Proceedings of the 2009 northeastern recreation research symposium

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Table 2.—Estimated economic impact of American Folk Festival visitors’ expenditures in Bangor Region a All Visitors (N = 95,626) Direct Indirect Induced Total Multiplier Output $6,511,570 $1,408,227 $1,934,104 $9,853,901 1.51 Employment 88 14 20 122 1.39 Income $1,745,361 $ 433,943 $627,257 $2,806,561 1.61 Exclusive Festival Visitors (N=21,108) Direct Indirect Induced Total Multiplier Output $2,217,977 $482,017 $639,899 $3,339,893 1.51 Employment 29 5 7 41 1.40 Income $573,464 $147,560 $207,529 $928,553 1.62 a Calculated using IMPLAN. 5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Th e 2008 American Folk Festival in Bangor, ME, attracted approximately 95,000 visitors, about 22 percent of whom came to Bangor exclusively to attend the festival. Th eir expenditures in the area and at the festival had a large impact on the local economy. To demonstrate the festival’s economic impact, expenditures by exclusive festival visitors (those who visited the area specifi cally to attend the festival) were separated from all visitors’ expenditures. Using the IMPLAN input-output model, total output for all visitors was estimated at nearly $10 million and total output for exclusive festival visitors was estimated at $3.3 million. Survey data showed that local visitors also increased their normal expenditures because of the festival, especially money spent directly at the event; this amount represents almost 40 percent of total expenditures. For this reason, the fi nal impact is likely to account for more of the $10 million total output than the $3.3 million reported by exclusive visitors. By attracting large numbers of visitors, festivals can bring attention to and help to preserve local arts, culture, and traditions. Festival impacts also include socio-economic benefi ts at the local, regional, and state level. Festivals can increase demand at tourist attractions and present opportunities for promoting other state and regional attractions to residents and visitors. Using the American Folk Festival to promote other man-made and naturebased attractions in the Bangor area may encourage visitors to extend the length of their trips to the area and help increase the economic impact of this festival. Specifi c outreach eff orts could include links to other nearby attractions’ Websites on the festival Website and having a “Visitor Information Center” booth at the festival. At the same time, this study found that visitors’ highest average expenditures were for lodging and restaurants and that they did not spend signifi cant amounts of money outside the festival on recreation or shopping. Th is fi nding suggests the availability of opportunities to encourage spending in these areas to increase the festival’s economic contributions to the region. For example, local business-owners could provide more information to festival-goers to promote local services, stores, and restaurants. To increase the festival’s economic impacts, organizers could also encourage return visits by fi rst-time visitors and increase new visits by promoting the festival to out-of-state, car-based tourists. Collaborations with organizers of other music-focused festivals in neighboring states and Canada for free promotional exchanges could provide access to like-minded festival goers without spending scarce advertising dollars. A partnership with another festival in the same geographic area, scheduled either directly before or after the Folk Festival, has the potential to draw week-long vacationers shared by both areas. Proceedings of the 2009 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium GTR-NRS-P-66 245
6.0 CITATIONS Della Bitta, A.; London, D. 1982. Assessing the economic impact of short duration tourist events. New England Journal of Business and Economics. 1: 37-45. Fletcher, J.E. 1989. Input-output analysis and tourism impact studies. Annals of Tourism Research. 16: 514- 529. Getz, D.; Frisby, W. 1988. Evaluating management eff ectiveness in community-run festivals. Journal of Travel Research. 27: 22-27. Gursoy, D.; Kim, K.; Uysal, M. 2004. Perceived impacts of festivals and special events by organizers: An extension and validation. Tourism Management. 25: 171-181. Howell, R.; Bemisderfer, T. 1981. South Carolina tourist development handbook: A primer for local communities. Clemson, SC: Clemson University, Department of Recreation and Park Administration. Jackson, J.; Houghton, M.; Russell, R.; Triandos, P. 2005. Innovations in measuring economic impacts of regional festivals: A do-it-yourself kit. Journal of Travel Research. 43: 360-367. Johnson, R. 1999. Estimating the economic impact of a tourism accommodation development on my local government area, region, state or territory. In: Corcoran, K., ed. Valuing tourism: Methods and techniques. Occasional Paper No.28. Canberra: Bureau of Tourism Research. Long, P.T.; Perdue, R.R. 1990. Th e economic impact of rural festivals and special events: Assessing the spatial distribution of expenditures. Journal of Travel Research. 28(2): 10-14. MacDonnell, I.; Allen, J.; O’Toole, W. 1999. Festival and special event management. Melbourne, Australia: John and Sons Australia, Ltd. Saayman, M.; Saayman, A. 2006. Does the location of arts festivals matter for the economic impact? Papers in Regional Science. 85: 569-584. Wilson, J.T.; Udall, L. 1982. Folk festivals: a handbook for organization and management. Knoxville: Th e University of Tennessee Press. The content of this paper refl ects the views of the authors(s), who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the information presented herein. Proceedings of the 2009 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium GTR-NRS-P-66 246
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United States Department of Agricul
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 NORTHEASTER
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OUTDOOR RECREATION—TRAILS Experie
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GIS APPLICATIONS AND RECREATION RES
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diff erent points along the spectru
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Proceedings of the 2009 Northeaster
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amount of bare rock. Camel’s Hump
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Larson, M. 2004. A Passive Approach
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THE ROLE OF IMAGINATION IN EXPERIEN
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Table 1.—Special places surveys L
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For some people, being in their spe
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND RESOURCE PLANNIN
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large geographical area (Fig. 1). T
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Divers seen = 4.4 Figure 2.—Norm
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Table 4.—Most-specialized divers
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Sarah Young Human Dimensions of Mar
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3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Th e FRR
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Table 4.—Divers’ perception of
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YOUTH AND OUTDOOR RECREATION
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A qualitative research design was u
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containers, instead of plastic bags
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WALK, RIDE AND LEARN: STUDENTS’ D
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school. Because of the large sample
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Table 8.—Observation of built str
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“I’M TOO OLD TO GO OUTSIDE!”
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Mean Eco-Affinity Score 5.0 4.5 4.0
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children. In: Klenosky, David B., F
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Cherie LeBlanc Fisher U.S Forest Se
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Table 1.—Comparative statistics f
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did some fi shing himself at each s
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On the other hand, some personal kn
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Illinois Department of Natural Reso
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Consumer behavior researchers have
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50 percent of the households were d
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y respondents indicated that these
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a bivariate approach (instead of th
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HERITAGE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN RUR
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Short cruise season. Th e river fre
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Lynda J. Sperazza, Ph.D. Recreation
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2.3 Leisure Participation Values Re
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Dychtwald, K. 1999. Age power: How
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With all research, the research que
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comprehensive. Cross (2005) even ar
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Stillwater, OK: Oklahoma State Univ
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EXPERIENCE USE HISTORY AND ITS RELA
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Table 1.—Comparison of experience
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5.0 DISCUSSION As mentioned previou
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HUMAN DIMENSIONS OF WILDLIFE
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2.0 METHODS Data were collected at
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0 buses 4 buses 8 buses 12 buses Fi
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4.0 DISCUSSION Visitor surveys and
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LEISURE AND HEALTH
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Second, in a world where clean drin
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Table 1.—Importance of different
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Countries also need to be careful a
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Proceedings of the 2009 Northeaster
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Table 1.—Informant profi les Info
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do something and we might think it
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Th ese relational interactions enab
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EXPLORING ELEMENTS THAT INFLUENCE S
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trails, and asking others to stay o
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time/fi nances” in dune protectio
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In summary, this study explored the
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Jinhee Jun Texas A&M University jju
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Table 1.—Sample demographics Indi
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Grayson 1995). Th e fi t of this mo
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Stets, J.E.; Burke, P.J. 2003. A so
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Jiaying Lu Texas A& M University Ji
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Table 1.—Demographic and particip
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Table 3.—Factor analysis of motiv
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species sought, satisfaction, and r
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social nature within sense of place
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Table 1.—Descriptions of key info
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sharing the place with others and a
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Manzo, L.C. 2005. For better or wor
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NORMATIVE TOLERANCES FOR SCUBA DIVE
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neutral point. Bubbles at the top o
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Table 1.—Snorkeler evaluations of
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Davis, D.; Tisdell, C. 1995. Recrea
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William Valliere University of Verm
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��
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Manning, R. 2007. Parks and carryin
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mission is “...to promote and reg
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Figure 1.—Pedestrian walkway LOS
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Acceptability 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4
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TOURISM TRENDS AND CHALLENGES
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the rankings of 12 attendance motiv
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Table 3.—Comparison of socio-econ
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Table 6.—Entertainment Seekers’
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PLACE MEANINGS
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Stedman (1999) posited that sense o
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points in a focus group session, Ne
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are not shared by current residents
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Ishwar Dhami Division of Forestry a
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Figure 2.—Model for the calculati
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Table 1.—Viewshed results for all
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land implies that planting vegetati
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Shafer, E.L.; Hamilton, J.F.; Schmi
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a setting’s ability to facilitate
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EUH Place Satisfaction Figure 1.—
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