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18 A. Trewavas Tong AHY, Drees B, Nardelli G et al (2002) A combined experimental and computational strategy to define protein interaction networks for peptide recognition modules. Science 295:321–324 Tremmel DC, Bazzaz FA (1993) How neighbour canopy architecture affects target plant performance. Ecology 74:2114–2124 Tremmel DC, Bazzaz FA (1995) Plant architecture and allocation in different neighbourhoods: implications for competitive success. Ecology 76:262–271 Trewavas AJ (1986) Resource allocation under poor growth conditions. A major role for growth substances in plasticity. In: Jennings DH, Trewavas AJ (eds) Plasticity in plants. Symposia for Society of Experimental Biology Med XL. Company of Biologists, Cambridge, pp 31–77 Trewavas AJ (1998) The importance of individuality. In: Loerner HR (ed) Plant responses to environmental stresses. Dekker, New York, pp 27–43 Trewavas AJ (1999) Le calcium c’est la vie; calcium makes waves. Plant Physiol 120:1–6 Trewavas AJ (2000) Signal perception and transduction. In: Buchanan BBB, Gruissem W, Jones RL (eds) Biochemistry and molecular biology of plants. American Society of Plant Physiologists, Rockville, MD, pp 930–988 Trewavas AJ (2002) Mindless mastery. Nature 415:841 Trewavas AJ (2003) Aspects of plant intelligence. Ann Bot 92:1–20 Trewavas AJ (2004) Aspects of plant Intelligence: an answer to Firn. Ann Bot 93:353–357 Trewavas AJ (2005) Plant intelligence. Naturwissenschaften (in press) Turkington R, Aarsen LW (1984) Local scale differentiation as a result of competitive interactions. In: Dirzo R, Sarukhan J (eds) Perspectives on plant population ecology, Sinauer, Sunderland, MA, pp 107–128 Turkington R, Klein E (1991) Integration among ramets of Trifolium repens. Can J Bot 69:226–228 Turkington R, Sackville Hamilton R, Gliddon C (1991) Within-population variation in localised and integrated responses of Trifolium repens to biotically patchy environments. Oecologia 86:183–192 Verdus MC, Thellier M, Ripoli C (1997) Storage of environmental signals in flax; their morphogenetic effect as enabled by a transient depletion of calcium. Plant J 12:1399– 1410 Vertosick FT, Kelly RH (1991) The immune system as a neural network: a multi-epitope approach. J Theor Biol 150:225–237 Vertosick FT (2002) The genius within. Discovering the intelligence of every living thing. Harcourt, New York Warwick K (2001) The quest for intelligence. Piatkus, London Wijesinghe DK, Hutchings MJ (1999) The effects of environmental heterogeneity on the performance of Glechoma hederacea: the interactions between patch contrast and patch scale. J Ecol 87:860–872 Yamada T, Okuda T, Abdullah, M, Awang, M, Furukawa A (2000) The leaf development process and its significance for reducing self-shading of a tropical pioneer tree species. Oecologia 125:476–482 Zhong GY, Dvorak J (1995) Chromosomal control of the tolerance of gradually and suddenlyimposed salt stress in the Lophopyrum elongatum and wheat genomes. Theor Appl Genet 90:229–236
2 Neurobiological View of Plants and Their Body Plan František Baluška, Dieter Volkmann, Andrej Hlavacka, Stefano Mancuso, Peter W. Barlow Abstract All principal metabolic biochemical pathways are conserved in animal and plant cells. Besides this, plants have been shown to be identical to animals from several other rather unexpected perspectives. For their reproduction, plants use identical sexual processes based on fusing sperm cells and oocytes. Next, plants attacked by pathogens develop immunity using processes and mechanisms corresponding to those operating in animals. Last, but not least, both animals and plants use the same molecules and pathways to drive their circadian rhythms. Currently, owing to the critical mass of new data which has accumulated, plant science has reached a crossroads culminating in the emergence of plant neurobiology as the most recent area of plant sciences. Plants perform complex information processing and use not only action potentials but also synaptic modes of cell–cell communication. Thus, the term ‘plant neurobiology’ appears to be justified. In fact, the word neuron was taken by animal neurobiologists from Greek, where the original meaning of this word is ‘vegetal fibre’. Several surprises emerge when applying a ‘neurobiological’ perspective to illustrate how the plant tissues and the plant body are organized. Firstly, root apices are specialized not only for the uptake of nutrients but they also seem to support neuronal-like activities based on plant synapses. These synapses transport auxin via synaptic processes, suggesting that auxin is a plant-specific neurotransmitter. Altogether, root apices emerge as command centres and represent the anterior pole of the plant body. In accordance with this perspective, shoot apices act as the posterior pole. They are specialized for sexual reproduction and the excretion of metabolic products via hydathodes, trichomes, and stomata. Next, vascular elements allow the rapid spread of hydraulic signals and classical action potentials resembling nerves. As plants are capable of learning and they take decisions about their future activities according to the actual environmental conditions, it is obvious that they possess a complex apparatus for the storage and processing of information. Life has always seemed to me like a plant that lives on its rhizome. Its true life is invisible,hiddenintherhizome.Thepartthatappearsabovegroundlastsonlyasingle summer. Then it withers away – an ephemeral apparition. When we think of the unending growth and decay of life and civilisations, we cannot escape the impression of absolute nullity. Yet I have never lost a sense of something that lives and endures underneath the eternal flux. What we see is the blossom, which passes. The rhizome remains. Carl Gustav Jung: Memories, dreams, reflections, Collins and Routlege & Kegan Paul, London, 1963. Translated from German into English by Richard and Clare Winston. Communication in Plants F. Baluška, S. Mancuso, D. Volkmann (Eds.) © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006
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68 P.M. Neumann evolutionary progre
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6 Signals and Targets Triggered by
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138 S.J. Murch H 3C CH3 CH3 N H 2C
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140 S.J. Murch edible plants (Manch
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142 S.J. Murch However, over the la
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144 S.J. Murch of monoamine, amino
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146 S.J. Murch On Guam and in other
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148 S.J. Murch 10.4 Conclusions and
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150 S.J. Murch Lindstrom H, Luthman
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11 Amino Acid Transport in Plants a
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190 M. Gilliham et al. as compatibl
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192 M. Gilliham et al. apex (Zhang
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194 M. Gilliham et al. 13.3.3 Are A
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15 Regulation of Plant Growth and D
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278 K.Trebacz,H.Dziubinska,E.Krol W
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292 R. Stahlberg, R.E. Cleland, E.
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318 E.Davies,B.Stankovic 1992; Beel
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320 E.Davies,B.Stankovic Hentze MW,
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322 J. Fromm, S. Lautner in the ran
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26 Signals and Signalling Pathways
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408 L.G. Perry et al. phytotoxins i
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412 L.G. Perry et al. 27.4 (±)-Cat
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414 L.G. Perry et al. (±)-catechin
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418 L.G. Perry et al. Dyer AR (2004
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422 V.Ninkovic,R.Glinwood,J.Petters
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436 Subject Index defense 67, 95-10
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438 Subject Index sieve-tube-elemen
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