Proceedings of the 2009 northeastern recreation research symposium

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Acceptability � � � � � �� Number of People in Photograph Figure 2.—Social norm curve for number of people at one time in the cellhouse. Table 2.—Standards of quality for different evaluative dimensions Evaluative dimension 2007* 1998* Preference 25.4 25.1 Acceptability 45.9 45.0 Management action 44.0 43.9 Typically seen * Average number of people 38.2 40.7 capacity and may need further management, such as reservations for the cellhouse tour, or use limits. Second, normative standards for this indicator seem to be very stable. Few substantive diff erences in normative standards occurred between the present study and the identical study conducted in 1998. Th ese fi ndings are consistent with results from other studies that found that single-tolerance norms, like the ones measured in this study, tend to be stable over time (Bacon et al. 2003, Kim and Shelby 2008). Additionally, even with minor changes to the format and length of the cellhouse tour at Alcatraz, the normative standard for the number of people-at-one-time in the cellhouse has remained stable. Th is consistency implies that managers can confi dently use normative standards for long-term management. 5.0 CITATIONS Bacon, J.; Manning, R.; Johnson, D.; Vandekamp, M. 2003. Norm stability: a longitudinal analysis of crowding and related norms in the wilderness of Denali National Park & Preserve. Th e George Wright Forum. 18: 62-71. Cole, D.; Watson, A.; Roggenbuck, J. 1995. Trends in wilderness visitors and visits: Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Shining Rock, and Desolation Wilderness. Res. Pap. INT-483.Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, lntermountain Research Station. Kim, D.; Shelby, B. 2008. Norm stability in Jirisan National Park: Eff ects of time, existing conditions, and background characteristics. Environmental Management. 41: 566-572. Kuentzel, W.; Heberlein, T. 2003. More visitors, less crowding: Change and stability of norms over time at the Apostle Islands. Journal of Leisure Research. 35: 349-371. Proceedings of the 2009 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium GTR-NRS-P-66 �� 155
Manning, R. 2007. Parks and carrying capacity: Commons without tragedy. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. Manning, R.; Valliere, W.; Wang, B.; Jacobi, C. 1999. Crowding norms: Alternative measurement approaches. Leisure Sciences. 21: 97-115. Manning, R.; Wang, B.; Valliere, W.; Lawson, S.; Newman, P. 2002. Research to Estimate and Manage Carrying Capacity of a Tourist Attraction: A Study of Alcatraz Island. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 10(5): 388-404. National Park Service. 1997. VERP: Th e visitor experience and resource protection (VERP) framework – A handbook for planners and managers. Denver: Denver Service Center. The content of this paper refl ects the views of the authors(s), who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the information presented herein. Shelby, B.; Bregenzer, N.; Johnson, R. 1988. Displacement and product shift: Empirical evidence from Oregon rivers. Journal of Leisure Research. 20: 274-288. Proceedings of the 2009 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium GTR-NRS-P-66 156
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United States Department of Agricul
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 NORTHEASTER
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OUTDOOR RECREATION—TRAILS Experie
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GIS APPLICATIONS AND RECREATION RES
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diff erent points along the spectru
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Proceedings of the 2009 Northeaster
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amount of bare rock. Camel’s Hump
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Larson, M. 2004. A Passive Approach
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THE ROLE OF IMAGINATION IN EXPERIEN
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Table 1.—Special places surveys L
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For some people, being in their spe
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND RESOURCE PLANNIN
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large geographical area (Fig. 1). T
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Divers seen = 4.4 Figure 2.—Norm
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Table 4.—Most-specialized divers
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Sarah Young Human Dimensions of Mar
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3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Th e FRR
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Table 4.—Divers’ perception of
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YOUTH AND OUTDOOR RECREATION
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A qualitative research design was u
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containers, instead of plastic bags
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WALK, RIDE AND LEARN: STUDENTS’ D
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school. Because of the large sample
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Table 8.—Observation of built str
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“I’M TOO OLD TO GO OUTSIDE!”
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Mean Eco-Affinity Score 5.0 4.5 4.0
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children. In: Klenosky, David B., F
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Cherie LeBlanc Fisher U.S Forest Se
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Table 1.—Comparative statistics f
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did some fi shing himself at each s
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On the other hand, some personal kn
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Illinois Department of Natural Reso
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Consumer behavior researchers have
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50 percent of the households were d
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y respondents indicated that these
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a bivariate approach (instead of th
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HERITAGE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN RUR
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Short cruise season. Th e river fre
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Lynda J. Sperazza, Ph.D. Recreation
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2.3 Leisure Participation Values Re
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Dychtwald, K. 1999. Age power: How
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With all research, the research que
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comprehensive. Cross (2005) even ar
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Stillwater, OK: Oklahoma State Univ
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EXPERIENCE USE HISTORY AND ITS RELA
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Table 1.—Comparison of experience
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5.0 DISCUSSION As mentioned previou
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HUMAN DIMENSIONS OF WILDLIFE
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2.0 METHODS Data were collected at
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0 buses 4 buses 8 buses 12 buses Fi
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4.0 DISCUSSION Visitor surveys and
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LEISURE AND HEALTH
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Second, in a world where clean drin
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Table 1.—Importance of different
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Countries also need to be careful a
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Page 113 and 114: Table 1.—Informant profi les Info
Page 115 and 116: do something and we might think it
Page 117 and 118: Th ese relational interactions enab
Page 119 and 120: EXPLORING ELEMENTS THAT INFLUENCE S
Page 121 and 122: trails, and asking others to stay o
Page 123 and 124: time/fi nances” in dune protectio
Page 125 and 126: In summary, this study explored the
Page 127 and 128: Jinhee Jun Texas A&M University jju
Page 129 and 130: Table 1.—Sample demographics Indi
Page 131 and 132: Grayson 1995). Th e fi t of this mo
Page 133 and 134: Stets, J.E.; Burke, P.J. 2003. A so
Page 135 and 136: Jiaying Lu Texas A& M University Ji
Page 137 and 138: Table 1.—Demographic and particip
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Page 145 and 146: Table 1.—Descriptions of key info
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Page 149 and 150: Manzo, L.C. 2005. For better or wor
Page 151 and 152: NORMATIVE TOLERANCES FOR SCUBA DIVE
Page 153 and 154: neutral point. Bubbles at the top o
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Page 157 and 158: Davis, D.; Tisdell, C. 1995. Recrea
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Page 171 and 172: TOURISM TRENDS AND CHALLENGES
Page 173 and 174: the rankings of 12 attendance motiv
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Page 177 and 178: Table 6.—Entertainment Seekers’
Page 179 and 180: PLACE MEANINGS
Page 181 and 182: Stedman (1999) posited that sense o
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Page 187 and 188: Ishwar Dhami Division of Forestry a
Page 189 and 190: Figure 2.—Model for the calculati
Page 191 and 192: Table 1.—Viewshed results for all
Page 193 and 194: land implies that planting vegetati
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Page 205 and 206: OUTDOOR RECREATION II
Page 207 and 208: Th e primary objective of the propo
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Table 1.—Estimated visitation to
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Table 2.—Estimated national park
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For this section of the trend analy
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5.0 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS, AND IM
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RECREATION TRAILS IN MAINE AND NEW
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Table 2.—Average cross-sectional
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Table 5.—The percentage of stream
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Demrow, C.C. 2002. Maine trails man
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Turner, J.M. 2002. From woodcraft t
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Chad P. Dawson, Professor State Uni
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80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Very diss
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Table 4.—The number of campers in
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Fuller, C.; Dawson, C. 1999. A comp
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Table 1.—Modal response rates Ini
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Smee, A.; Brennan, M. 2000. Electro
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Table 1.—Characteristics of parti
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Table 3.—Results of discriminant
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5.0 CITATIONS Babbie, E. 2001. Th e
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Bernardita Silva Graduate Assistant
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Table 1.—Expenditures by 2008 Ame
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6.0 CITATIONS Della Bitta, A.; Lond
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the economic impact of travel, and
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the air show. Th e second most popu
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not displace other local spending.
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6.0 CITATIONS Adams, P.D.; Parmente
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MANAGEMENT AND USE OF PARK, RECREAT
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which suggests that diff erent type
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Table 2.—Between-groups ANOVA to
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forest settings (means = 4.4 and 4.
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LEISURE RESEARCH
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communities together, and a decline
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Table 2.—Life satisfaction scale
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onds within a social group is a mec
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“I JUST WANTED TO GET AWAY”: AN
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Th e importance of “getting away
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Gerlach, J. 1989. Spring Break at P
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www.nrs.fs.fed.us The U.S. Departme
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