Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports Volume 39 April 6, 2001

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The overall goal of this project was to explore the toxic effects of physical and chemical carcinogens on the immature mammary gland as compared to the effects on the young adult mammary gland using a rat model. We have: I) completed all comparative cytotoxicity studies showing that the immature mammary gland is more sensitive to radiation and NMU but not DMBA, 2) adapted the ”Big Blue” mutagenesis assay to the mammary gland and produced data suggesting the immature gland is more susceptible to NMU mutagenesis, 3) completed radiation and chemical carcinogenesis studies, 4) adapted the comet assay to primary mammary cells and 5) identified numerous genes that are either up or down regulated in the immature mammary gland. We feel these studies will help mechanistically define the epidemiological observation in women which suggests that the immature mammary gland is more susceptible to environmental carcinogens than is the adult gland. DTIC Mammary Glands; Cancer; Carcinogens 20010025305 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Dept. of Biology, Cambridge, MA USA Site Specific Incorporation of Amino Acid Analogues into Proteins In Vivo Kowal, Anne K.; Kohrer, Caroline; RajBhandary, Uttam L.; Jan. 2000; 29p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-99-1-0300 Report No.(s): AD-A385877; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Two critical requirements for developing methods for the site-specific incorporation of amino acid analogues into proteins in vivo are: (1) a suppressor tRNA that is not aminoacylated by any of the endogenous aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), and (2) an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, which aminoacylates the suppressor tRNA but no other tRNA in the cell. Here, we describe two such aaRS/suppressor tRNA pairs, one for use in the yeast S. cerevisiae, and another for use in E. coli. The ’21st synthetase/ tRNA pairs’ include E. coli glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS) along with an amber suppressor derived from human initiator tRNA, for use in yeast, and mutants of the yeast tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) along with an amber suppressor derived from E. coli initiator tRNA, for use in E. coli. The suppressor tRNAs are aminoacylated in vivo only in the presence of the heterologous aaRSs and the aminoacylated tRNAs function efficiently in suppression of amber codons. Plasmids carrying the E. coli GlnRS gene can be stably maintained in yeast. DTIC Enzymes; Analogs; Proteins; Amino Acids 20010025306 Army Medical Research Inst. of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Changes in Synaptic Transmission Following Bath Application or Microinjection of Phospholipase A2 Neurotoxins in Paired Cholinergic Neurons of Aplysia Buccal Ganglia, 16 Mar. 1993-12 Nov. 1999 Apland, James P.; Winfree, Mary L.; Middlebrook, J. L.; Broomfield, Clarence A.; Filbert, Margaret G.; May 2000; 18p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-30161384ATB1 Report No.(s): AD-A385878; USAMRICD-TR-00-09; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Taipoxin, crotoxin, and corticotoxin I (C1) were tested to determine the site of action of snake neurotoxins having phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity, using cholinergically coupled neurons of buccal ganglia of the marine mollusc Aplysia california. Corticotoxin II (C2), a neurotoxin that lacks PLA2 activity, was also studied. The toxins were bath applied or pressure injected into presynaptic neurons. Resting membrane potentials (RMP), action potentials, and amplitude and time course of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) were measured electrophysiologically. Injection or bath superfusion of all toxins usually resulted in a transient change of less than 20% in the RMP in pre- and postsynaptic cells. Injections of PLA2 toxins into presynaptic neurons transiently increased IPSP amplitudes, indicating increased transmitter release. This effect was followed by time-dependent decreases in evoked IPSP amplitudes. C2 toxin, in contrast, only decreased IPSP amplitudes. Bath application of all toxins resulted in decreased IPSP amplitudes. However, bath application of toxins also resulted in increased spontaneous postsynaptic action potentials and IPSPs, suggesting effects on potassium channels. These observations suggest multiple intracellular and extracellular sites of action, in both pre- and postsynaptic neurons. DTIC Toxins and Antitoxins; Neurons; Cholinergics 20010025307 Arizona Univ., Tucson, AZ USA PH Regulation by Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo Final Report, 15 Aug. 1994-14 Aug. 1999 Gillies, Robert J.; Sep. 1999; 100p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-94-J-4368 Report No.(s): AD-A385882; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche 222
Prior to 1994, measurement of tumor pH was limited to microelectrodes, which measure the interstitial/extracellular pH (pHe), and (31)P MRS of inorganic phosphate, which measured the intracellular pH (pHe). In 1994, we developed a method to simultaneously measure the intra and extracellular pH of tumors, using exogenous 3-amino propyl phosphonate (3-APP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) (Gillies et al., 1994, Am J Physiol 267, C195-C203). However, this method is limited to measuring average tumor pHe, and was not capable of reporting the pH range or localized values. MR-based pH measurement techniques have been improved in two ways. First, the data obtained from (31)P MRS of 3-APP have been more thoroughly analyzed to yield transtumoral pH ranges. Second, an alternative pH-sensitive marker has been developed to allow pH in mapping using multivoxel (1)H-MRS. DTIC Mammary Glands; Cancer; Amines 20010025308 Duke Univ., Medical Center, Durham, NC USA A Pilot Study to Explore Linkages Among Isomers of Organochlorines, Promutagenic DNA Lesions and Breast Cancer Using Sensitive Techniques Final Report, 1 Jul. 1996-31 Dec. 1999 Lo, Joseph; Jan. 2000; 25p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-96-1-6145 Report No.(s): AD-A385883; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The purpose of this grant was to construct an artificial neural network (ANN) to assist radiologists in differentiating benign from malignant solid lesions in ultrasound (U.S.) breast imaging. A data set of patient cases was collected, consisting of 192 biopsy-proven breast lesions for which radiologists provided descriptive terms to characterize the U.S. appearance of the lesions. An ANN model was developed to predict probably benign lesions based upon those descriptors and the patient age. The model was potentially able to maintain 100% sensitivity of cancer detection, while improving the radiologists’ specificity from 0% to 35% (42 out of 121 benign biopsies obviated). This corresponded to improving the PPV of the radiologists from 37% to 47%. Moreover, we also identified that the mass margin and patient age were the two most important input features for this model, and that highly simplified models based on those two features alone could still perform as well as the more complicated models using all available information. Predictive models such as these can provide physicians and patients with accurate information for managing suspicious breast lesions without the invasiveness of biopsy procedures. DTIC Cancer; Imaging Techniques; Computer Assisted Instruction 20010025309 Virginia Univ., Charlottesville, VA USA Involvement of the Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-1 in the Development of Breast Cancer Annual Report, 1 Oct. 1998-30 Sep. 1999 Lorenz, Ulrike; Oct. 1999; 11p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8347 Report No.(s): AD-A385886; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The purpose of this research was to test the working hypothesis that SHP-1 is essential for controlling growth and differentiation of mammary epithelial cells and that dysregulation of SHP-1 contributes to the development of breast cancer. Scope: to biochemically and functionally characterize SHP-1 in human breast cancer cell lines and to define the biological function of SHP-1 in normal epithelial cells. Major Findings: SHP-1 associates with the EGFR in an EGF stimulation-dependent manner. to further characterize the function of SHP- 1, we have generated retroviruses encoding wild type and mutant forms of SHP- 1 together with GFP. Infection of cell lines with these viruses will enable us to target a high percentage of the cell population and to identify infected cells. We have also generated a transgenic mouse encoding SHP-1 under the control of its hematopoietic promoter. Crossing this mouse in the motheaten background should allow us to study SHP- 1-deficient epithelial cells in an otherwise ”normal” mouse. Significance: From our data, we are starting to understand SHP-1’s role in epithelial cells. Moreover by using the reagents we generated, we expect to deepen our knowledge of SHP-1’s role in epithelial cells and to learn how a dysregulated SHP-1 is potentially involved in the onset/progression of breast cancer. DTIC Proteins; Tyrosine; Hematopoietic System; Cells (Biology); Cancer 223
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Scientific and Technical Aerospace
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Introduction Scientific and Technic
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Subject Divisions Table of Contents
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Subject Categories of the Division
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73 Nuclear Physics 263 Includes nuc
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Document Availability Information T
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Avail: NASA Public Document Rooms.
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Hardcopy & Microfiche Prices Code N
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ALABAMA AUBURN UNIV. AT MONTGOMERY
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03 AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
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work of the JAA had established thi
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20010024868 Federal Aviation Admini
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20010023437 Defence Science and Tec
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The Models for Aeroelastic Validati
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20010025824 Pratt and Whitney Aircr
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20010023064 NASA Langley Research C
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17 SPACE COMMUNICATIONS, SPACECRAFT
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20010026207 NASA, Washington, DC US
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The objective of the proposed resea
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20010022640 Stanford Univ., Center
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ustion, showing that these can have
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20010026184 Oak Ridge National Lab.
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film. Subsequent electroless metal
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20010024029 Houston Univ., Dept. of
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equipment indicate a change in the
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interaction, the main gas products
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Contract(s)/Grant(s): W-7405-eng-48
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for detecting and measuring deviato
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work, additional significant effect
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20010026182 Oak Ridge National Lab.
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20010024162 Army Research Lab., Ade
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matching funds. MIRSL purchased an
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20010023557 North Dakota State Univ
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20010026217 Princeton Univ., NJ USA
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20010024108 Center for Naval Analys
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undertaken to isolated it are descr
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non-buoyant axisymmetric jet issuin
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point. The other turbulent problem
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20010024042 Houston Univ., Dept. of
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The research carried out in the Hea
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along the heater surface and depart
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cal transducers. Additionally, the
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tial for its successful commercial
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This project represents a combined
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20010024910 Johns Hopkins Univ., De
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e caused by a non-uniform temperatu
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metric shear cell, employed upon th
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20010024919 Alabama Univ., Huntsvil
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Newtonian fluids in the laboratory,
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Boussinesq convection where due to
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20010024930 Creare, Inc., Hanover,
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Illumination of a space-borne objec
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The hydrodynamics near steadily mov
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to be done is the full coupled syst
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liquid crystal host. Since the ulti
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the inorganic synthesis using press
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when the buoyancy is removed, for e
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20010024956 NASA Ames Research Cent
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2.2-second drop tower at NASA Glenn
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we have examined the dynamical beha
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position of the interface. An oscil
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the first time, non-intrusive, high
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’axial curvature pressure’. A t
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moons when disturbed by low velocit
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particle size was studied. In a den
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colliding drops. The viscous resist
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20010024983 Notre Dame Univ., Physi
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20010024986 TDA Research, Inc., Whe
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drop deposition, using Schiaffino a
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and extended to reduced gravity flo
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from an isolated bubble regime to a
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20010025000 Case Western Reserve Un
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our experimental measurements and w
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sured using a hot film probe flush
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the stationary bubble entrains anot
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we have collaborated on 3D experime
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of the most attractive characterist
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apply either steady shear flow perp
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20010025024 NASA, Washington, DC US
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neously the gamma scattered method
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20010023125 Colorado Univ., Lab. fo
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Contract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-95-C-0
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ics Technology Letters; March 2000;
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The BOREAS RSS-1 team collected sur
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ically corrected; however, files of
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with wavelength bands specific to t
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20010022099 NASA Goddard Space Flig
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within the polygon). There are thre
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A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Cana
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Page 207 and 208: The BOREAS TF-10 team collected tow
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Page 221 and 222: 20010023558 Texas Univ., Center for
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Board (Access Board) under the auth
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currently underway or planned durin
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transfer function that would cover
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90 ASTROPHYSICS ��
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strates that as the gyroradius incr
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20010023043 Jet Propulsion Lab., Ca
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climatic variations. This can only
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try), allowing the same samples, in
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This work will describe the Thermal
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20010023068 Tennessee Univ., Dept.
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is crucial to the successful landin
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flat-plate Michelson interferometer
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general public is definitely intere
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exploration, examine specific optio
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tions of water. Often, due to lower
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With the exploration strategy for M
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necessary to ensure delivery of a s
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spectral studies to the field, and
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93 SPACE RADIATION ��
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ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION, 163, 205 ATM
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DEW POINT, 165 DIAGNOSIS, 217, 220,
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GRAVITATION, 54, 84, 88, 110, 111,
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MATRIX THEORY, 270 MEASURING INSTRU
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ST-10 Q QUALITY CONTROL, 11, 213 QU
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ST-12 T TARGET RECOGNITION, 265 TAS
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A Abdelguerfi, Mahdi, 252 Abramo, R
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Cledassou, R., 311 Clemmet, J., 306
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Gorelick, N., 294 Gorevan, S. P., 4
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Kupinski, Matthew A., 256 Kuznetz,
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Parks, C. H., 249 Parr, T. P., 38 P
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Swisdak, Michael M., Jr., 37 Szalew
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Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports Volume 39 April 6, 2001

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