Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports Volume 39 April 6, 2001

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out sample return missions, we already have the capability to make impressive gains in in situ exploration by deploying full-scale rovers with mobility upward of ten kilometers.) A prudent minimum list of missions can be derived from the numerous goals and requirements; they can be sequenced in an orderly way to ensure that time is available to feed forward the results of the precursor missions. Author Mars Exploration; Mission Planning 20010023066 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA USA Mars Exploration 2003 to 2013 - An Integrated Perspective: Time Sequencing the Missions Briggs, G., NASA Ames Research Center, USA; McKay, C., NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration; July 2000, Part 1, pp. 47; In English; See also 20010023036; No Copyright; Abstract Only; Available from CASI only as part of the entire parent document The science goals for the Mars exploration program, together with the HEDS precursor environmental and technology needs, serve as a solid starting point for re-planning the program in an orderly way. Most recently, the community has recognized the significance of subsurface sampling as a key component in ”following the water”. Accessing samples from hundreds and even thousands of meters beneath the surface is a challenge that will call for technology development and for one or more demonstration missions. Recent mission failures and concerns about the complexity of the previously planned MSR missions indicate that, before we are ready to undertake sample return and deep sampling, the Mars exploration program needs to include: 1) technology development missions; and 2) basic landing site assessment missions. These precursor missions should demonstrate the capability for reliable & accurate soft landing and in situ propellant production. The precursor missions will need to carry out close-up site observations, ground-penetrating radar mapping from orbit and conduct seismic surveys. Clearly the programs should be planned as a single, continuous exploration effort. A prudent minimum list of missions, including surface rovers with ranges of more than 10 km, can be derived from the numerous goals and requirements; they can be sequenced in an orderly way to ensure that time is available to feed forward the results of the precursor missions. One such sequence of missions is proposed for the decade beginning in 2003. Author Mars Exploration; Mars Missions; Mission Planning 20010023067 Johns Hopkins Univ., Applied Physics Lab., Laurel, MD USA Elemental, Isotopic, and Organic Analysis on Mars with Laser TOF-MS Brinckerhoff, W. B., Johns Hopkins Univ., USA; Cornish, T. J., Johns Hopkins Univ., USA; Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration; July 2000, Part 1, pp. 47-48; In English; See also 20010023036 Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS5-97271; NAG5-4548; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche The in-depth landed exploration of Mars will require increasingly sophisticated robotic analytical tools for both in situ composition science [1] and reconnaissance for sample return [2]. Beyond dust, rock surfaces, and topsoil, samples must be accessed within rocks and ice, well below surface soil, and possibly in elevated deposit layers. A range of spatial scales will be studied, and for the most information-rich microscopic analyses, samples must be acquired, prepared, and positioned with high precision. In some cases samples must also be brought into a vacuum chamber. After expending such resources, it will be important to apply techniques that provide a wide range of information about the samples. Microscopy, mineralogy, and molecular/organic, elemental, and isotopic analyses are all needed, at a minimum, to begin to address the in situ goals at Mars. These techniques must work as an efficient suite to provide layers of data, each layer helping to determine if further analysis on a given sample is desired. In the spirit of broad-band and efficient data collection, we are developing miniature laser time-of-flight mass spectrometers (TOF- MS) for elemental, isotopic, and molecular/organic microanalysis of unprepared solid samples. Laser TOF-MS uses a pulsed laser to volatilize and ionize material from a small region on the sample. The laser energy and focus can be adjusted for atomic and molecular content, sampling area, and depth. Ions travel through the instrument and are detected at a sequence of times proportional to the square root of their mass-to- charge ratios. Thus, each laser pulse produces a complete mass spectrum (in less than 50 microseconds). These instruments can now be significantly miniaturized (potentially to the size of a soda can) without a loss in performance. This effort is reviewed here with an emphasis on applications to Mars exploration. Author Mars Exploration; Time of Flight Spectrometers; Mass Spectrometers; In Situ Measurement; Laser Spectrometers 290
20010023068 Tennessee Univ., Dept. of Geological Sciences, Knoxville, TN USA The Mars Frisbee: A Small, Lightweight Deployment Mechanism for In-Situ Instruments on the Proposed Mars Scout Lander Britt, D. T., Tennessee Univ., USA; Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration; July 2000, Part 1, pp. 49; In English; See also 20010023036; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche The proposed Mars Scout lander is conceived as a robust airbag landing system to deliver small five-kilogram scientific payloads to a variety of Martian terrains. This lander has very strong constraints on delivered instruments in mass, volume, and footprint. Another constraint on possible instruments will be the large footprint of the airbag landing system that will surround the lander after it deflates. This could make difficult to deploy in-situ instruments such as Alpha X-Ray Proton or Mossbauer spectrometers without a relatively large and heavy deployment arm. Author Mars Landing; Instrument Packages; Landing Aids; Mars Exploration 20010023069 Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA USA Mars Stratigraphy Mission Budney, C. J., Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., USA; Miller, S. L., Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., USA; Cutts, J. A., Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., USA; Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration; July 2000, Part 1, pp. 50-51; In English; See also 20010023036; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche The Mars Stratigraphy Mission lands a rover on the surface of Mars which descends down a cliff in Valles Marineris to study the stratigraphy. The rover carries a unique complement of instruments to analyze and age-date materials encountered during descent past 2 km of strata. The science objective for the Mars Stratigraphy Mission is to identify the geologic history of the layered deposits in the Valles Marineris region of Mars. This includes constraining the time interval for formation of these deposits by measuring the ages of various layers and determining the origin of the deposits (volcanic or sedimentary) by measuring their composition and imaging their morphology. Derived from text Mars Surface; Stratigraphy; Planetary Geology; Mars Missions 20010023070 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA USA Mars Scout: Micromissions to Investigate Martian Environments Cabrol, N. A., NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Ori, G. G., International Research School of Planetary Sciences, Italy; Grin, E. A., NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Sims, M. H., NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Marinangeli, L., International Research School of Planetary Sciences, Italy; McKay, C., NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Marshall, J., NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Thomas, H., NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Rabbette, M., NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Landheim, R., NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration; July 2000, Part 1, pp. 52-53; In English; See also 20010023036; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche Environments can be local, regional, or global. They can include one or more geological, morphological, climatological, and biological types. An environment also represents all the interactions that take place in the identified boundaries. Current planned missions to Mars in the Surveyor Program assume a good knowledge of the Martian environment that we do not have because it cannot be obtained only from orbit. There is a missing step between orbital data and the complex Surveyor missions to be landed that needs to be filled. The Ames/IRSPS Scout Mission Concept originally proposed in February 1999 filled this gap by landing a series of small (less than 10 kgs. each) scout missions. The Mars Environment Scout Mission Concept is being developed to explore the possibility of sending a series of small, simple, and inexpensive stations to the surface of Mars. The objective(s) would be to document either: (a) the environmental diversity of Mars, (b) a specific Martian environment, and/or (c) a region of interest. This type of mission will provide critical information about environments that is currently not available, and could also be used as precursors helping the design, preparation, and planning of more complex future missions to come. Author Mars Environment; Mars Missions; Mars Surface; Mission Planning 20010023071 Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL USA Magnetic Field of Mars Cain, J. C., Florida State Univ., USA; Ferguson, B., Florida State Univ., USA; Mozzoni, D., Florida State Univ., USA; Hood, L., Arizona Univ., USA; Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration; July 2000, Part 1, pp. 54; In English; See also 20010023036; No Copyright; Abstract Only; Available from CASI only as part of the entire parent document 291
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Scientific and Technical Aerospace
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Introduction Scientific and Technic
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Subject Divisions Table of Contents
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Subject Categories of the Division
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73 Nuclear Physics 263 Includes nuc
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Document Availability Information T
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Avail: NASA Public Document Rooms.
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Hardcopy & Microfiche Prices Code N
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ALABAMA AUBURN UNIV. AT MONTGOMERY
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03 AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
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work of the JAA had established thi
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20010024868 Federal Aviation Admini
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20010023437 Defence Science and Tec
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The Models for Aeroelastic Validati
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20010025824 Pratt and Whitney Aircr
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20010023064 NASA Langley Research C
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17 SPACE COMMUNICATIONS, SPACECRAFT
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20010026207 NASA, Washington, DC US
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The objective of the proposed resea
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20010022640 Stanford Univ., Center
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ustion, showing that these can have
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20010026184 Oak Ridge National Lab.
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film. Subsequent electroless metal
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20010024029 Houston Univ., Dept. of
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equipment indicate a change in the
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interaction, the main gas products
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Contract(s)/Grant(s): W-7405-eng-48
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for detecting and measuring deviato
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work, additional significant effect
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20010026182 Oak Ridge National Lab.
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20010024162 Army Research Lab., Ade
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matching funds. MIRSL purchased an
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20010023557 North Dakota State Univ
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20010026217 Princeton Univ., NJ USA
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20010024108 Center for Naval Analys
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undertaken to isolated it are descr
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non-buoyant axisymmetric jet issuin
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point. The other turbulent problem
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20010024042 Houston Univ., Dept. of
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The research carried out in the Hea
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along the heater surface and depart
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cal transducers. Additionally, the
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tial for its successful commercial
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This project represents a combined
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20010024910 Johns Hopkins Univ., De
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e caused by a non-uniform temperatu
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metric shear cell, employed upon th
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20010024919 Alabama Univ., Huntsvil
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Newtonian fluids in the laboratory,
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Boussinesq convection where due to
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20010024930 Creare, Inc., Hanover,
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Illumination of a space-borne objec
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The hydrodynamics near steadily mov
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to be done is the full coupled syst
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liquid crystal host. Since the ulti
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the inorganic synthesis using press
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when the buoyancy is removed, for e
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20010024956 NASA Ames Research Cent
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2.2-second drop tower at NASA Glenn
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we have examined the dynamical beha
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position of the interface. An oscil
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the first time, non-intrusive, high
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’axial curvature pressure’. A t
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moons when disturbed by low velocit
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particle size was studied. In a den
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colliding drops. The viscous resist
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20010024983 Notre Dame Univ., Physi
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20010024986 TDA Research, Inc., Whe
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drop deposition, using Schiaffino a
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and extended to reduced gravity flo
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from an isolated bubble regime to a
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20010025000 Case Western Reserve Un
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our experimental measurements and w
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sured using a hot film probe flush
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the stationary bubble entrains anot
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we have collaborated on 3D experime
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of the most attractive characterist
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apply either steady shear flow perp
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20010025024 NASA, Washington, DC US
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neously the gamma scattered method
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20010023125 Colorado Univ., Lab. fo
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Contract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-95-C-0
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ics Technology Letters; March 2000;
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The BOREAS RSS-1 team collected sur
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ically corrected; however, files of
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with wavelength bands specific to t
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20010022099 NASA Goddard Space Flig
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within the polygon). There are thre
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A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Cana
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storms in Africa and smoke plumes f
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Greenland, with the objective of qu
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The BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Stu
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The BOREAS TGB-8 team collected dat
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Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2000-209891/
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The BOREAS TF-10 team collected tow
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cally Active Radiation (FPAR) absor
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tributing to the overall understand
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cal ’tour de force’ allows EPV
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20010023558 Texas Univ., Center for
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the atmospheric concentrations of m
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20010023278 Lembaga Penerbangan dan
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Atmospheric radiation in the infrar
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20010022976 Desert Research Inst.,
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The primary purpose of AASERT Grant
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with only small ice-covered areas r
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Task 2 - abstraction of Medical rec
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non-steroidal activators of the rec
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20010023796 Massachusetts Univ. Med
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20010024166 Chicago Univ., Chicago,
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20010025069 Cleveland Clinic Founda
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Prior to 1994, measurement of tumor
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20010025730 Illinois Univ., Broad o
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the processing for enhancement of s
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strides in detection, diagnosis, an
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20010025763 California Univ., Lawre
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The ability to detect carcinoma cel
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ations found in clinical and geneti
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20010021850 Michigan Univ., Dept. o
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Page 277 and 278: In this report, we consider the pro
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Page 283 and 284: from the Lagrangian of the system.
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Page 303 and 304: strates that as the gyroradius incr
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Page 337 and 338: ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION, 163, 205 ATM
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Page 341 and 342: GRAVITATION, 54, 84, 88, 110, 111,
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Page 347 and 348: ST-12 T TARGET RECOGNITION, 265 TAS
Page 349 and 350: A Abdelguerfi, Mahdi, 252 Abramo, R
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Page 357 and 358: Parks, C. H., 249 Parr, T. P., 38 P
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Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports Volume 39 April 6, 2001

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