Proceedings of the 2009 northeastern recreation research symposium

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eported their health as excellent or good. Seventy percent of the respondents reported living at their current address less than 6 years. Sixty-six percent lived alone or with their spouse. Th e remainder of the respondents lived with friends, parents, or other family members. Ninetyone percent resided in southeast Michigan communities. 3.2 Findings Regression analysis identifi ed one Leisure Resourcefulness variable that was signifi cantly associated with affl uenza: leisure attitude (Table 4). Th e beta weight for leisure attitude is negative—as leisure attitude increases, level of affl uence decreases. Th e level of explained variance is low at 9 percent. Table 5 shows two Leisure Resourcefulness variables that serve as signifi cant predictors of life satisfaction: leisure companions and leisure knowledge. Th e explained variance is 32 percent. 4.0 CONCLUSIONS Th e data show that a favorable leisure attitude was negatively associated with affl uenza as a lifestyle orientation. Th e choice to consume is pervasive in U.S. culture. Advertisements continually encourage us to consume to improve our sense of well-being and our self-image. Product imaging, targeting, promotion, packaging, labeling, and pricing overwhelm individual resolutions not to consume. Shopping is among the top10 recreation activities on a weekly basis in the U.S. (Cheek and Burch 1976). It is a structured social activity consisting of imaging and need creation accompanied by a frenzy of choices, labels, patterns, colors, sizes, self-imaging, and feedback to satisfy preconceived needs. Shopping consumes a signifi cant amount of individual/group resources in planning, preparation, on-site behaviors, decision-making processes, monetary resources, time, physical and mental demands, and refl ection, which results in euphoric highs and lows. Shoppers become “shopped out” only to recover and display their wares and their expertise in decision-making in pursuing the “best deals.” Leisure attitudes can infl uence behavior to adopt a leisure ethic versus an ethic of consumption and affl uence. A leisure ethic is centered on quality of the environment, cultural enhancement, and self-enrichment through involvement in free-time experiences. To reclaim leisure, Schor (1991) states that Table 4.—Results of multiple regression analysis of the affluenza self-diagnostic test and the leisure resourcefulness scale Leisure Resourcefulness Scales Americans must adopt a nonconsumptive mentality— that is, doing with less. In this research, life satisfaction was related to leisure companions and leisure knowledge. Th e social group is the major building block for social organization. Forming Proceedings of the 2009 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium GTR-NRS-P-66 Average scores Beta t Sign. Leisure Attitude 1.86 -.207 -2.17 .031 Leisure Companions 2.25 .125 1.53 .127 Leisure Equipment 2.00 .001 .01 .987 Leisure Time 1.55 -.173 -1.76 .079 Leisure Knowledge 1.89 .163 1.89 .060 Model Summary R = .309 R2 = .095 F(5,186) = 3.92, p
onds within a social group is a mechanism for cohesion and survival in diversifi ed social systems, and such bonds often last a lifetime. Th ere is safety and security in a social group of individuals that share symbols, permeable social boundaries, tastes, a social order, accepted norms, and established patterns of behavior, which ultimately provide a means to achieve life satisfaction (Cheek and Burch 1976). Leisure resourcefulness is knowing how to—and being able to—make a meaningful life for oneself within the realities of one’s own existence. In this research, leisure knowledge was a signifi cant predictor of life satisfaction. Knowledge infl uences many aspects of empowerment in human behavior, including, for example, one’s adaptive environment, social organization, social and cultural milieu, and choices to satisfy physical, mental, and biological needs at a point in time along the life-cycle continuum. Th ese research fi ndings challenge leisure educators to develop basic leisure and recreation courses as elective courses, if not required general education courses for graduation requirements. Leisure service providers are also challenged to emphasize education for leisure as an extension of normal recreation activity and/or interpretive off erings. 7.0 CITATIONS Cheek, N.H.; Burch, W.R. 1976. Th e social organization of leisure in human society. New York: Harper and Row. De Graaf, J.; Wann, D.; Naylor, T.H. 2005. Affl uenza: Th e all-consuming epidemic. San Francisco: Berrett- Koehler Publishers. Havinghurst, R.J.; Neugarten, B.L.; Tobin, S.S. 1961. Th e measurement of life satisfaction. Journal of Gerontology. 16: 134-143. Rapoport, R.; Rapoport, R.N. 1975. Leisure and the family life cycle. Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Ricciardo, J.L. 2005. Th e relationship among leisure resourcefulness and recreation specialization among a sample of senior adults. In: Bricker, K., comp., ed. Proceedings of the 2004 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium. GTR-NE-326. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 397-403. Shor, J. 1991. Th e overworked American: Th e unexpected decline in leisure. New York: Basic Books. The content of this paper refl ects the views of the authors(s), who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the information presented herein. Proceedings of the 2009 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium GTR-NRS-P-66 270
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United States Department of Agricul
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 NORTHEASTER
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OUTDOOR RECREATION—TRAILS Experie
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GIS APPLICATIONS AND RECREATION RES
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diff erent points along the spectru
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Proceedings of the 2009 Northeaster
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amount of bare rock. Camel’s Hump
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Larson, M. 2004. A Passive Approach
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THE ROLE OF IMAGINATION IN EXPERIEN
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Table 1.—Special places surveys L
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For some people, being in their spe
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND RESOURCE PLANNIN
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large geographical area (Fig. 1). T
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Divers seen = 4.4 Figure 2.—Norm
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Table 4.—Most-specialized divers
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Sarah Young Human Dimensions of Mar
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3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Th e FRR
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Table 4.—Divers’ perception of
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YOUTH AND OUTDOOR RECREATION
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A qualitative research design was u
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containers, instead of plastic bags
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WALK, RIDE AND LEARN: STUDENTS’ D
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school. Because of the large sample
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Table 8.—Observation of built str
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“I’M TOO OLD TO GO OUTSIDE!”
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Mean Eco-Affinity Score 5.0 4.5 4.0
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children. In: Klenosky, David B., F
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Cherie LeBlanc Fisher U.S Forest Se
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Table 1.—Comparative statistics f
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did some fi shing himself at each s
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On the other hand, some personal kn
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Illinois Department of Natural Reso
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Consumer behavior researchers have
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50 percent of the households were d
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y respondents indicated that these
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a bivariate approach (instead of th
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HERITAGE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN RUR
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Short cruise season. Th e river fre
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Lynda J. Sperazza, Ph.D. Recreation
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2.3 Leisure Participation Values Re
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Dychtwald, K. 1999. Age power: How
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With all research, the research que
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comprehensive. Cross (2005) even ar
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Stillwater, OK: Oklahoma State Univ
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EXPERIENCE USE HISTORY AND ITS RELA
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Table 1.—Comparison of experience
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5.0 DISCUSSION As mentioned previou
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HUMAN DIMENSIONS OF WILDLIFE
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2.0 METHODS Data were collected at
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0 buses 4 buses 8 buses 12 buses Fi
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4.0 DISCUSSION Visitor surveys and
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LEISURE AND HEALTH
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Second, in a world where clean drin
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Table 1.—Importance of different
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Countries also need to be careful a
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Proceedings of the 2009 Northeaster
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Table 1.—Informant profi les Info
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do something and we might think it
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Th ese relational interactions enab
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EXPLORING ELEMENTS THAT INFLUENCE S
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trails, and asking others to stay o
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time/fi nances” in dune protectio
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In summary, this study explored the
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Jinhee Jun Texas A&M University jju
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Table 1.—Sample demographics Indi
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Grayson 1995). Th e fi t of this mo
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Stets, J.E.; Burke, P.J. 2003. A so
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Jiaying Lu Texas A& M University Ji
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Table 1.—Demographic and particip
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Table 3.—Factor analysis of motiv
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species sought, satisfaction, and r
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social nature within sense of place
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Table 1.—Descriptions of key info
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sharing the place with others and a
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Manzo, L.C. 2005. For better or wor
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NORMATIVE TOLERANCES FOR SCUBA DIVE
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neutral point. Bubbles at the top o
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Table 1.—Snorkeler evaluations of
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Davis, D.; Tisdell, C. 1995. Recrea
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William Valliere University of Verm
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��
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Manning, R. 2007. Parks and carryin
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mission is “...to promote and reg
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Figure 1.—Pedestrian walkway LOS
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Acceptability 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4
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TOURISM TRENDS AND CHALLENGES
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the rankings of 12 attendance motiv
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Table 3.—Comparison of socio-econ
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Table 6.—Entertainment Seekers’
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PLACE MEANINGS
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Stedman (1999) posited that sense o
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points in a focus group session, Ne
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are not shared by current residents
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Ishwar Dhami Division of Forestry a
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Figure 2.—Model for the calculati
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Table 1.—Viewshed results for all
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land implies that planting vegetati
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Shafer, E.L.; Hamilton, J.F.; Schmi
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a setting’s ability to facilitate
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EUH Place Satisfaction Figure 1.—
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Table 4.—Regression coefficients
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Jőreskog, K.G.; Sőrbom, D. 2004.
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OUTDOOR RECREATION II
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Th e primary objective of the propo
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Question 10. Do you believe that SU
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Rodney B. Warnick Tom Stevens Unive
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Table 1.—Estimated visitation to
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Table 2.—Estimated national park
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For this section of the trend analy
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5.0 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS, AND IM
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RECREATION TRAILS IN MAINE AND NEW
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Table 2.—Average cross-sectional
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