Proceedings of the 2009 northeastern recreation research symposium

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Uhlik, K.S.; Parr, M. 2005. How and why: Partnerships’ unanswered questions. Parks & Recreation. 40(6): 26-33. Vaske, J.J.; Donnelly, M.P.; LaPage, W.F. 1995. Partnerships for the 21st century: A return to democracy. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration. 13(4): x-xi. The content of this paper refl ects the views of the authors(s), who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the information presented herein. Proceedings of the 2009 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium GTR-NRS-P-66 111
EXPLORING ELEMENTS THAT INFLUENCE STEWARDSHIP IN THE EASTERN LAKE ONTARIO DUNE AND WETLAND AREA Diane Kuehn State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry dmkuehn@esf.edu James Smahol State University of New York Abstract.—Th e Eastern Lake Ontario Dune and Wetland Area (ELODWA) is a 17-mile stretch of sand dunes, wetlands, and woodlands along the eastern shore of Lake Ontario in New York State. Reductions in negative, visitor-caused impacts on the dunes (e.g., trampling of dune vegetation and sand erosion) are thought to be due in part to the extensive visitor education eff orts of government agencies and non-governmental organizations. Th is study seeks to identify the elements infl uencing the development of a stewardship ethic in ELODWA users via 60 in-person qualitative interviews. Interview data revealed that both on-site management actions and socialized elements (e.g., upbringing) infl uenced the stewardship actions of visitors. Recommendations based on the analysis include diversifying on-site management and communicating a consistent stewardship message over time. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Many researchers have studied the infl uence of educational eff orts on managing visitor behaviors in natural settings over the past 25 years (McAvoy and Dustin 1983, Vander Stoep and Gramann 1987, Duncan and Martin 2002, Kuehn and Th ompson 2007). Th e Eastern Lake Ontario Dune and Wetland Area (ELODWA) is a 17-mile stretch of sand dunes, wetlands, and woodlands located in north-central New York State. At the ELODWA, extensive visitor education eff orts by government agencies and non-governmental organizations in the area may be partially responsible for reductions in negative, visitor-caused impacts on the dunes (e.g., trampling of dune vegetation and sand erosion) (Kuehn and Habig 2005, Kuehn and Th ompson 2007). Th e strong stewardship ethic of many ELODWA visitors and local residents is of interest to agencies and organizations like the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York State Offi ce of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, New York Sea Grant, and Th e Nature Conservancy. Natural resource stewardship, defi ned as “making conscious decisions to act responsibly towards our environment” (Fisheries and Oceans Canada 2009), may play an important role in encouraging protective behaviors by resource users during their visits to natural areas. If understood, the elements infl uencing the development of this stewardship ethic in ELODWA users could be used to foster similar stewardship values in users of other natural areas. While a stewardship ethic has an important role in visitors’ careful use of natural resources, the existing knowledge base about what infl uences the development of stewardship values and behaviors in users is extremely limited. Th e purpose of this study is to identify management strategies that encourage ELODWA users’ stewardship of natural resources. To accomplish this goal, we conducted 60 interviews during the summer of 2008 to identify stewardship-related actions, the factors infl uencing stewardship in both resident and nonresident male and female ELODWA users, and whether a stewardship ethic develops immediately or over time. Th e results and management implications of this study are discussed below. 2.0 METHODS We conducted 60 in-person interviews with local residents and nonresidents in the ELODWA during summer 2008. We established a stratifi ed random sampling framework to sample visitors by location (fi ve areas providing public access within the ELODWA), day of week, time of day (morning, early afternoon, late afternoon), gender, perceived age (i.e., 18-40, 41-60, 61+ years), and proximity of residence to ELODWA area (residents were defi ned as those living within 20 miles of the ELODWA, while nonresidents were defi ned as those living 21 miles or more away). We developed a stratifi ed sampling framework for randomly chosen days Proceedings of the 2009 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium GTR-NRS-P-66 112
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United States Department of Agricul
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 NORTHEASTER
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OUTDOOR RECREATION—TRAILS Experie
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GIS APPLICATIONS AND RECREATION RES
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diff erent points along the spectru
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Proceedings of the 2009 Northeaster
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amount of bare rock. Camel’s Hump
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Larson, M. 2004. A Passive Approach
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THE ROLE OF IMAGINATION IN EXPERIEN
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Table 1.—Special places surveys L
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For some people, being in their spe
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND RESOURCE PLANNIN
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large geographical area (Fig. 1). T
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Divers seen = 4.4 Figure 2.—Norm
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Table 4.—Most-specialized divers
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Sarah Young Human Dimensions of Mar
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3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Th e FRR
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Table 4.—Divers’ perception of
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YOUTH AND OUTDOOR RECREATION
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A qualitative research design was u
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containers, instead of plastic bags
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WALK, RIDE AND LEARN: STUDENTS’ D
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school. Because of the large sample
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Table 8.—Observation of built str
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“I’M TOO OLD TO GO OUTSIDE!”
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Mean Eco-Affinity Score 5.0 4.5 4.0
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children. In: Klenosky, David B., F
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Cherie LeBlanc Fisher U.S Forest Se
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Table 1.—Comparative statistics f
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did some fi shing himself at each s
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On the other hand, some personal kn
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Illinois Department of Natural Reso
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Consumer behavior researchers have
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Page 69 and 70: y respondents indicated that these
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Page 73 and 74: HERITAGE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN RUR
Page 75 and 76: Short cruise season. Th e river fre
Page 77 and 78: Lynda J. Sperazza, Ph.D. Recreation
Page 79 and 80: 2.3 Leisure Participation Values Re
Page 81 and 82: Dychtwald, K. 1999. Age power: How
Page 83 and 84: With all research, the research que
Page 85 and 86: comprehensive. Cross (2005) even ar
Page 87 and 88: Stillwater, OK: Oklahoma State Univ
Page 89 and 90: EXPERIENCE USE HISTORY AND ITS RELA
Page 91 and 92: Table 1.—Comparison of experience
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Page 97 and 98: 2.0 METHODS Data were collected at
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Page 101 and 102: 4.0 DISCUSSION Visitor surveys and
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Page 113 and 114: Table 1.—Informant profi les Info
Page 115 and 116: do something and we might think it
Page 117: Th ese relational interactions enab
Page 121 and 122: trails, and asking others to stay o
Page 123 and 124: time/fi nances” in dune protectio
Page 125 and 126: In summary, this study explored the
Page 127 and 128: Jinhee Jun Texas A&M University jju
Page 129 and 130: Table 1.—Sample demographics Indi
Page 131 and 132: Grayson 1995). Th e fi t of this mo
Page 133 and 134: Stets, J.E.; Burke, P.J. 2003. A so
Page 135 and 136: Jiaying Lu Texas A& M University Ji
Page 137 and 138: Table 1.—Demographic and particip
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Page 145 and 146: Table 1.—Descriptions of key info
Page 147 and 148: sharing the place with others and a
Page 149 and 150: Manzo, L.C. 2005. For better or wor
Page 151 and 152: NORMATIVE TOLERANCES FOR SCUBA DIVE
Page 153 and 154: neutral point. Bubbles at the top o
Page 155 and 156: Table 1.—Snorkeler evaluations of
Page 157 and 158: Davis, D.; Tisdell, C. 1995. Recrea
Page 159 and 160: William Valliere University of Verm
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Page 163 and 164: Manning, R. 2007. Parks and carryin
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Acceptability 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4
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TOURISM TRENDS AND CHALLENGES
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the rankings of 12 attendance motiv
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Table 3.—Comparison of socio-econ
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Table 6.—Entertainment Seekers’
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PLACE MEANINGS
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Stedman (1999) posited that sense o
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points in a focus group session, Ne
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are not shared by current residents
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Ishwar Dhami Division of Forestry a
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Figure 2.—Model for the calculati
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Table 1.—Viewshed results for all
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land implies that planting vegetati
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Shafer, E.L.; Hamilton, J.F.; Schmi
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a setting’s ability to facilitate
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EUH Place Satisfaction Figure 1.—
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Table 4.—Regression coefficients
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Jőreskog, K.G.; Sőrbom, D. 2004.
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OUTDOOR RECREATION II
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Th e primary objective of the propo
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Question 10. Do you believe that SU
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Rodney B. Warnick Tom Stevens Unive
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Table 1.—Estimated visitation to
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Table 2.—Estimated national park
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For this section of the trend analy
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5.0 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS, AND IM
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RECREATION TRAILS IN MAINE AND NEW
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Table 2.—Average cross-sectional
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Table 5.—The percentage of stream
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Demrow, C.C. 2002. Maine trails man
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Turner, J.M. 2002. From woodcraft t
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Chad P. Dawson, Professor State Uni
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80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Very diss
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Table 4.—The number of campers in
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Fuller, C.; Dawson, C. 1999. A comp
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Table 1.—Modal response rates Ini
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Smee, A.; Brennan, M. 2000. Electro
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Table 1.—Characteristics of parti
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Table 3.—Results of discriminant
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5.0 CITATIONS Babbie, E. 2001. Th e
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Bernardita Silva Graduate Assistant
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Table 1.—Expenditures by 2008 Ame
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6.0 CITATIONS Della Bitta, A.; Lond
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the economic impact of travel, and
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the air show. Th e second most popu
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not displace other local spending.
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6.0 CITATIONS Adams, P.D.; Parmente
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MANAGEMENT AND USE OF PARK, RECREAT
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which suggests that diff erent type
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Table 2.—Between-groups ANOVA to
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forest settings (means = 4.4 and 4.
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LEISURE RESEARCH
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communities together, and a decline
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Table 2.—Life satisfaction scale
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onds within a social group is a mec
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“I JUST WANTED TO GET AWAY”: AN
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Th e importance of “getting away
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Gerlach, J. 1989. Spring Break at P
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www.nrs.fs.fed.us The U.S. Departme
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