Proceedings of the 2009 northeastern recreation research symposium

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Table 1.—Importance of wildlife-viewing activities to Lake Umbagog visitors Activity Not at all Important (%) Somewhat Important (%) frequently mentioned items. Seeing more or less wildlife than expected were the reasons most often listed by respondents who felt that their trip was better or worse than expected. When asked about stopping to observe wildlife, visitors responded that stopping and taking adequate time to enjoy wildlife (44 percent) was the most important aspect in the quality of their experience, followed by the bus driver’s providing information and assistance with wildlife viewing (17 percent). Based on the indicators identifi ed in the qualitative interviews, standards were measured for three dimensions Importance Moderately Important (%) Extremely Important (%) Viewing loons, ducks, eagles, ospreys, and other birds on or near the water 0.6 6.9 26.9 65.7 3.6 Viewing moose 6.3 13.9 29.1 50.6 3.2 Wildlife photography opportunities 4.7 10.4 29.2 55.7 3.4 of wildlife viewing: (a) the number of buses seen along the road at wildlife stops, (b) the waiting time to see wildlife (as buses queued at wildlife stops), and (c) the percent chance of seeing a grizzly bear. To measure standards for the number of buses seen along the road at wildlife stops, respondents were presented with a series of eight photographs in which the number of buses varied from 0 to 12 (Fig. 1). Respondents were asked to rate the acceptability of each photograph on a 9-point scale ranging from -4 = “very unacceptable” to +4 = “very acceptable.” Visitors were then asked to Proceedings of the 2009 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium GTR-NRS-P-66 Mean Table 2.—Importance of activities in determining the quality of Lake Umbagog visitor experience Activity Not at all Important (%) Somewhat Important (%) Importance Moderately Important (%) Extremely Important (%) Mean Seeing wildlife 4.0 7.6 21.2 67.2 3.52 Visitors disturbing loons, eagles, and other wildlife 7.6 7.6 14.6 70.2 3.47 The noise of boats 8.7 13.8 20.9 56.6 3.26 The speed of boats 9.6 12.7 23.9 53.8 3.22 The number of motor boats on the lake/rivers 10.2 17.3 26.0 46.4 3.09 The number of boats on the lake/rivers 11.2 19.9 39.3 29.6 2.87 Parking at access sites 14.9 26.3 34.5 24.2 2.68 The number of visitors to the refuge 10.2 26.4 36.5 26.9 2.80 Large groups of visitors/boats 13.6 25.8 32.8 27.8 2.75 Catching fi sh 31.5 21.8 20.8 25.9 2.41 Congestion at popular fi shing spots 32.0 26.8 18.6 22.7 2.32 The number of canoes/kayaks on the lake/rivers 41.1 31.8 17.7 9.1 1.94 91
0 buses 4 buses 8 buses 12 buses Figure 1.—Sample of study photographs showing different use levels at wildlife stops along the Denali Park Road. choose the photograph that showed the use level they (a) would prefer to see, (b) would fi nd so unacceptable that they would no longer visit, (c) thought was the highest level of use that the National Park Service (NPS) should allow, and (d) thought looked most like the level of use they experienced during their visit. Acceptability ratings decreased as the number of buses at wildlife stops increased, as shown in the social norm curve in Figure 2. Van der Eijk’s measure of agreement (Krymkowski et al., in press) ranged from 0.19 for four buses to 0.86 for 12 buses, indicating moderate to high levels of crystallization (i.e., amount of variance around each measure). Th e social norm curve crossed the neutral point of the acceptability scale (i.e., fell out of the acceptable range and into the unacceptable range) at 4.7 buses at one time. Visitors preferred to see an average of 1.6 buses, felt the NPS should take management action (i.e., limit use of the road) at 5.5 buses, would be displaced at 7.9 buses, and typically saw an average of 2.8 buses. To determine the normative standard for the waiting time to see wildlife, respondents were asked to rate the acceptability of waiting times from 0 to 15 minutes. Acceptability levels decreased as the waiting time increased, as shown in the social norm curve in Figure 3. Van der Eijk’s measure of agreement ranged from 0.07 for waiting times of 5 minutes to 0.90 for no waiting time, indicating moderate to high levels of agreement. Th e social norm curve crossed the neutral point of the acceptability scale at 4.63 minutes. Similarly, to measure the standard for chance of seeing a grizzly bear, respondents were asked to rate the acceptability of fi ve chances, ranging from a 100-percent chance to a 0-percent chance. Acceptability levels decreased as the chance decreased, as shown in the social norm curve in Figure 4. Van der Eijk’s measure of agreement ranged from 0.09 for a 25-percent chance of seeing a grizzly bear to 0.67 for a 100-percent chance of seeing a grizzly bear, indicating moderate to high levels of agreement. Th e social norm curve crossed the neutral point of the acceptability scale at just under a 25-percent chance of seeing a grizzly bear. A high percentage of visitors (83 percent) indicated that they saw a grizzly bear during their trip along the Denali Park Road. Proceedings of the 2009 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium GTR-NRS-P-66 92
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United States Department of Agricul
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 NORTHEASTER
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OUTDOOR RECREATION—TRAILS Experie
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GIS APPLICATIONS AND RECREATION RES
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diff erent points along the spectru
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Proceedings of the 2009 Northeaster
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amount of bare rock. Camel’s Hump
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Larson, M. 2004. A Passive Approach
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THE ROLE OF IMAGINATION IN EXPERIEN
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Table 1.—Special places surveys L
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For some people, being in their spe
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND RESOURCE PLANNIN
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large geographical area (Fig. 1). T
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Divers seen = 4.4 Figure 2.—Norm
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Table 4.—Most-specialized divers
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Sarah Young Human Dimensions of Mar
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3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Th e FRR
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Table 4.—Divers’ perception of
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YOUTH AND OUTDOOR RECREATION
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A qualitative research design was u
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containers, instead of plastic bags
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WALK, RIDE AND LEARN: STUDENTS’ D
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school. Because of the large sample
Page 47 and 48: Table 8.—Observation of built str
Page 49 and 50: “I’M TOO OLD TO GO OUTSIDE!”
Page 51 and 52: Mean Eco-Affinity Score 5.0 4.5 4.0
Page 53 and 54: children. In: Klenosky, David B., F
Page 55 and 56: Cherie LeBlanc Fisher U.S Forest Se
Page 57 and 58: Table 1.—Comparative statistics f
Page 59 and 60: did some fi shing himself at each s
Page 61 and 62: On the other hand, some personal kn
Page 63 and 64: Illinois Department of Natural Reso
Page 65 and 66: Consumer behavior researchers have
Page 67 and 68: 50 percent of the households were d
Page 69 and 70: y respondents indicated that these
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Page 73 and 74: HERITAGE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN RUR
Page 75 and 76: Short cruise season. Th e river fre
Page 77 and 78: Lynda J. Sperazza, Ph.D. Recreation
Page 79 and 80: 2.3 Leisure Participation Values Re
Page 81 and 82: Dychtwald, K. 1999. Age power: How
Page 83 and 84: With all research, the research que
Page 85 and 86: comprehensive. Cross (2005) even ar
Page 87 and 88: Stillwater, OK: Oklahoma State Univ
Page 89 and 90: EXPERIENCE USE HISTORY AND ITS RELA
Page 91 and 92: Table 1.—Comparison of experience
Page 93 and 94: 5.0 DISCUSSION As mentioned previou
Page 95 and 96: HUMAN DIMENSIONS OF WILDLIFE
Page 97: 2.0 METHODS Data were collected at
Page 101 and 102: 4.0 DISCUSSION Visitor surveys and
Page 103 and 104: LEISURE AND HEALTH
Page 105 and 106: Second, in a world where clean drin
Page 107 and 108: Table 1.—Importance of different
Page 109 and 110: Countries also need to be careful a
Page 111 and 112: Proceedings of the 2009 Northeaster
Page 113 and 114: Table 1.—Informant profi les Info
Page 115 and 116: do something and we might think it
Page 117 and 118: Th ese relational interactions enab
Page 119 and 120: EXPLORING ELEMENTS THAT INFLUENCE S
Page 121 and 122: trails, and asking others to stay o
Page 123 and 124: time/fi nances” in dune protectio
Page 125 and 126: In summary, this study explored the
Page 127 and 128: Jinhee Jun Texas A&M University jju
Page 129 and 130: Table 1.—Sample demographics Indi
Page 131 and 132: Grayson 1995). Th e fi t of this mo
Page 133 and 134: Stets, J.E.; Burke, P.J. 2003. A so
Page 135 and 136: Jiaying Lu Texas A& M University Ji
Page 137 and 138: Table 1.—Demographic and particip
Page 139 and 140: Table 3.—Factor analysis of motiv
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Page 143 and 144: social nature within sense of place
Page 145 and 146: Table 1.—Descriptions of key info
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Manzo, L.C. 2005. For better or wor
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NORMATIVE TOLERANCES FOR SCUBA DIVE
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neutral point. Bubbles at the top o
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Table 1.—Snorkeler evaluations of
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Davis, D.; Tisdell, C. 1995. Recrea
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William Valliere University of Verm
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��
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Manning, R. 2007. Parks and carryin
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mission is “...to promote and reg
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Figure 1.—Pedestrian walkway LOS
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Acceptability 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4
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TOURISM TRENDS AND CHALLENGES
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the rankings of 12 attendance motiv
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Table 3.—Comparison of socio-econ
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Table 6.—Entertainment Seekers’
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PLACE MEANINGS
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Stedman (1999) posited that sense o
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points in a focus group session, Ne
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are not shared by current residents
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Ishwar Dhami Division of Forestry a
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Figure 2.—Model for the calculati
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Table 1.—Viewshed results for all
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land implies that planting vegetati
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Shafer, E.L.; Hamilton, J.F.; Schmi
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a setting’s ability to facilitate
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EUH Place Satisfaction Figure 1.—
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Table 4.—Regression coefficients
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Jőreskog, K.G.; Sőrbom, D. 2004.
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OUTDOOR RECREATION II
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Th e primary objective of the propo
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Question 10. Do you believe that SU
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Rodney B. Warnick Tom Stevens Unive
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Table 1.—Estimated visitation to
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Table 2.—Estimated national park
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For this section of the trend analy
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5.0 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS, AND IM
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RECREATION TRAILS IN MAINE AND NEW
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Table 2.—Average cross-sectional
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Table 5.—The percentage of stream
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Demrow, C.C. 2002. Maine trails man
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Turner, J.M. 2002. From woodcraft t
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Chad P. Dawson, Professor State Uni
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80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Very diss
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Table 4.—The number of campers in
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Fuller, C.; Dawson, C. 1999. A comp
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Table 1.—Modal response rates Ini
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Smee, A.; Brennan, M. 2000. Electro
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Table 1.—Characteristics of parti
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Table 3.—Results of discriminant
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5.0 CITATIONS Babbie, E. 2001. Th e
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Bernardita Silva Graduate Assistant
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Table 1.—Expenditures by 2008 Ame
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6.0 CITATIONS Della Bitta, A.; Lond
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the economic impact of travel, and
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the air show. Th e second most popu
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not displace other local spending.
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6.0 CITATIONS Adams, P.D.; Parmente
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MANAGEMENT AND USE OF PARK, RECREAT
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which suggests that diff erent type
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Table 2.—Between-groups ANOVA to
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forest settings (means = 4.4 and 4.
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LEISURE RESEARCH
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communities together, and a decline
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Table 2.—Life satisfaction scale
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onds within a social group is a mec
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“I JUST WANTED TO GET AWAY”: AN
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Th e importance of “getting away
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Gerlach, J. 1989. Spring Break at P
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www.nrs.fs.fed.us The U.S. Departme
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