Proceedings of the 2009 northeastern recreation research symposium

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Table 3.—Estimated national park visitation rates, 2000 to 2008, by Internet user category and TV-viewing category* Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Chg Rate** ‘00-’08 Total Adult National Park Visitation Rate (%) 5.9 6.2 5.9 5.8 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.2 -1.5% TV (Total) Quintile I (Heavy) 3.9 4.1 5.7 3.9 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.8 3.0 -1.2% TV (Total) Quintile II 5.6 5.8 7.4 5.1 4.2 4.8 5.6 4.5 4.6 -0.5% TV (Total) Quintile III 6.2 6.3 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.0 -0.3% TV (Total) Quintile IV 7.2 7.0 4.9 5.8 6.9 6.2 6.1 6.6 5.7 -1.6% TV (Total) Quintile V (Light) 6.6 7.6 3.4 8.4 6.0 6.8 6.4 6.8 6.8 11.5% Internet Quintile I (Heavy) na na na na 8.2 8.1 7.3 7.8 7.3 Chg Rate ‘04-’08 -2.7% Internet Quintile II na na na na 6.7 7.5 7.9 6.6 6.6 0.2% Internet Quintile III na na na na 6.5 5.9 6.0 6.5 6.0 -1.7% Internet Quintile IV na na na na 2.6 3.4 3.7 4.0 4.0 11.9% Internet Quintile V (Light) na na na na 2.5 2.7 3.0 3.2 2.2 -1.4% *Source: Mediamark’s Topline Research Reports, 2000 to 2008; interpretation of data by authors. **Chg. Rate = Average Annual Change Rate for period covered. watching (from heaviest to lightest viewing); a quintile represents 20 percent of respondents. Th ose who watched the most television (Quintile I) were the least likely to visit national parks in every year between 2000 and 2008. Between 2000 and 2008, national park visitation rates declined among all but the lightest television-viewing group (Quintile V); the declines were nevertheless small (less than 2 percent per year). For those who watch the most television (Quintile I), national park visitation rates declined between 2000 and 2008 at a rate of 1.2 percent per year (from 3.9 percent in 2000 to 3.0 percent in 2008). Among those who watched the least television (Quintile V), participation rates increased from 6.6 percent in 2000 to 6.8 percent in 2008 (an average annual increase of 11.5 percent). 3.9 National Park Visitation Trends by Internet Use Quintile Groups, 2004 to 2008 National park visitation rates were unevenly distributed across U.S. adults with diff erent Internet use habits (Table 3). Here, again, Mediamark provides participation rates of Internet use habits in heavy to light quintile groups, but the data have been collected only since 2004. For those with the heaviest Internet use (Quintile I), national park visitation rates declined at a rate of 2.7 percent per year from 2004 to 2008. In 2004, the heaviest Internet users had participation rates of 8.2 percent, declining to 7.3 percent in 2008. National park visitation rates among those who used the Internet the least (Quintile V) declined as well, from 2.5 percent in 2004 to 2.2 percent in 2008. 4.0 ADDITIONAL RESULTS Similar patterns were noted in use of other media, including newspaper and magazine reading behavior and its relationship to national park visitation. (Data were not provided in table form due to space limitations.) Unfortunately, TRR does not report on video game playing, DVD purchases, or watching/listening to other media formats in a way that can be directly linked to national park visitation. However, SRDS provides data from 1993 through 2008 on U.S. households’ interest in the environment and wildlife, and these data are directly linked to a wide variety of outdoor activities and media use habits. Proceedings of the 2009 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium GTR-NRS-P-66 209
For this section of the trend analysis, we selected the following groupings of activities: travel-related activities (domestic travel, vacation travel, foreign travel, and cruise ship travel); outdoor recreation activities (camping/hiking, fi shing, hunting/shooting, snow skiing, and recreation vehicle use); and media/video-related activities (subscription to cable television, video game playing, and online Internet use). Trends in each of these activity categories are reported with the trend years of available data noted. Data for some activities were not available for the entire period of 1993 to 2008. 4.1 Interest in Environment and Wildlife, 1993 to 2008 National park visitation rates in households with an interest in the environment and wildlife declined only slightly (by about 0.5 percent per year) between 1993 and 2008. Among this group, the national park visitation rate was 16.9 percent in 1993, 18.6 percent in 2000, and 15.0 percent in 2008. Between 1993 and 2008, the actual number of people surveyed who expressed interest in the environment and wildlife grew slightly by 0.7 percent per year, from an estimated 15.93 million households in 1993 to 17.05 million households in 2008 (with an in-between peak of 19.6 million households in 2001). 4.2 Interest in Environment and Wildlife by Travel Related Activities, 1993 to 2008 Do people who are interested in the environment and wildlife travel? Are those rates increasing or declining? Th e percent of households that were interested in the environment and wildlife and that engaged in domestic travel increased at an average annual rate of 1.0 percent; the actual number of these households grew at a rate of 1.9 percent. In 1993, 49.3 percent of households interested in the environment and wildlife engaged in domestic travel and by 2008, 56.8 percent traveled domestically. Th e percentage of households that were interested in the environment and wildlife and that engaged in vacation travel declined at an average annual rate of 0.05 percent (data available only from 1995 to 2005) and the actual number of these households grew at a rate of 0.6 percent per year. In 1995, 51.7 percent of households interested in the environment and wildlife engaged in vacation travel and by 2005, 48.8 percent engaged in vacation travel. Th e percent of households that were interested in the environment and wildlife that engaged in foreign travel increased at an average annual rate of 1.9 percent and the actual number of these households grew at a rate of 2.7 percent per year. In 1993, 21.6 percent of households interested in the environment and wildlife engaged in foreign travel and by 2008, 28.5 percent traveled abroad. Finally, cruise ship travel was examined with data from 1999 through 2008. Th e percent of households that were interested in the environment and wildlife that engaged in cruise ship travel increased at an average annual rate of 2.7 percent (data available only from 1999 to 2008) and the actual number of these households grew 4.4 percent per year. In 1999, 18.2 percent of households interested in the environment and wildlife engaged in cruise ship travel. In 2008, 22.4 percent went on a cruise ship and that percentage was as high as 24.4 percent in 2006. Among households interested in the environment and wildlife, the growth rate of only two of the four travelrelated activities, cruise ship travel and foreign travel, exceeded the average annual household growth rate of 1.2 percent. 4.3 Interest in Environment and Wildlife by Outdoor Recreation Activities, 1993 to 2008 Th e percent of households that were interested in the environment and wildlife and that engaged in camping/ hiking grew at an average annual rate of 1.6 percent. Th e actual number of these households grew 2.4 percent per year. In 1995, 40.2 percent of households interested in the environment and wildlife went hiking and/or camping and by 2008, 50.8 percent engaged in hiking/camping. Th e percent of households that were interested in the environment and wildlife and engaged in fi shing rose at an average annual rate of 3.1 percent and the actual number of these households grew 4.0 percent per year. In 1993, 33.3 percent of households interested in the environment and wildlife went fi shing and by 2008, 51.1 percent engaged in fi shing. Proceedings of the 2009 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium GTR-NRS-P-66 210
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United States Department of Agricul
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 NORTHEASTER
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OUTDOOR RECREATION—TRAILS Experie
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GIS APPLICATIONS AND RECREATION RES
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diff erent points along the spectru
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Proceedings of the 2009 Northeaster
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amount of bare rock. Camel’s Hump
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Larson, M. 2004. A Passive Approach
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THE ROLE OF IMAGINATION IN EXPERIEN
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Table 1.—Special places surveys L
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For some people, being in their spe
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND RESOURCE PLANNIN
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large geographical area (Fig. 1). T
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Divers seen = 4.4 Figure 2.—Norm
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Table 4.—Most-specialized divers
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Sarah Young Human Dimensions of Mar
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3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Th e FRR
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Table 4.—Divers’ perception of
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YOUTH AND OUTDOOR RECREATION
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A qualitative research design was u
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containers, instead of plastic bags
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WALK, RIDE AND LEARN: STUDENTS’ D
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school. Because of the large sample
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Table 8.—Observation of built str
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“I’M TOO OLD TO GO OUTSIDE!”
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Mean Eco-Affinity Score 5.0 4.5 4.0
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children. In: Klenosky, David B., F
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Cherie LeBlanc Fisher U.S Forest Se
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Table 1.—Comparative statistics f
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did some fi shing himself at each s
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On the other hand, some personal kn
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Illinois Department of Natural Reso
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Consumer behavior researchers have
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50 percent of the households were d
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y respondents indicated that these
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a bivariate approach (instead of th
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HERITAGE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN RUR
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Short cruise season. Th e river fre
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Lynda J. Sperazza, Ph.D. Recreation
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2.3 Leisure Participation Values Re
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Dychtwald, K. 1999. Age power: How
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With all research, the research que
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comprehensive. Cross (2005) even ar
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Stillwater, OK: Oklahoma State Univ
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EXPERIENCE USE HISTORY AND ITS RELA
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Table 1.—Comparison of experience
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5.0 DISCUSSION As mentioned previou
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HUMAN DIMENSIONS OF WILDLIFE
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2.0 METHODS Data were collected at
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0 buses 4 buses 8 buses 12 buses Fi
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4.0 DISCUSSION Visitor surveys and
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LEISURE AND HEALTH
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Second, in a world where clean drin
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Table 1.—Importance of different
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Countries also need to be careful a
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Proceedings of the 2009 Northeaster
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Table 1.—Informant profi les Info
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do something and we might think it
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Th ese relational interactions enab
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EXPLORING ELEMENTS THAT INFLUENCE S
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trails, and asking others to stay o
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time/fi nances” in dune protectio
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In summary, this study explored the
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Jinhee Jun Texas A&M University jju
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Table 1.—Sample demographics Indi
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Grayson 1995). Th e fi t of this mo
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Stets, J.E.; Burke, P.J. 2003. A so
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Jiaying Lu Texas A& M University Ji
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Table 1.—Demographic and particip
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Table 3.—Factor analysis of motiv
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species sought, satisfaction, and r
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social nature within sense of place
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Table 1.—Descriptions of key info
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sharing the place with others and a
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Manzo, L.C. 2005. For better or wor
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NORMATIVE TOLERANCES FOR SCUBA DIVE
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neutral point. Bubbles at the top o
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Table 1.—Snorkeler evaluations of
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Davis, D.; Tisdell, C. 1995. Recrea
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William Valliere University of Verm
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��
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Manning, R. 2007. Parks and carryin
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Page 167 and 168: Figure 1.—Pedestrian walkway LOS
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Page 171 and 172: TOURISM TRENDS AND CHALLENGES
Page 173 and 174: the rankings of 12 attendance motiv
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Page 179 and 180: PLACE MEANINGS
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Page 199 and 200: EUH Place Satisfaction Figure 1.—
Page 201 and 202: Table 4.—Regression coefficients
Page 203 and 204: Jőreskog, K.G.; Sőrbom, D. 2004.
Page 205 and 206: OUTDOOR RECREATION II
Page 207 and 208: Th e primary objective of the propo
Page 209 and 210: Question 10. Do you believe that SU
Page 211 and 212: Rodney B. Warnick Tom Stevens Unive
Page 213 and 214: Table 1.—Estimated visitation to
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Page 219 and 220: 5.0 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS, AND IM
Page 221 and 222: RECREATION TRAILS IN MAINE AND NEW
Page 223 and 224: Table 2.—Average cross-sectional
Page 225 and 226: Table 5.—The percentage of stream
Page 227 and 228: Demrow, C.C. 2002. Maine trails man
Page 229 and 230: Turner, J.M. 2002. From woodcraft t
Page 231 and 232: Chad P. Dawson, Professor State Uni
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Page 235 and 236: Table 4.—The number of campers in
Page 237 and 238: Fuller, C.; Dawson, C. 1999. A comp
Page 239 and 240: Table 1.—Modal response rates Ini
Page 241 and 242: Smee, A.; Brennan, M. 2000. Electro
Page 243 and 244: Table 1.—Characteristics of parti
Page 245 and 246: Table 3.—Results of discriminant
Page 247 and 248: 5.0 CITATIONS Babbie, E. 2001. Th e
Page 249 and 250: Bernardita Silva Graduate Assistant
Page 251 and 252: Table 1.—Expenditures by 2008 Ame
Page 253 and 254: 6.0 CITATIONS Della Bitta, A.; Lond
Page 255 and 256: the economic impact of travel, and
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Page 259 and 260: not displace other local spending.
Page 261 and 262: 6.0 CITATIONS Adams, P.D.; Parmente
Page 263 and 264: MANAGEMENT AND USE OF PARK, RECREAT
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Table 2.—Between-groups ANOVA to
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forest settings (means = 4.4 and 4.
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LEISURE RESEARCH
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communities together, and a decline
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Table 2.—Life satisfaction scale
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onds within a social group is a mec
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“I JUST WANTED TO GET AWAY”: AN
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Th e importance of “getting away
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Gerlach, J. 1989. Spring Break at P
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www.nrs.fs.fed.us The U.S. Departme
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