2 Catechin Induce
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XXIV Contributors Correa-Aragunde,
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XXVI Contributors Lamattina, L. (e-
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XXVIII Contributors Song, C. Depart
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1 The Green Plant as an Intelligent
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2 Neurobiological View of Plants an
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38 P.W. Barlow Thestimulipresentedt
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40 P.W. Barlow that a tropism is su
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42 P.W. Barlow the auxin flow into
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44 P.W. Barlow afferentnervousimpul
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46 P.W. Barlow analysis. In particu
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48 P.W. Barlow reception of his boo
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50 P.W. Barlow Iijima M, Kono Y (19
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4 How Can Plants Choose the Most Pr
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66 P.M. Neumann Finally, I examined
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68 P.M. Neumann evolutionary progre
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70 P.M. Neumann conclusion is that
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72 P.M. Neumann resources from matu
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6 Signals and Targets Triggered by
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6TargetsofSI 77 6.1.2 Self-Incompat
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6TargetsofSI 79 by Yang 2002) has p
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6TargetsofSI 81 al. 2002). Thus, SI
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6TargetsofSI 83 Fig.6.2. PrABP80 ha
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6TargetsofSI 85 many of the genes e
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6TargetsofSI 87 [Ca 2+ ]i may signa
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6TargetsofSI 89 is crosstalk betwee
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6TargetsofSI 91 Hepler PK, Vidali L
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6TargetsofSI 93 Snowman BN, Kovar D
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96 T. Nürnberger, B. Kemmerling Wh
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98 T. Nürnberger, B. Kemmerling Fo
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100 T. Nürnberger, B. Kemmerling p
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102 T. Nürnberger, B. Kemmerling i
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106 T. Nürnberger, B. Kemmerling F
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108 T. Nürnberger, B. Kemmerling M
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8 Nitric Oxide Involvement in Incom
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124 M.L. Lanteri et al. 9.1.1 Auxin
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126 M.L. Lanteri et al. Fig.9.1. Sc
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128 M.L. Lanteri et al. Fig.9.2. NO
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130 M.L. Lanteri et al. 9.3.1 Nitri
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132 M.L. Lanteri et al. Fig.9.3. Sc
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134 M.L. Lanteri et al. Bellamine J
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136 M.L. Lanteri et al. Pagnussat G
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138 S.J. Murch H 3C CH3 CH3 N H 2C
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140 S.J. Murch edible plants (Manch
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142 S.J. Murch However, over the la
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144 S.J. Murch of monoamine, amino
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146 S.J. Murch On Guam and in other
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148 S.J. Murch 10.4 Conclusions and
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150 S.J. Murch Lindstrom H, Luthman
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11 Amino Acid Transport in Plants a
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11 AA transport in plant versus neu
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188 M. Gilliham et al. Fig.13.1. Ar
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190 M. Gilliham et al. as compatibl
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192 M. Gilliham et al. apex (Zhang
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194 M. Gilliham et al. 13.3.3 Are A
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196 M. Gilliham et al. sufficiently
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198 M. Gilliham et al. 2005). It is
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200 M. Gilliham et al. 13.4.5 NSCC
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202 M. Gilliham et al. Kang J, Meht
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204 M. Gilliham et al. Zheng Y, Mel
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206 E.B. Blancaflor, K.D. Chapman F
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218 E.B. Blancaflor, K.D. Chapman G
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15 Regulation of Plant Growth and D
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16 Physiological Roles of Nonselect
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16 Nonselective cation channels 237
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17 Touch-Responsive Behaviors and G
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18 Oscillations in Plants Sergey Sh
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18 Oscillations in Plants 263 Tempo
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18 Oscillations in Plants 265 Dries
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18 Oscillations in Plants 267 backg
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18 Oscillations in Plants 269 The f
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18 Oscillations in Plants 271 prehe
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18 Oscillations in Plants 273 Cardo
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278 K.Trebacz,H.Dziubinska,E.Krol W
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280 K.Trebacz,H.Dziubinska,E.Krol T
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282 K.Trebacz,H.Dziubinska,E.Krol E
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284 K.Trebacz,H.Dziubinska,E.Krol 1
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286 K.Trebacz,H.Dziubinska,E.Krol n
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288 K.Trebacz,H.Dziubinska,E.Krol D
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290 K.Trebacz,H.Dziubinska,E.Krol S
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292 R. Stahlberg, R.E. Cleland, E.
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310 E.Davies,B.Stankovic It is assu
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312 E.Davies,B.Stankovic 21.2 Evide
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314 E.Davies,B.Stankovic Fig.21.3.
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316 E.Davies,B.Stankovic Relative m
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318 E.Davies,B.Stankovic 1992; Beel
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320 E.Davies,B.Stankovic Hentze MW,
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322 J. Fromm, S. Lautner in the ran
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324 J. Fromm, S. Lautner cells (Sam
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326 J. Fromm, S. Lautner 22.5 Ion C
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328 J. Fromm, S. Lautner hastobedon
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330 J. Fromm, S. Lautner Beilby MJ,
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332 J. Fromm, S. Lautner Williams S
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434 V.Ninkovic,R.Glinwood,J.Petters
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436 Subject Index defense 67, 95-10
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438 Subject Index sieve-tube-elemen
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