Proceedings of the 2009 northeastern recreation research symposium

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Table 1.—Between-groups ANOVA to identify differences in motivations to go Sight Seeing in seven settings Motivation df F P Mean SD Be with family 7 1.03 .41 4.33 1.11 Be outdoors 7 0.76 .62 4.29 1.00 Get away from the demands of life 7 1.65 .13 4.22 1.14 Experience nature 7 0.92 .48 3.97 1.16 Be with friends 7 0.31 .94 3.85 1.29 See wildlife I have not seen before 6 1.14 .34 3.68 1.31 View wildlife 6 1.17 .32 3.52 1.25 For health reasons 7 0.92 .48 3.09 1.64 Physical exercise or training 5 1.09 .37 2.94 1.48 Near my home 7 1.10 .36 2.93 1.80 Have a challenging outdoor experience 7 0.80 .58 2.83 1.57 Improve outdoor skills and abilities 6 0.85 .53 2.52 1.41 Be alone 7 1.24 .28 2.38 1.51 *signifi cant at the .05 level 7) Mountains 8) Other 9) Don’t know 10) Refused Finally, respondents were asked to provide information about their motivations for choosing each setting for their main activity. Importance scores for 13 motivation items were gathered using a 5-point Likert-type scale. Exact phrasing of the question was as follows: From the following list of motivations or reasons, would you please tell me on a scale from 1 to 5, with 1 being ‘Not At All Important’ and 5 being ‘Very Important’, how important was each motivation or reason in choosing [setting] to [activity]? 1) Near my home 2) To experience nature 3) To get away from the demands of life 4) To see wildlife I have not seen before 5) To be with family 6) To be alone 7) To be with friends 8) To be outdoors 9) For health reasons 10) For physical exercise or training 11) To view wildlife 12) To improve outdoor skills and abilities 13) To have a challenging outdoor experience Between-groups Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test for diff erences in motivation importance (dependent variable) across seven settings (independent variable) for four diff erent activities (grouping variable). Th e four activities chosen for analysis in this study were sight seeing, hiking, walking, and camping in developed campgrounds. Th ese four were selected because they commonly occur across a variety of diff erent environmental settings. 3.0 RESULTS Table 1 displays the ANOVA results for the activity of sight seeing. As shown, none of the ANOVAs were signifi cant, indicating that the importance of motivations for choosing environmental settings for sightseeing did not diff er across the seven settings. Table 2 displays the ANOVA results for hiking across seven settings. Th e importance of two motivations signifi cantly varied across settings: for health reasons (p = .01) and to be near my home (p
Table 2.—Between-groups ANOVA to identify differences in mMotivations to hike across seven settings Motivation df F P Mean SD Be outdoors 7 0.88 .52 4.82 0.51 Experience nature 7 0.90 .50 4.75 0.57 Get away from the demands of life 7 1.10 .36 4.41 1.06 Physical exercise or training 7 0.84 .55 4.08 1.06 For health reasons 7 2.72 .01* 3.87 1.36 View wildlife 7 0.77 .61 3.80 1.12 Be with family 6 1.41 .21 3.66 1.50 Have a challenging outdoor experience 7 0.91 .50 3.54 1.21 Be with friends 7 0.86 .53 3.48 1.34 See wildlife I have not seen before 7 0.52 .81 3.36 1.35 Improve outdoor skills and abilities 7 1.09 .37 3.11 1.29 Near my home 7 3.36 .00* 2.89 1.34 Be alone *signifi cant at the .05 level 6 1.14 .34 2.54 1.33 Table 3.—Between-groups ANOVA to identify differences in motivations to Camp in Developed Areas in seven settings; setting is the independent variable and motivation is the dependent Motivation df F P Mean SD Be outdoors 6 1.75 .12 4.71 0.75 Get away from the demands of life 7 1.07 .38 4.49 1.03 Be with family 7 1.38 .22 4.35 1.30 Experience nature 7 2.44 .02* 4.13 1.05 Be with friends 7 1.05 .40 3.78 1.41 View wildlife 6 1.15 .34 3.62 1.20 See wildlife I have not seen before 7 1.44 .20 3.48 1.30 For health reasons 6 0.83 .54 3.45 1.64 Physical exercise or training 7 0.46 .85 3.26 1.27 Have a challenging outdoor experience 7 1.48 .18 2.82 1.29 Improve outdoor skills and abilities 6 2.06 .06 2.78 1.20 Be alone 7 0.75 .62 2.42 1.52 Near my home *signifi cant at the .05 level 6 1.27 .28 2.35 1.20 Table 3 displays the ANOVA results for camping in developed campgrounds. Only the motivation to experience nature signifi cantly diff ered across the study settings (p = .02). However, the p-value for the motivation to improve outdoor skills and abilities was 0.06, suggesting possible diff erences between settings. Again, cell counts were not suffi cient to perform posthoc analysis for the activity of camping, so we could not determine which specifi c settings diff ered in importance scores for the motivation to experience nature. Table 4 displays the ANOVA results for walking. Th e importance of several motivations to walk diff ered across the study settings. Signifi cant diff erences were found between the following motivations to walk: to experience nature (p < .01), to be near my home (p = .02), to be with friends (p = .01), to view wildlife (p
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United States Department of Agricul
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 NORTHEASTER
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OUTDOOR RECREATION—TRAILS Experie
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GIS APPLICATIONS AND RECREATION RES
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diff erent points along the spectru
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Proceedings of the 2009 Northeaster
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amount of bare rock. Camel’s Hump
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Larson, M. 2004. A Passive Approach
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THE ROLE OF IMAGINATION IN EXPERIEN
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Table 1.—Special places surveys L
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For some people, being in their spe
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND RESOURCE PLANNIN
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large geographical area (Fig. 1). T
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Divers seen = 4.4 Figure 2.—Norm
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Table 4.—Most-specialized divers
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Sarah Young Human Dimensions of Mar
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3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Th e FRR
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Table 4.—Divers’ perception of
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YOUTH AND OUTDOOR RECREATION
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A qualitative research design was u
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containers, instead of plastic bags
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WALK, RIDE AND LEARN: STUDENTS’ D
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school. Because of the large sample
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Table 8.—Observation of built str
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“I’M TOO OLD TO GO OUTSIDE!”
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Mean Eco-Affinity Score 5.0 4.5 4.0
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children. In: Klenosky, David B., F
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Cherie LeBlanc Fisher U.S Forest Se
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Table 1.—Comparative statistics f
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did some fi shing himself at each s
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On the other hand, some personal kn
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Illinois Department of Natural Reso
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Consumer behavior researchers have
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50 percent of the households were d
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y respondents indicated that these
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a bivariate approach (instead of th
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HERITAGE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN RUR
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Short cruise season. Th e river fre
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Lynda J. Sperazza, Ph.D. Recreation
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2.3 Leisure Participation Values Re
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Dychtwald, K. 1999. Age power: How
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With all research, the research que
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comprehensive. Cross (2005) even ar
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Stillwater, OK: Oklahoma State Univ
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EXPERIENCE USE HISTORY AND ITS RELA
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Table 1.—Comparison of experience
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5.0 DISCUSSION As mentioned previou
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HUMAN DIMENSIONS OF WILDLIFE
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2.0 METHODS Data were collected at
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0 buses 4 buses 8 buses 12 buses Fi
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4.0 DISCUSSION Visitor surveys and
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LEISURE AND HEALTH
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Second, in a world where clean drin
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Table 1.—Importance of different
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Countries also need to be careful a
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Proceedings of the 2009 Northeaster
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Table 1.—Informant profi les Info
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do something and we might think it
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Th ese relational interactions enab
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EXPLORING ELEMENTS THAT INFLUENCE S
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trails, and asking others to stay o
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time/fi nances” in dune protectio
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In summary, this study explored the
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Jinhee Jun Texas A&M University jju
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Table 1.—Sample demographics Indi
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Grayson 1995). Th e fi t of this mo
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Stets, J.E.; Burke, P.J. 2003. A so
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Jiaying Lu Texas A& M University Ji
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Table 1.—Demographic and particip
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Table 3.—Factor analysis of motiv
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species sought, satisfaction, and r
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social nature within sense of place
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Table 1.—Descriptions of key info
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sharing the place with others and a
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Manzo, L.C. 2005. For better or wor
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NORMATIVE TOLERANCES FOR SCUBA DIVE
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neutral point. Bubbles at the top o
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Table 1.—Snorkeler evaluations of
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Davis, D.; Tisdell, C. 1995. Recrea
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William Valliere University of Verm
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��
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Manning, R. 2007. Parks and carryin
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mission is “...to promote and reg
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Figure 1.—Pedestrian walkway LOS
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Acceptability 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4
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TOURISM TRENDS AND CHALLENGES
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the rankings of 12 attendance motiv
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Table 3.—Comparison of socio-econ
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Table 6.—Entertainment Seekers’
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PLACE MEANINGS
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Stedman (1999) posited that sense o
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points in a focus group session, Ne
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are not shared by current residents
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Ishwar Dhami Division of Forestry a
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Figure 2.—Model for the calculati
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Table 1.—Viewshed results for all
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land implies that planting vegetati
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Shafer, E.L.; Hamilton, J.F.; Schmi
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a setting’s ability to facilitate
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EUH Place Satisfaction Figure 1.—
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Table 4.—Regression coefficients
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Jőreskog, K.G.; Sőrbom, D. 2004.
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OUTDOOR RECREATION II
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Th e primary objective of the propo
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Question 10. Do you believe that SU
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Rodney B. Warnick Tom Stevens Unive
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Table 1.—Estimated visitation to
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Page 217 and 218: For this section of the trend analy
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Page 221 and 222: RECREATION TRAILS IN MAINE AND NEW
Page 223 and 224: Table 2.—Average cross-sectional
Page 225 and 226: Table 5.—The percentage of stream
Page 227 and 228: Demrow, C.C. 2002. Maine trails man
Page 229 and 230: Turner, J.M. 2002. From woodcraft t
Page 231 and 232: Chad P. Dawson, Professor State Uni
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Page 235 and 236: Table 4.—The number of campers in
Page 237 and 238: Fuller, C.; Dawson, C. 1999. A comp
Page 239 and 240: Table 1.—Modal response rates Ini
Page 241 and 242: Smee, A.; Brennan, M. 2000. Electro
Page 243 and 244: Table 1.—Characteristics of parti
Page 245 and 246: Table 3.—Results of discriminant
Page 247 and 248: 5.0 CITATIONS Babbie, E. 2001. Th e
Page 249 and 250: Bernardita Silva Graduate Assistant
Page 251 and 252: Table 1.—Expenditures by 2008 Ame
Page 253 and 254: 6.0 CITATIONS Della Bitta, A.; Lond
Page 255 and 256: the economic impact of travel, and
Page 257 and 258: the air show. Th e second most popu
Page 259 and 260: not displace other local spending.
Page 261 and 262: 6.0 CITATIONS Adams, P.D.; Parmente
Page 263 and 264: MANAGEMENT AND USE OF PARK, RECREAT
Page 265: which suggests that diff erent type
Page 269 and 270: forest settings (means = 4.4 and 4.
Page 271 and 272: LEISURE RESEARCH
Page 273 and 274: communities together, and a decline
Page 275 and 276: Table 2.—Life satisfaction scale
Page 277 and 278: onds within a social group is a mec
Page 279 and 280: “I JUST WANTED TO GET AWAY”: AN
Page 281 and 282: Th e importance of “getting away
Page 283 and 284: Gerlach, J. 1989. Spring Break at P
Page 285: www.nrs.fs.fed.us The U.S. Departme
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