Proceedings of the 2009 northeastern recreation research symposium

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Table 2.—Elements infl uencing stewardship development. All subthemes mentioned are included; only those concepts mentioned by fi ve or more interviewees are included (n = 60) Subtheme Concepts Resident Male Female Visitor Male Female Total Personal beliefs concerning protecting the dune resource 12 14 13 13 52 Dune protection is important in general 12 10 9 10 41 Dune protection is important to maintain sand on the beach 0 4 3 2 9 It is important to protect the dunes for people 2 2 0 1 5 Educational elements 13 11 11 9 44 ELODWA interpretive signs 9 6 5 8 28 Discussions with dune stewards 4 2 5 2 13 Media (brochures, guidebook, articles) 1 6 3 0 10 Discussions about dune protection with unspecifi ed people 3 2 1 4 10 Sharing knowledge/ discussions with family 1 2 2 2 7 Education in general (media) 1 3 0 1 5 Appreciation for natural resources 11 9 7 11 38 Doing the “right thing” for the resource 0 3 4 6 13 Keeping the resource the way it is (“natural”) 4 4 1 4 13 Don’t want to lose resource 5 2 2 2 11 Don’t like litter on beach 4 2 1 2 9 Respecting resources in general 4 0 1 2 7 Perception that the resource is unique 2 1 1 3 7 Having respect for this resource 3 1 1 1 6 The resource is pretty/beautiful 1 1 1 2 5 Physical on-site elements 4 2 3 5 14 Designated routes (string fencing, walkovers) 2 2 2 4 10 Observations of change in resource 3 3 4 3 13 Observing degradation over time (in past) 3 3 2 3 11 Socialization 3 3 2 4 12 It’s the way I was brought up 0 2 2 2 6 Personal/family benefi t 2 2 4 2 10 Personal investment time/ fi nances 2 2 3 3 10 Involvement in a nongovernmental organization 2 1 3 3 9 Regulatory infl uences 2 0 0 2 4 Benefi ts for society 2 0 0 2 4 Knowledge of resource 1 0 2 0 3 Proceedings of the 2009 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium GTR-NRS-P-66 115
time/fi nances” in dune protection. Th e most frequently mentioned physical on-site infl uence was designated trails and walkways. One female nonresident indicated that string fencing, a psychological barrier used throughout the ELODWA, infl uenced her decision to stay out of the dunes. #45 (female visitor): I stay on the little paths that they rope off and stuff like that. Interviewees frequently mentioned that observing the past degradation of the dune system and its restoration over the past 20 years had infl uenced their actions in the ELODWA. One female resident described some of the changes that she has observed in the ecosystem. #22 (female resident): “I came here when I was a little girl and there are no dunes like they used to be. Th ey used to be 40 feet in the air and everything. And just the erosion, the wind, and people trampling over them has all worn them down. And that’s [staying off the dunes] what’s gonna keep it that the pond stays the pond [in other words, that’s what will prevent sand from infi ltrating the pond behind the dunes].” Socialization related to a natural-resource protective ethic was also identifi ed as infl uencing stewardship actions. Th e concept of “it’s the way I was brought up” was mentioned by six interviewees, and is summarized by the following quote. #43 (female resident): I think when I was little, my mom and dad had said not to do that, and then I just didn’t have any interest in climbing them and touching them [i.e., the dunes]. Ten interviewees mentioned the benefi t of the dune system for the interviewee and/or his/her family in general. Th ey indicated that the use of the area by their children and grandchildren, or themselves, infl uenced their desire to protect the area. Ten participants also mentioned personal investment of time or fi nancial resources for dune restoration. Nine interviewees specifi cally referred to their involvement in a nongovernmental organization related to natural resource management or protection in general. Proceedings of the 2009 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium GTR-NRS-P-66 #22 (female resident): I’ve been to the meeting for the new water thing that they’re having for the lake levels and all of that; I’ve been to that meeting. I try to get involved in the town of Sandy Creek because that’s the town that this is in…to see what’s going on. I belong to the sportsmen’s club. I haven’t joined the people for the bird sanctuaries, and actually taking care of the dunes but… Now I’m retired and I’m up here full- time so…we’ll see what next year brings. I like to get involved! Fewer than 10 interviewees mentioned three subthemes: regulatory infl uences, benefi ts of the resource for society, and knowledge of the resource base. Regulations and the enforcement of regulations concerning dune use were mentioned by only four interviewees, as were benefi ts of the resource for society in general (e.g., benefi ts for future generations in general were mentioned). Knowledge of the resource base included concepts related to an in-depth understanding of fl ora and fauna on-site or of the process of dune erosion. 3.3.3 Stewardship development over time Interviewees were asked “Did you feel that protecting the dunes from erosion was important during your fi rst visit, or is it something that developed over time?” Two subthemes emerged through analysis. More than half (31) of the interviewees mentioned the fi rst subtheme, “incremental changes in perceptions about stewardship over time.” One male nonresident described the stewardship ethic that developed in him through the interpretive signs’ consistent message: #26 (male visitor): It basically developed over time. Seeing a sign every time and staying off it [i.e., the dunes]. Many interviewees also indicated that their protective ethic had developed as they aged. #43 (female resident): Developed over time. I didn’t really have a sense in that when I was younger. 116
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United States Department of Agricul
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 NORTHEASTER
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OUTDOOR RECREATION—TRAILS Experie
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GIS APPLICATIONS AND RECREATION RES
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diff erent points along the spectru
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Proceedings of the 2009 Northeaster
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amount of bare rock. Camel’s Hump
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Larson, M. 2004. A Passive Approach
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THE ROLE OF IMAGINATION IN EXPERIEN
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Table 1.—Special places surveys L
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For some people, being in their spe
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND RESOURCE PLANNIN
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large geographical area (Fig. 1). T
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Divers seen = 4.4 Figure 2.—Norm
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Table 4.—Most-specialized divers
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Sarah Young Human Dimensions of Mar
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3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Th e FRR
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Table 4.—Divers’ perception of
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YOUTH AND OUTDOOR RECREATION
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A qualitative research design was u
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containers, instead of plastic bags
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WALK, RIDE AND LEARN: STUDENTS’ D
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school. Because of the large sample
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Table 8.—Observation of built str
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“I’M TOO OLD TO GO OUTSIDE!”
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Mean Eco-Affinity Score 5.0 4.5 4.0
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children. In: Klenosky, David B., F
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Cherie LeBlanc Fisher U.S Forest Se
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Table 1.—Comparative statistics f
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did some fi shing himself at each s
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On the other hand, some personal kn
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Illinois Department of Natural Reso
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Consumer behavior researchers have
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50 percent of the households were d
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y respondents indicated that these
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Page 73 and 74: HERITAGE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN RUR
Page 75 and 76: Short cruise season. Th e river fre
Page 77 and 78: Lynda J. Sperazza, Ph.D. Recreation
Page 79 and 80: 2.3 Leisure Participation Values Re
Page 81 and 82: Dychtwald, K. 1999. Age power: How
Page 83 and 84: With all research, the research que
Page 85 and 86: comprehensive. Cross (2005) even ar
Page 87 and 88: Stillwater, OK: Oklahoma State Univ
Page 89 and 90: EXPERIENCE USE HISTORY AND ITS RELA
Page 91 and 92: Table 1.—Comparison of experience
Page 93 and 94: 5.0 DISCUSSION As mentioned previou
Page 95 and 96: HUMAN DIMENSIONS OF WILDLIFE
Page 97 and 98: 2.0 METHODS Data were collected at
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Page 101 and 102: 4.0 DISCUSSION Visitor surveys and
Page 103 and 104: LEISURE AND HEALTH
Page 105 and 106: Second, in a world where clean drin
Page 107 and 108: Table 1.—Importance of different
Page 109 and 110: Countries also need to be careful a
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Page 113 and 114: Table 1.—Informant profi les Info
Page 115 and 116: do something and we might think it
Page 117 and 118: Th ese relational interactions enab
Page 119 and 120: EXPLORING ELEMENTS THAT INFLUENCE S
Page 121: trails, and asking others to stay o
Page 125 and 126: In summary, this study explored the
Page 127 and 128: Jinhee Jun Texas A&M University jju
Page 129 and 130: Table 1.—Sample demographics Indi
Page 131 and 132: Grayson 1995). Th e fi t of this mo
Page 133 and 134: Stets, J.E.; Burke, P.J. 2003. A so
Page 135 and 136: Jiaying Lu Texas A& M University Ji
Page 137 and 138: Table 1.—Demographic and particip
Page 139 and 140: Table 3.—Factor analysis of motiv
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Page 145 and 146: Table 1.—Descriptions of key info
Page 147 and 148: sharing the place with others and a
Page 149 and 150: Manzo, L.C. 2005. For better or wor
Page 151 and 152: NORMATIVE TOLERANCES FOR SCUBA DIVE
Page 153 and 154: neutral point. Bubbles at the top o
Page 155 and 156: Table 1.—Snorkeler evaluations of
Page 157 and 158: Davis, D.; Tisdell, C. 1995. Recrea
Page 159 and 160: William Valliere University of Verm
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Page 163 and 164: Manning, R. 2007. Parks and carryin
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Page 169 and 170: Acceptability 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4
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the rankings of 12 attendance motiv
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Table 3.—Comparison of socio-econ
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Table 6.—Entertainment Seekers’
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PLACE MEANINGS
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Stedman (1999) posited that sense o
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points in a focus group session, Ne
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are not shared by current residents
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Ishwar Dhami Division of Forestry a
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Figure 2.—Model for the calculati
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Table 1.—Viewshed results for all
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land implies that planting vegetati
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Shafer, E.L.; Hamilton, J.F.; Schmi
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a setting’s ability to facilitate
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EUH Place Satisfaction Figure 1.—
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Table 4.—Regression coefficients
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Jőreskog, K.G.; Sőrbom, D. 2004.
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OUTDOOR RECREATION II
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Th e primary objective of the propo
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Question 10. Do you believe that SU
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Rodney B. Warnick Tom Stevens Unive
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Table 1.—Estimated visitation to
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Table 2.—Estimated national park
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For this section of the trend analy
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5.0 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS, AND IM
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RECREATION TRAILS IN MAINE AND NEW
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Table 2.—Average cross-sectional
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Table 5.—The percentage of stream
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Demrow, C.C. 2002. Maine trails man
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Turner, J.M. 2002. From woodcraft t
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Chad P. Dawson, Professor State Uni
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80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Very diss
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Table 4.—The number of campers in
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Fuller, C.; Dawson, C. 1999. A comp
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Table 1.—Modal response rates Ini
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Smee, A.; Brennan, M. 2000. Electro
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Table 1.—Characteristics of parti
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Table 3.—Results of discriminant
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5.0 CITATIONS Babbie, E. 2001. Th e
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Bernardita Silva Graduate Assistant
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Table 1.—Expenditures by 2008 Ame
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6.0 CITATIONS Della Bitta, A.; Lond
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the economic impact of travel, and
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the air show. Th e second most popu
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not displace other local spending.
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6.0 CITATIONS Adams, P.D.; Parmente
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MANAGEMENT AND USE OF PARK, RECREAT
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which suggests that diff erent type
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Table 2.—Between-groups ANOVA to
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forest settings (means = 4.4 and 4.
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LEISURE RESEARCH
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communities together, and a decline
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Table 2.—Life satisfaction scale
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onds within a social group is a mec
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“I JUST WANTED TO GET AWAY”: AN
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Th e importance of “getting away
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Gerlach, J. 1989. Spring Break at P
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www.nrs.fs.fed.us The U.S. Departme
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