Proceedings of the 2009 northeastern recreation research symposium

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3.2 National Park Visitation Trends by Adult Age Groups, 2000 to 2008 National park participation rates and number of visits were not evenly distributed across age groups (Table 1). Between 2000 and 2008, participation rates declined the most among adults age 45-54 (decline of 2.0 percent) and young adults age 18-24 (decline of 1.6 percent). Rate changes among other age groups were negligible and rates actually grew for adults 65 and older (increase of 2.0 percent) and age 25-34 (increase of 0.4 percent). When the age categories are broadened, the data show that adults over 55 had the largest estimated increase in number of visits. Between 2000 and 2008, the estimated number of 55- to 64-year-olds visiting national parks increased by 3.6 percent per year (from 1.4 million to 1.8 million) and the number of people over 65 visiting national parks increased by 3.1 percent per year. 3.3 National Park Visitation Trends by Education Status, 2000 to 2008 When we examined 2000-2008 participation rates across the education spectrum, we saw no defi nitive trends (Table 1). Participation rates declined across all education categories. Th e strongest declines occurred among adults who did not graduate from high school (a decline of 3.9 percent per year) and the weakest decline was among individuals with a college degree plus additional schooling (average annual decline of 0.9 percent). More revealing is that the rates of national park visitation were, on average, three to four times higher among the most educated groups than among the least educated group. 3.4 National Park Visitation Trends by Occupation, 2000 to 2008 National park visitation rates were also not evenly distributed across occupational groups of U.S. adults (Table 2). Participation rates declined the most among adults who held clerical/sales/technical positions (decline of 2.6 percent per year) and professional positions (decline of 2.1 percent per year). Th e participation rates of adults in precision/crafts/repair occupations actually increased slightly (0.2-percent increase per year) between 2000 and 2008. 3.5 National Park Visitation Trends by Regions, 2000 to 2008 National park visitation rates varied by region (Table 2). Regional participation rates were highest in the West in 2000 (6.6 percent) and 2008 (5.8 percent), but participation rates in the North Central region were the highest of all regions in several of the intervening years. Between 2000 and 2008, participation rates declined the most (4.1 percent per year) among adults who lived in the South and declined the least (0.6 percent per year) among adults who lived in the West. Participation rates actually grew in the Northeast by 1.5 percent per year between 2000 and 2008. Participation rates of adults living in the South was 6.3 percent in 2000 but dropped steadily to 4.4 percent by 2008 (except for a slight up-tick in 2006). Participation rates of adults who lived in the Northeast also fl uctuated from year to year between 2000 and 2008. 3.6 National Park Visitation Trends by Household Income, 2003 to 2008 National park visitation rates were also not evenly distributed across household income categories over time (Table 2). Participation rates declined the most among adults from households with gross incomes of $50,000-$59,990 (a decline of 1.3 percent per year). Overall participation rates were highest (9.7 percent in 2003 and 9.9 percent in 2008) among households in the highest income category ($150,000 per year or more). However, the lowest income groups had the most robust increases in national park visitation rates. For those with annual household incomes under $20,000, participation rates increased by 27.6 percent per year (from 1.4 percent in 2000 to 3.7 percent in 2008)—almost tripling during the period. Participation increased 10.2 percent per year in households with incomes of $20,000 to $29,999, increased by 8.9 percent per year in households making $30,000 to $39,999, and increased by 14.7 percent per year in households earning $40,000 to $49,999. However, these rates were still less than half the rates of the wealthiest households in almost every year. Proceedings of the 2009 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium GTR-NRS-P-66 207
Table 2.—Estimated national park visitation rates, 2000 to 2008, by occupation, Census region, gross household income, and race* Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Chg Rate** ‘00-’08 Total Adult National Park Visitation Rate (%) 5.9 6.2 5.9 5.8 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.2 -1.5% Occupation: professional 10.3 11.3 10.2 10.6 8.6 9.7 9.6 8.4 8.3 -2.1% Occupation: executive/ admin/mgr 8.5 9.4 9.2 8.3 7.7 7.8 8.2 8.6 8.1 -0.4% Occupation: clerical/sales/ tech 6.3 6.9 6.5 5.8 5.7 6.0 6.2 5.7 5.0 -2.6% Occupation: precision/ crafts/repair 5.5 5.0 4.1 5.1 5.3 6.0 4.1 5.1 4.8 0.2% Occupation: other 4.8 4.7 5.1 4.7 4.7 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.0 -1.9% Census Region: Northeast 5.1 5.7 5.7 6.1 5.9 5.9 6.1 6.0 5.7 1.5% Census Region: South 6.3 6.2 5.4 5.3 4.3 4.3 4.6 4.4 4.4 -4.1% Census Region: North Central 5.7 6.7 5.7 6.2 6.0 6.0 6.9 6.7 5.6 0.5% Census Region: West 6.6 5.9 7.0 6.2 5.7 6.7 5.4 6.3 5.8 -0.6% HHI $150K + na na na 9.7 8.1 9.7 8.8 9.7 9.9 1.3% HHI $75K - $149K na na na 8.7 7.6 8.0 8.2 9.5 9.1 1.4% HHI $60-$74.9K na na na 7.6 7.4 6.5 6.9 9.1 8.7 3.8% HHI $50-$59.9K na na na 7.8 6.3 7.7 6.0 7.0 6.7 -1.3% HHI $40-$49.9K na na na 4.4 5.8 3.7 5.6 7.4 7.0 14.7% HHI $30-$39.9K na na na 4.2 3.4 4.0 3.8 6.5 5.2 8.9% HHI $20-$29.9K na na na 3.7 3.0 2.5 2.6 5.1 4.4 10.2% HHI
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United States Department of Agricul
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 NORTHEASTER
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OUTDOOR RECREATION—TRAILS Experie
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GIS APPLICATIONS AND RECREATION RES
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diff erent points along the spectru
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Proceedings of the 2009 Northeaster
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amount of bare rock. Camel’s Hump
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Larson, M. 2004. A Passive Approach
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THE ROLE OF IMAGINATION IN EXPERIEN
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Table 1.—Special places surveys L
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For some people, being in their spe
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND RESOURCE PLANNIN
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large geographical area (Fig. 1). T
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Divers seen = 4.4 Figure 2.—Norm
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Table 4.—Most-specialized divers
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Sarah Young Human Dimensions of Mar
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3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Th e FRR
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Table 4.—Divers’ perception of
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YOUTH AND OUTDOOR RECREATION
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A qualitative research design was u
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containers, instead of plastic bags
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WALK, RIDE AND LEARN: STUDENTS’ D
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school. Because of the large sample
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Table 8.—Observation of built str
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“I’M TOO OLD TO GO OUTSIDE!”
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Mean Eco-Affinity Score 5.0 4.5 4.0
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children. In: Klenosky, David B., F
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Cherie LeBlanc Fisher U.S Forest Se
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Table 1.—Comparative statistics f
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did some fi shing himself at each s
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On the other hand, some personal kn
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Illinois Department of Natural Reso
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Consumer behavior researchers have
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50 percent of the households were d
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y respondents indicated that these
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a bivariate approach (instead of th
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HERITAGE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN RUR
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Short cruise season. Th e river fre
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Lynda J. Sperazza, Ph.D. Recreation
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2.3 Leisure Participation Values Re
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Dychtwald, K. 1999. Age power: How
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With all research, the research que
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comprehensive. Cross (2005) even ar
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Stillwater, OK: Oklahoma State Univ
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EXPERIENCE USE HISTORY AND ITS RELA
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Table 1.—Comparison of experience
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5.0 DISCUSSION As mentioned previou
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HUMAN DIMENSIONS OF WILDLIFE
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2.0 METHODS Data were collected at
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0 buses 4 buses 8 buses 12 buses Fi
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4.0 DISCUSSION Visitor surveys and
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LEISURE AND HEALTH
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Second, in a world where clean drin
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Table 1.—Importance of different
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Countries also need to be careful a
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Proceedings of the 2009 Northeaster
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Table 1.—Informant profi les Info
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do something and we might think it
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Th ese relational interactions enab
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EXPLORING ELEMENTS THAT INFLUENCE S
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trails, and asking others to stay o
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time/fi nances” in dune protectio
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In summary, this study explored the
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Jinhee Jun Texas A&M University jju
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Table 1.—Sample demographics Indi
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Grayson 1995). Th e fi t of this mo
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Stets, J.E.; Burke, P.J. 2003. A so
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Jiaying Lu Texas A& M University Ji
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Table 1.—Demographic and particip
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Table 3.—Factor analysis of motiv
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species sought, satisfaction, and r
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social nature within sense of place
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Table 1.—Descriptions of key info
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sharing the place with others and a
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Manzo, L.C. 2005. For better or wor
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NORMATIVE TOLERANCES FOR SCUBA DIVE
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neutral point. Bubbles at the top o
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Table 1.—Snorkeler evaluations of
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Davis, D.; Tisdell, C. 1995. Recrea
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William Valliere University of Verm
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Page 171 and 172: TOURISM TRENDS AND CHALLENGES
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which suggests that diff erent type
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Table 2.—Between-groups ANOVA to
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forest settings (means = 4.4 and 4.
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LEISURE RESEARCH
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communities together, and a decline
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Table 2.—Life satisfaction scale
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onds within a social group is a mec
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“I JUST WANTED TO GET AWAY”: AN
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Th e importance of “getting away
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Gerlach, J. 1989. Spring Break at P
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www.nrs.fs.fed.us The U.S. Departme
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