Proceedings of the 2009 northeastern recreation research symposium

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Table 1.—Affluenza self-diagnostic test *Scale Items 1 Do you get bored unless you have something to consume (goods, food, media)? 2 Do you try to impress your friends with what you own, or where you vacation? 3 Do you ever use shopping as “therapy”? 4 Do you sometimes go to the mall just to look around, with nothing specifi c to buy? 5 Do you buy home improvement products in a large chain store rather than the neighborhood hardware store? 6 Have you ever gone on a vacation primarily to shop? 7 In general, do you think about things more than you think about people? 8 When you pay utility bills, do you ignore the amount of resource consumed? 9 Given the choice between a slight pay raise and a shorter work week, would you choose the money? 10 Do you personally fi ll more than one large trash bag in a single week? 11 Have you ever lied to a family member about the amount you spent for a product? 12 Do you frequently argue with family members about money? 13 Do you volunteer your time less than 5 hours a week to help other people? 14 Do you routinely compare the appearance of your lawn and/or home with others in your neighborhood? 15 Do you routinely gamble or buy lottery tickets? 16 Do you check your investments at least once a day? 17 Are any of your credit cards “maxed out”? 18 Do worries about debt cause you physical symptoms like headaches or indigestion? 19 Do you spend more time shopping every week than you do with your family? 20 Do you frequently think abut changing jobs? 21 Have you had cosmetic surgery to improve your appearance? 22 Do your conversations often gravitate toward things you want to buy? 23 Are you sometimes ashamed about how much money you spend on fast food? 24 Do you sometimes weave back and forth in traffi c to get somewhere faster? 25 Have you ever experienced road rage? 26 Do you feel like you’re always in a hurry? 27 Do you often throw away recyclable materials rather than take the time to recycle them? 28 Do you spend less than an hour a day outside? 29 Can you identify more than three wildfl owers that are native to your area? 30 Do you replace sports equipment before it’s worn out to have the latest styles? 31 Does each member of your family have his or her own TV? 32 Is the price of a product more important to you than how well it was made? 33 Has one of your credit cards ever been rejected by a salesperson because you were over the limit? 34 Do you receive more than fi ve mail-order catalogs a week? 35 Are you one of those consumers who almost never take a reusable bag to the grocery store? 36 Do you ignore the miles per gallon of gasoline your car gets? 37 Did you choose the most recent car you bought partly because it enhanced your self-image? 38 Do you have more than fi ve active credit cards? 39 When you get a raise at work, do you immediately think about how you can spend it? 40 Do you drink more soft drink, by volume, than tap water? 41 Did you work more this year than last year? 42 Do you have doubts that you’ll be able to reach your fi nancial goals? 43 Do you feel ”used-up” at the end of your workday? 44 Do you usually make just the minimum payment on credit card bills? 45 When you shop, do you often feel a rush of euphoria followed by anxiety? 46 Do you sometimes feel like your personal expenses are so demanding that you can’t afford public expenses like schools, parks, and transit? 47 Do you have more stuff than you can store in your house? 48 Do you watch TV more than 2 hours a day? 49 Do you eat meat nearly every day? Each item was measured on a 4-point scale: 1=Always, 2=Sometimes, 3= Seldom, 4=Never. Item #15 in the original scale was omitted in this research due to a clerical error: “Does each person in your house or apartment occupy more than 500 square feet of personal space?” Item #21 was changed from “Have you had cosmetic surgery to improve your appearance?” to “Do you think about cosmetic surgery to improve your appearance?” to accommodate the change in scale responses from a 2- to a 4- point scale. *Scale used with permission of Berrett-Koehler Publishers, San Francisco. Proceedings of the 2009 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium GTR-NRS-P-66 267
Table 2.—Life satisfaction scale items and reliability score 1 As I grow older, things seem better than I thought. 2 I have gotten more of the breaks in life than most. 3 I am just as happy as when I was younger. 4 These are the best years of my life. 5 *Most of the things I do are boring. 6 I expect some pleasant things to happen to me. 7 The things I do are as interesting to me as they ever were. 8 *I feel old and somewhat tired. 9 As I look back on life, I am fairly well satisfi ed. 10 I have made plans for things I’ll be doing a month from now. 11 *When I think back over my life, I didn’t get most of the important things I wanted. 12 *Compared to other people, I get down in the dumps too often. Cronbach’s alpha=.803 Adapted from Havinghurst et al. 1961. Scale items were measured on a fi ve point scale: 1 = Strongly Agree, 2 = Agree, 3 = Neither Agree nor Disagree, 4 = Disagree, 5 = Strongly Disagree. *Items were reverse coded for internal consistency. Table 3.—Leisure resourcefulness scales and scale items Leisure Attitude Leisure is a necessary part of my life. I know why leisure is important to me. Leisure Companions I have friends to do most anything I want to do in leisure. My friends know a lot of leisure activities. Leisure Equipment I know how to use my leisure equipment. I know where to purchase equipment I need. Leisure Knowledge I have taught this activity to others. I know leisure opportunities when I see them. I know places to go for leisure. Leisure Time Leisure time is for enjoyment. Leisure time is doing things I like to do. I value my free time. Scale items are measured from 1 = Strongly Agree to 5 = Strongly Disagree. leisure attitude, leisure companions, leisure equipment, leisure knowledge, and leisure time. Th e original 10 items in each scale were reduced to a two- or three-item scale by factor analysis (Ricciardo 2004). RESULTS 3.1 Description of the Sample Population Forty-fi ve percent of the respondents were male. Eightythree percent were Caucasian and 7 percent were African American. Respondents’ ages ranged from 17 to 62 with an average age of 34.5. Forty-four percent were married and 47 percent were single. Th irty-eight percent had graduated from high school or a technical school, or had completed some college. Fifty-nine percent had graduated from college, attended graduate school, or had an advanced degree. Th e annual household income of 68 percent of the sample was less than $50,000, 18 percent earned between $50,000 and $90,000, and 13 percent had gross incomes above $90,000. Th e occupations of 33 percent of the sample were professional/technical, 21 percent were managers/offi cials/proprietors, 11 percent were in sales/clerical work, and the remainder (35 percent) were craftspeople, machinery operators, students, laborers, or service workers. Ninety-two percent Proceedings of the 2009 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium GTR-NRS-P-66 268
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United States Department of Agricul
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 NORTHEASTER
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OUTDOOR RECREATION—TRAILS Experie
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GIS APPLICATIONS AND RECREATION RES
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diff erent points along the spectru
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Proceedings of the 2009 Northeaster
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amount of bare rock. Camel’s Hump
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Larson, M. 2004. A Passive Approach
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THE ROLE OF IMAGINATION IN EXPERIEN
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Table 1.—Special places surveys L
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For some people, being in their spe
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND RESOURCE PLANNIN
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large geographical area (Fig. 1). T
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Divers seen = 4.4 Figure 2.—Norm
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Table 4.—Most-specialized divers
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Sarah Young Human Dimensions of Mar
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3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Th e FRR
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Table 4.—Divers’ perception of
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YOUTH AND OUTDOOR RECREATION
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A qualitative research design was u
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containers, instead of plastic bags
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WALK, RIDE AND LEARN: STUDENTS’ D
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school. Because of the large sample
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Table 8.—Observation of built str
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“I’M TOO OLD TO GO OUTSIDE!”
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Mean Eco-Affinity Score 5.0 4.5 4.0
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children. In: Klenosky, David B., F
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Cherie LeBlanc Fisher U.S Forest Se
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Table 1.—Comparative statistics f
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did some fi shing himself at each s
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On the other hand, some personal kn
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Illinois Department of Natural Reso
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Consumer behavior researchers have
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50 percent of the households were d
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y respondents indicated that these
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a bivariate approach (instead of th
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HERITAGE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN RUR
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Short cruise season. Th e river fre
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Lynda J. Sperazza, Ph.D. Recreation
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2.3 Leisure Participation Values Re
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Dychtwald, K. 1999. Age power: How
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With all research, the research que
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comprehensive. Cross (2005) even ar
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Stillwater, OK: Oklahoma State Univ
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EXPERIENCE USE HISTORY AND ITS RELA
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Table 1.—Comparison of experience
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5.0 DISCUSSION As mentioned previou
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HUMAN DIMENSIONS OF WILDLIFE
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2.0 METHODS Data were collected at
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0 buses 4 buses 8 buses 12 buses Fi
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4.0 DISCUSSION Visitor surveys and
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LEISURE AND HEALTH
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Second, in a world where clean drin
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Table 1.—Importance of different
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Countries also need to be careful a
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Proceedings of the 2009 Northeaster
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Table 1.—Informant profi les Info
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do something and we might think it
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Th ese relational interactions enab
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EXPLORING ELEMENTS THAT INFLUENCE S
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trails, and asking others to stay o
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time/fi nances” in dune protectio
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In summary, this study explored the
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Jinhee Jun Texas A&M University jju
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Table 1.—Sample demographics Indi
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Grayson 1995). Th e fi t of this mo
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Stets, J.E.; Burke, P.J. 2003. A so
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Jiaying Lu Texas A& M University Ji
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Table 1.—Demographic and particip
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Table 3.—Factor analysis of motiv
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species sought, satisfaction, and r
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social nature within sense of place
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Table 1.—Descriptions of key info
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sharing the place with others and a
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Manzo, L.C. 2005. For better or wor
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NORMATIVE TOLERANCES FOR SCUBA DIVE
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neutral point. Bubbles at the top o
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Table 1.—Snorkeler evaluations of
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Davis, D.; Tisdell, C. 1995. Recrea
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William Valliere University of Verm
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��
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Manning, R. 2007. Parks and carryin
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mission is “...to promote and reg
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Figure 1.—Pedestrian walkway LOS
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Acceptability 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4
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TOURISM TRENDS AND CHALLENGES
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the rankings of 12 attendance motiv
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Table 3.—Comparison of socio-econ
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Table 6.—Entertainment Seekers’
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PLACE MEANINGS
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Stedman (1999) posited that sense o
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points in a focus group session, Ne
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are not shared by current residents
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Ishwar Dhami Division of Forestry a
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Figure 2.—Model for the calculati
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Table 1.—Viewshed results for all
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land implies that planting vegetati
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Shafer, E.L.; Hamilton, J.F.; Schmi
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a setting’s ability to facilitate
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EUH Place Satisfaction Figure 1.—
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Table 4.—Regression coefficients
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Jőreskog, K.G.; Sőrbom, D. 2004.
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OUTDOOR RECREATION II
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Th e primary objective of the propo
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Question 10. Do you believe that SU
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Rodney B. Warnick Tom Stevens Unive
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Table 1.—Estimated visitation to
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Table 2.—Estimated national park
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For this section of the trend analy
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5.0 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS, AND IM
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RECREATION TRAILS IN MAINE AND NEW
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Page 225 and 226: Table 5.—The percentage of stream
Page 227 and 228: Demrow, C.C. 2002. Maine trails man
Page 229 and 230: Turner, J.M. 2002. From woodcraft t
Page 231 and 232: Chad P. Dawson, Professor State Uni
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Page 235 and 236: Table 4.—The number of campers in
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Page 239 and 240: Table 1.—Modal response rates Ini
Page 241 and 242: Smee, A.; Brennan, M. 2000. Electro
Page 243 and 244: Table 1.—Characteristics of parti
Page 245 and 246: Table 3.—Results of discriminant
Page 247 and 248: 5.0 CITATIONS Babbie, E. 2001. Th e
Page 249 and 250: Bernardita Silva Graduate Assistant
Page 251 and 252: Table 1.—Expenditures by 2008 Ame
Page 253 and 254: 6.0 CITATIONS Della Bitta, A.; Lond
Page 255 and 256: the economic impact of travel, and
Page 257 and 258: the air show. Th e second most popu
Page 259 and 260: not displace other local spending.
Page 261 and 262: 6.0 CITATIONS Adams, P.D.; Parmente
Page 263 and 264: MANAGEMENT AND USE OF PARK, RECREAT
Page 265 and 266: which suggests that diff erent type
Page 267 and 268: Table 2.—Between-groups ANOVA to
Page 269 and 270: forest settings (means = 4.4 and 4.
Page 271 and 272: LEISURE RESEARCH
Page 273: communities together, and a decline
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Page 279 and 280: “I JUST WANTED TO GET AWAY”: AN
Page 281 and 282: Th e importance of “getting away
Page 283 and 284: Gerlach, J. 1989. Spring Break at P
Page 285: www.nrs.fs.fed.us The U.S. Departme
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