Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports Volume 39 April 6, 2001

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The diffusion of passive scalar pollutants in the atmosphere can constitute serious environment hazards. Recent studies have pointed to the increased danger associated with extremely high instantaneous point concentrations. We analyzed the local turbulence structure underlying statistical descriptions of turbulent diffusion. Specifically, we analyzed the entrainment of passive scalar across a buoyancy-driven convective boundary layer (CBL) capping inversion using 963 and 1283 large-eddy simulation (LES). In the simulations, a uniform concentration of passive scalar was released in the stable layer above a CBL with a strong capping inversion (963 LES) and a CBL with a weak capping inversion (1283 LES). The local turbulence structure in and around the entrainment layers were analyzed using graphical imaging, single-point statistical measures and conditional statistics. Among other things we found that we found the entrainment of top-down passive scalar to be more rapid with the weaker capping inversion suggesting that entrainment from above is affected by boundary layer growth, and that entrainment was concentrated in low vorticity downdraft regions which transport scalar directly through the capping inversion. DTIC Air Pollution; Scalars; Convection; Contaminants; Turbulent Diffusion 20010022250 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA USA A Lifetime of Geodesy and Geophysics: In Rememberence of Bill Kaula Smith, David E., NASA Ames Research Center, USA; [2001]; 1p; In English, 14-20 Dec. 2000, San Francisco, CA, USA; Sponsored by American Geophysical Union, USA; No Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity; Abstract Only In the early 1960’s the secrets that knowledge of the Earth’s gravity field would eventually reveal about the processes that govern our planet were yet to be appreciated. It was the beginning of a new science known as space geodesy, which arose at a time when most efforts were devoted to understanding how to extract precise measurements of Earth structure and motions from an orbiting spacecraft. Bill Kaula was central to that beginning and showed the way for many who were to follow, both in time and in the development of approaches most likely to yield results. Bill laid out the theory, analyzed the data, and argued strenuously for a spacecraft mission devoted to measuring gravity to make it all come true in the way he knew it really could. That mission, GRACE, was a long time coming and Bill would not see its final staging, but his influence in making it happen was everywhere. With time, the concepts for measuring the static gravity field of the Earth and terrestrial planets became well advanced, although not universally agreed upon, and certainly not by Bill, who was always eager to argue and challenge traditional methods and thinking. The extension of space geodetic techniques to the planets and the development of new techniques to measure time variations in gravity have recently brought geodesy even closer to the geophysical processes that Bill sought to understand. This presentation will contain a little geodesy, a little history, and a little reminiscing about the leader in our field. Author Earth Gravitation; Gravitational Fields; Histories 20010022271 NASA Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, VA USA Mid-Latitude Atmospheric Variability Between 20-60 KM from Rocketsonde Measurements Schauer, A. G., Science and Engineering Services, Inc., USA; Schmidlin, F. J., Science and Engineering Services, Inc., USA; [2000]; 1p; In English; 2000 Fall Meeting, 15-19 Dec. 2000, San Francisco, CA, USA; Sponsored by American Geophysical Union, USA; No Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity; Abstract Only The information obtained from deployment of instrumented meteorological rockets provides middle atmospheric data in a region that is difficult to measure by other means. In the last two decades, in-situ measurements of the middle atmosphere have become less frequent and only originate from a handful of locations. However, the value of these measurements continues to be proven through the validation of remote sensing techniques, support of other payloads sampling the region, and as importantly, the continued study of the rocket datasets with the details and trends that they hold. Wallops Island (37.8 N, 75.5 W) has one of the longest meteorological rocket data records available with relatively few system changes. Two particular periods from this record are studied: (1) January/February and (2) July/August, 1977. Both data sets consist of Super-Loki meteorological rockets with a Datasonde and Starute payload, which yield temperature and wind profiles. The January/February set consists of almost daily launches with days with multiple launches interspersed through January. In the July/August set, rockets were launched for thirty consecutive days at nearly the same time daily from Wallops Island. This campaign was immediately followed by sets of multiple launches with up to six launches per day separated by hours and in some cases minutes. The unique nature of the data allows a detailed examination of the atmosphere’s short-term variability. These results are compared to the current views of middle atmospheric dynamics and turbulence from altitudes in the range of 20-60 km. Author Middle Atmosphere; Temperature Profiles; Wind Profiles; Atmospheric Temperature 202
20010023278 Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional, HF Communications, Jakarta, Indonesia Applying Multiquadric Methods for Mapping Indonesian Ionosphere f(0)F2 Penerapan Metode Multiquadric Untuk Pemetaan f(0)F2 Ionosfer Indonesia Jiyo, Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional, Indonesia; Warta LAPAN; October 2000; ISSN 0126-9754; Volume 2, No. 4, pp. 154-158; In Malay-Indonesian; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity In this paper we discuss the Multiquadric method for regional mapping of f(0)F2. This method can be used to make a map for region with irregular observation. Mathematically, the mapping method is simple and easy to apply. Application of the method for mapping the ionospherics f(0)F2 over Indonesia shows that there is increasing of f(0)F2 in the morning and latitudinal variation. It is characteristic of equatorial anomaly. Author Indonesia; Ionospherics; Mapping 20010023540 Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional, HF Communications, Jakarta, Indonesia Relations Between Zonal Winds in the Lower Atmosphere and Fmin Above Biak Hubungan Antara Angin Zonal Di Atmosfer Bawah Dan Fmin Di Atas Biak Mumen, T., Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional, Indonesia; Sjarifuddin, M., Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional, Indonesia; Djamaluddin, T., Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional, Indonesia; Warta LAPAN; October 2000; ISSN 0126-9754; Volume 2, No. 4, pp. 131-136; In Malay-Indonesian; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity Ionospheric layer (upper atmosphere) has an important role as reflection of high frequency waves because it contains charged particle. Lower atmosphere winds can change distribution of charged particle in the ionosphere, resulting ionospheric minimum frequency change (one of high frequency wave absorption indicator). Using zonal wind and fmin data of Biak (01 deg 08 min 39 sec S; 136 deg 02 min 46 sec E), it is found that time interval of 6 days between fmin enhancements and reversal of stratospheric zonal wind direction from westward to eastward over stratosphere (about 27 km high). Author Zonal Flow (Meteorology); Wind (Meteorology); Wind Direction 20010023923 Aerospace Corp., Technology Operations, El Segundo, CA USA The Plasma Mantle: Polar Satellite Observations Fennell, J. F.; Roeder, J. L.; Grande, M.; Perry, C.; Friedel, R.; Dec. 20, 1998; 12p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F04701-93-C-0094 Report No.(s): AD-A385553; TR-99(8570)-10; SMC-TR-00-40; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Since launch in February 1996, the Polar satellite has made numerous traversals of the high-latitude dayside magnetosphere. These traversals have covered the high-altitude regions of the low-latitude boundary layer, cusp, cleft, mantle, and polar cap. Often, as the Polar satellite traverses the high-latitude dayside magnetosphere, it leaves the soft precipitation region of the cusp or cleft and enters into the mantle plasma. There, the angular distribution of 1 to 10 keV ions changes character from a convecting near-isotropic one to convecting predominantly perpendicular ions that are weakly upflowing. Sometimes the predominantly perpendicular fluxes of ions are observed throughout the cusp, cleft, and mantle. These ’trapped’ ion signatures are relatively common, and the energy of the trapped ions is generally is less than 10 keV. The energy of the most poleward trapped population generally decreases with increasing latitude as is expected for the mantle plasma. The angular distributions of the downward-going is less than 10 keV ions have large ’loss cones’, indicative of a relatively weak mirror geometry in the magnetic field at high altitudes. The mantle ion fluxes observed on Polar show much the same flows, distributions, and spatial characteristics as those observed on HEOS Rosenbauer et al., 1975. The composition of the ions at is greater than 1 keV/q is predominantly solar wind as expected. DTIC Earth Magnetosphere; Plasma Sheaths; Scientific Satellites; Satellite Observation; Plasmas (Physics) 20010024039 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Cambridge, MA USA Near-Real Time Atmospheric Density Model Correction Using Space Catalog Data Granholm, George R., Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., USA; Nov. 02, 2000; 186p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): IR&D-00-2-837; Proj. 15080 Report No.(s): AD-A384662; CSDL-T-1380; CY00437; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A09, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche Several theories have been presented in regard to creating a neutral density model that is corrected or calibrated in near-real time using data from space catalogs. These theories are usually limited to a small number of frequently tracked ’calibration satellites’ about which information such as mass and cross-sectional area is known very accurately. This work, however, attempts to 203
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Scientific and Technical Aerospace
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Introduction Scientific and Technic
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Subject Divisions Table of Contents
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Subject Categories of the Division
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73 Nuclear Physics 263 Includes nuc
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Document Availability Information T
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Avail: NASA Public Document Rooms.
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Hardcopy & Microfiche Prices Code N
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ALABAMA AUBURN UNIV. AT MONTGOMERY
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03 AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
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work of the JAA had established thi
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20010024868 Federal Aviation Admini
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20010023437 Defence Science and Tec
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The Models for Aeroelastic Validati
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20010025824 Pratt and Whitney Aircr
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20010023064 NASA Langley Research C
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17 SPACE COMMUNICATIONS, SPACECRAFT
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20010026207 NASA, Washington, DC US
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The objective of the proposed resea
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20010022640 Stanford Univ., Center
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ustion, showing that these can have
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20010026184 Oak Ridge National Lab.
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film. Subsequent electroless metal
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20010024029 Houston Univ., Dept. of
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equipment indicate a change in the
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interaction, the main gas products
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Contract(s)/Grant(s): W-7405-eng-48
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for detecting and measuring deviato
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work, additional significant effect
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20010026182 Oak Ridge National Lab.
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20010024162 Army Research Lab., Ade
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matching funds. MIRSL purchased an
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20010023557 North Dakota State Univ
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20010026217 Princeton Univ., NJ USA
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20010024108 Center for Naval Analys
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undertaken to isolated it are descr
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non-buoyant axisymmetric jet issuin
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point. The other turbulent problem
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20010024042 Houston Univ., Dept. of
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The research carried out in the Hea
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along the heater surface and depart
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cal transducers. Additionally, the
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tial for its successful commercial
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This project represents a combined
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20010024910 Johns Hopkins Univ., De
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e caused by a non-uniform temperatu
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metric shear cell, employed upon th
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20010024919 Alabama Univ., Huntsvil
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Newtonian fluids in the laboratory,
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Boussinesq convection where due to
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20010024930 Creare, Inc., Hanover,
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Illumination of a space-borne objec
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The hydrodynamics near steadily mov
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to be done is the full coupled syst
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liquid crystal host. Since the ulti
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the inorganic synthesis using press
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when the buoyancy is removed, for e
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20010024956 NASA Ames Research Cent
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2.2-second drop tower at NASA Glenn
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we have examined the dynamical beha
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position of the interface. An oscil
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the first time, non-intrusive, high
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’axial curvature pressure’. A t
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moons when disturbed by low velocit
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particle size was studied. In a den
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colliding drops. The viscous resist
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20010024983 Notre Dame Univ., Physi
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20010024986 TDA Research, Inc., Whe
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drop deposition, using Schiaffino a
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and extended to reduced gravity flo
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from an isolated bubble regime to a
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20010025000 Case Western Reserve Un
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our experimental measurements and w
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sured using a hot film probe flush
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the stationary bubble entrains anot
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we have collaborated on 3D experime
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of the most attractive characterist
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apply either steady shear flow perp
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20010025024 NASA, Washington, DC US
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neously the gamma scattered method
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20010023125 Colorado Univ., Lab. fo
Page 173 and 174: Contract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-95-C-0
Page 175 and 176: ics Technology Letters; March 2000;
Page 177 and 178: The BOREAS RSS-1 team collected sur
Page 179 and 180: ically corrected; however, files of
Page 181 and 182: with wavelength bands specific to t
Page 183 and 184: 20010022099 NASA Goddard Space Flig
Page 185 and 186: within the polygon). There are thre
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Page 193 and 194: storms in Africa and smoke plumes f
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Page 199 and 200: The BOREAS TGB-8 team collected dat
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Page 207 and 208: The BOREAS TF-10 team collected tow
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Page 221 and 222: 20010023558 Texas Univ., Center for
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Page 229 and 230: 20010022976 Desert Research Inst.,
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Page 235 and 236: Task 2 - abstraction of Medical rec
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Page 239 and 240: 20010023796 Massachusetts Univ. Med
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Page 245 and 246: Prior to 1994, measurement of tumor
Page 247 and 248: 20010025730 Illinois Univ., Broad o
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training courses for the CAD tools.
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In this report, we consider the pro
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of the neural network and hence, th
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65 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY �
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from the Lagrangian of the system.
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The average U-235 neutron total cro
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20010026201 Sandia National Labs.,
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to be 8.5-10.5 degrees which concur
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77 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
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20010026247 Abdus Salam Internation
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Board (Access Board) under the auth
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currently underway or planned durin
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transfer function that would cover
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90 ASTROPHYSICS ��
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strates that as the gyroradius incr
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20010023043 Jet Propulsion Lab., Ca
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climatic variations. This can only
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try), allowing the same samples, in
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This work will describe the Thermal
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20010023068 Tennessee Univ., Dept.
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is crucial to the successful landin
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flat-plate Michelson interferometer
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general public is definitely intere
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exploration, examine specific optio
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tions of water. Often, due to lower
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With the exploration strategy for M
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necessary to ensure delivery of a s
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spectral studies to the field, and
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93 SPACE RADIATION ��
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ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION, 163, 205 ATM
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DEW POINT, 165 DIAGNOSIS, 217, 220,
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GRAVITATION, 54, 84, 88, 110, 111,
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MATRIX THEORY, 270 MEASURING INSTRU
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ST-10 Q QUALITY CONTROL, 11, 213 QU
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ST-12 T TARGET RECOGNITION, 265 TAS
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A Abdelguerfi, Mahdi, 252 Abramo, R
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Cledassou, R., 311 Clemmet, J., 306
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Gorelick, N., 294 Gorevan, S. P., 4
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Kupinski, Matthew A., 256 Kuznetz,
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Parks, C. H., 249 Parr, T. P., 38 P
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Swisdak, Michael M., Jr., 37 Szalew
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Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports Volume 39 April 6, 2001

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