Proceedings of the 2009 northeastern recreation research symposium

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Figure 1.—Trends in motivation clusters 1990-2006. increases of Hispanic and other minority populations in Texas could be contributing to increased saltwater participation. Study results on experience preferences indicated that relaxation, being outdoors, experiencing the fun of catching fi sh, and escaping the day-to-day routine remained important reasons for fi shing. Similar motivation items were also as important in other angler studies (Schramm and Gerard 2004). Consistency in the ranking of the majority of the motivation items over time is reasonable because motives are often viewed as relatively stable characteristics of personality (Atkinson 1964). On the other hand, there were changes in the importance of a few motivations. For example, getting away from the demands of other people and being with friends declined substantially in importance. Being with friends may decline as a primary reason for recreational fi shing as older anglers leave the fi shing population (Schramm and Gerard 2004). Results from the factor and cluster analyses suggested that anglers were increasingly concerned with the natural environment and social factors and were less motivated by escape, challenge, and skill development motives. We may off er at least two explanations for this trend. First, anglers from densely populated urban areas tend to rate escape of lower importance since they are aware that opportunities for fi shing in solitude are limited (Fedler and Ditton 1994). Increases in the population of Hispanic anglers (who tend to prefer family-oriented recreation activities) will positively aff ect the number of anglers primarily interested in group-based recreation. 6.0 CONCLUSION Th e purpose of this study was to monitor changes in recreational fi shing experience preferences. Th is paper has several implications for future research and management. First, this study demonstrates the potential for using secondary data to document baseline participation and to identify change over time. Th is study also demonstrates the value of examining data from regional populations. Many recreational trend studies still rely on national surveys, while attention should be paid to regional populations and to related social and environmental changes – factors which can impact fi shing mode and motives. Managers using generalized results from national surveys may encounter local resistance to proposed statewide regulations. Other data sources are needed to identify regional and national diff erences. Finally, as anglers increasingly report motivations related to social and environmental factors, researchers and managers need to look beyond motives to understand their behaviors. Other forms of longitudinal study, such as panel surveys (i.e., researching the same anglers over time) could be used to understand micro-level changes. Th is study supports the need for more research on the relationships between motivational changes and behavioral responses over time, and provides support for including other variables (such as setting preference, Proceedings of the 2009 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium GTR-NRS-P-66 133
species sought, satisfaction, and response to management) in the analysis. Recreation researchers or managers need to re-evaluate their use of secondary datasets and explore how these datasets can be analyzed to provide useful longitudinal information. Longitudinal data can be most useful when researchers account for diff erences on questionnaires with respect to wording, contexts, sampling, or analysis techniques that might diff er from one survey to the next. 7.0 CITATIONS Atkinson, J.W. 1964. An introduction to motivation. New York: van Nostrand. Bissell, S.J.; Duda, M.D.; Young, K.C. 1998. Recent studies on hunting and fi shing participation in the United States. Human Dimension of Wildlife. 3(1): 75-80. Ditton, R.B.; Bohnsack, B.L.; Hunt, K.M. 1998. Understanding future issues in saltwater fi sheries management in Texas. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Human Dimensions of Fisheries Research Laboratory. Online at http://lutra.tamu.edu/ hdlab/Projects/docs/P54.pdf. Fedler, A.J.; Ditton, R.B. 1994. Understanding angler motivations in fi sheries management. Fisheries. 19(4): 6-13. Hunt, K.M.; Ditton, R.B. 2001. Perceived benefi ts of recreational fi shing to Hispanic-American and Anglo anglers. Human Dimensions of Wildlife. 6: 153-172. Kuentzel, W.F.; Heberlein, T.A. 2003. More visitors, less crowding: change and stability of norms over time at the Apostle Islands. Journal of Leisure Research. 35(4): 349-371. Legare, A.; Haider, W. 2008. Trend analysis of motivation-based clusters at the Chilkoot Trail NHS of Canada. Leisure Sciences. 30: 158-176. McDonald, J.H. 2008. Handbook of Biological Statistics. Sparky House Publishing, Baltimore, Maryland. Schramm, H.L.; Gerard, P.D. 2004. Temporal changes in fi shing club motivation among fi shing club anglers in the United States. Fisheries Management and Ecology. 11: 313-321. Schuett, M.A.; Scott, D.; O’Leary, J. 2009. Social and demographic trends aff ecting fi sh and wildlife management. In: Manfredo, M.J.; Vaske, J.J.; Brown, P.J.; Decker, D.J.; Duke, E., eds. Wildlife and society: Th e science of human dimensions. Washington, DC: Island Press: 18-30. Snepenger, D.J.; Ditton, R.B. 1985. A longitudinal analysis of nationwide hunting and fi shing indicators: 1955-1980. Leisure Sciences. 7(3): 297- 319. United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 2007. 2006 National survey of fi shing, hunting and wildlifeassociated recreation: National overview. Retrieved August 2, 2007, from http://library.fws.gov/nat_ survey2006.pdf. The content of this paper refl ects the views of the authors(s), who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the information presented herein. Proceedings of the 2009 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium GTR-NRS-P-66 134
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United States Department of Agricul
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 NORTHEASTER
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OUTDOOR RECREATION—TRAILS Experie
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GIS APPLICATIONS AND RECREATION RES
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diff erent points along the spectru
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Proceedings of the 2009 Northeaster
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amount of bare rock. Camel’s Hump
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Larson, M. 2004. A Passive Approach
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THE ROLE OF IMAGINATION IN EXPERIEN
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Table 1.—Special places surveys L
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For some people, being in their spe
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND RESOURCE PLANNIN
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large geographical area (Fig. 1). T
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Divers seen = 4.4 Figure 2.—Norm
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Table 4.—Most-specialized divers
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Sarah Young Human Dimensions of Mar
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3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Th e FRR
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Table 4.—Divers’ perception of
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YOUTH AND OUTDOOR RECREATION
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A qualitative research design was u
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containers, instead of plastic bags
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WALK, RIDE AND LEARN: STUDENTS’ D
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school. Because of the large sample
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Table 8.—Observation of built str
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“I’M TOO OLD TO GO OUTSIDE!”
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Mean Eco-Affinity Score 5.0 4.5 4.0
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children. In: Klenosky, David B., F
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Cherie LeBlanc Fisher U.S Forest Se
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Table 1.—Comparative statistics f
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did some fi shing himself at each s
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On the other hand, some personal kn
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Illinois Department of Natural Reso
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Consumer behavior researchers have
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50 percent of the households were d
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y respondents indicated that these
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a bivariate approach (instead of th
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HERITAGE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN RUR
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Short cruise season. Th e river fre
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Lynda J. Sperazza, Ph.D. Recreation
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2.3 Leisure Participation Values Re
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Dychtwald, K. 1999. Age power: How
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With all research, the research que
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comprehensive. Cross (2005) even ar
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Stillwater, OK: Oklahoma State Univ
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Page 97 and 98: 2.0 METHODS Data were collected at
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Page 113 and 114: Table 1.—Informant profi les Info
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Page 117 and 118: Th ese relational interactions enab
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Page 121 and 122: trails, and asking others to stay o
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Page 125 and 126: In summary, this study explored the
Page 127 and 128: Jinhee Jun Texas A&M University jju
Page 129 and 130: Table 1.—Sample demographics Indi
Page 131 and 132: Grayson 1995). Th e fi t of this mo
Page 133 and 134: Stets, J.E.; Burke, P.J. 2003. A so
Page 135 and 136: Jiaying Lu Texas A& M University Ji
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Table 1.—Viewshed results for all
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land implies that planting vegetati
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Shafer, E.L.; Hamilton, J.F.; Schmi
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a setting’s ability to facilitate
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EUH Place Satisfaction Figure 1.—
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Table 4.—Regression coefficients
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Jőreskog, K.G.; Sőrbom, D. 2004.
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OUTDOOR RECREATION II
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Th e primary objective of the propo
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Question 10. Do you believe that SU
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Rodney B. Warnick Tom Stevens Unive
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Table 1.—Estimated visitation to
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Table 2.—Estimated national park
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For this section of the trend analy
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5.0 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS, AND IM
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RECREATION TRAILS IN MAINE AND NEW
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Table 2.—Average cross-sectional
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Table 5.—The percentage of stream
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Demrow, C.C. 2002. Maine trails man
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Turner, J.M. 2002. From woodcraft t
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Chad P. Dawson, Professor State Uni
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80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Very diss
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Table 4.—The number of campers in
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Fuller, C.; Dawson, C. 1999. A comp
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Table 1.—Modal response rates Ini
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Smee, A.; Brennan, M. 2000. Electro
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Table 1.—Characteristics of parti
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Table 3.—Results of discriminant
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5.0 CITATIONS Babbie, E. 2001. Th e
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Bernardita Silva Graduate Assistant
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Table 1.—Expenditures by 2008 Ame
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6.0 CITATIONS Della Bitta, A.; Lond
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the economic impact of travel, and
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the air show. Th e second most popu
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not displace other local spending.
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6.0 CITATIONS Adams, P.D.; Parmente
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MANAGEMENT AND USE OF PARK, RECREAT
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which suggests that diff erent type
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Table 2.—Between-groups ANOVA to
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forest settings (means = 4.4 and 4.
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LEISURE RESEARCH
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communities together, and a decline
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Table 2.—Life satisfaction scale
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onds within a social group is a mec
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“I JUST WANTED TO GET AWAY”: AN
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Th e importance of “getting away
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Gerlach, J. 1989. Spring Break at P
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www.nrs.fs.fed.us The U.S. Departme
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